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Index
Learn to Program with Scratch: A Visual Introduction to Programming with Games, Art, Science, and Math
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Whom This Book Is For
A Note to the Reader
Features
Organization of This Text
Conventions Used
Online Resources
Errata and Updates
1. Getting Started
What Is Scratch?
Scratch Programming Environment
The Stage
Sprite List
Blocks Tab
Scripts Area
Costumes Tab
Sounds Tab
Backdrops Tab
Sprite Info
Toolbar
Paint Editor
Setting the Center of an Image
Setting Transparent Color
Your First Scratch Game
Step 1: Prepare the Backdrop
Step 2: Add the Paddle and Ball
Step 3: Start the Game and Get Your Sprites Moving
Step 4: Spice It Up with Sound
Scratch Blocks: An Overview
Arithmetic Operators and Functions
Arithmetic Operators
Random Numbers
Mathematical Functions
Summary
Problems
2. Motion and Drawing
Using Motion Commands
Absolute Motion
Relative Motion
Other Motion Commands
Pen Commands and Easy Draw
The Power of Repeat
Rotated Squares
Exploring with Stamp
Scratch Projects
Get the Money
Catching Apples
More on Cloned Sprites
Summary
Problems
3. Looks and Sound
The Looks Palette
Changing Costumes to Animate
Sprites That Speak and Think
Image Effects
Size and Visibility
Layers
The Sound Palette
Playing Audio Files
Playing Drums and Other Sounds
Composing Music
Controlling Sound Volume
Setting the Tempo
Scratch Projects
Dancing on Stage
Fireworks
Summary
Problems
4. Procedures
Message Broadcasting and Receiving
Sending and Receiving Broadcasts
Message Broadcasting to Coordinate Multiple Sprites
Creating Large Programs in Small Steps
Creating Procedures with Message Broadcasting
Building Your Own Block
Passing Parameters to Custom Blocks
Using Nested Procedures
Working with Procedures
Breaking Programs Down into Procedures
Building Up with Procedures
Summary
Problems
5. Variables
Data Types in Scratch
What’s in the Shape?
Automatic Data Type Conversion
Introduction to Variables
What Is a Variable?
Creating and Using Variables
The Scope of Variables
Changing Variables
Spider Web
Pinwheel
Variables in Clones
Displaying Variable Monitors
Using Variable Monitors in Applications
Simulating Ohm’s Law
Demonstrating a Series Circuit
Visualizing a Sphere’s Volume and Surface Area
Drawing an n-Leaved Rose
Modeling Sunflower Seed Distribution
Getting Input from Users
Reading a Number
Reading Characters
Performing Arithmetic Operations
Summary
Problems
6. Making Decisions
Comparison Operators
Evaluating Boolean Expressions
Comparing Letters and Strings
Decision Structures
The if Block
Using Variables as Flags
The if/else Block
Nested if and if/else Blocks
Menu-Driven Programs
Logical Operators
The and Operator
The or Operator
The not Operator
Using Logical Operators to Check Numeric Ranges
Scratch Projects
Guess My Coordinates
Triangle Classification Game
Line Follower
Equation of a Line
Other Applications
Summary
Problems
7. Repetition: A Deeper Exploration of Loops
More Loop Blocks in Scratch
The repeat until Block
Building a forever if Block
Stop Commands
Ending a Computational Loop
Validating User Input
Counters
Check a Password
Counting by a Constant Amount
Revisiting Nested Loops
Recursion: Procedures that Call Themselves
Scratch Projects
Analog Clock
Bird Shooter Game
Free-Fall Simulation
Projectile Motion Simulator
Other Applications
Summary
Problems
8. String Processing
Revisiting the String Data Type
Counting Special Characters in a String
Comparing String Characters
String Manipulation Examples
Igpay Atinlay
Fix My Spelling
Unscramble
Scratch Projects
Shoot
Binary to Decimal Converter
Hangman
Fraction Tutor
Summary
Problems
9. Lists
Lists in Scratch
Creating Lists
List Commands
Add and Delete
Insert and Replace
Accessing List Elements
The Contains Block
Bounds Checking
Dynamic Lists
Filling Lists with User Input
Creating a Bar Chart
Numerical Lists
Finding Min and Max
Finding the Average
Searching and Sorting Lists
Linear Search
Frequency of Occurrence
Bubble Sort
Finding the Median
Scratch Projects
The Poet
Quadrilateral Classification Game
Math Wizard
Flower Anatomy Quiz
Other Applications
Summary
Problems
A. Sharing and Collaboration
Creating a Scratch Account
Using the Backpack
Creating Your Own Project
Starting a New Project
Remixing a Project
The Project Page
Sharing Your Project
About the Online Resources
Updates
Index
About the Author
Copyright
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