Britannia by Stewart, Graham -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

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Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Contents List of Illustrations Introduction I. The Dark Ages

The Vindolanda Tablets, 1st century AD Roman experiences of life in Britannia The Romans in Britain The Lindisfarne Gospels, c.715 An illuminated masterpiece from the Dark Ages Early Christianity in Britain Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum, 731 The first great history of the English Church and people Bede’s List of ‘Bretwaldas’ Beowulf, 8th–10th century The greatest surviving work of Anglo-Saxon literature The Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum, 878–890 Establishing the boundary between Anglo-Saxon and Viking-occupied England The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, c.890–1116 Shining light upon the Dark Ages

II. The Medieval Age

The Bayeux Tapestry, late 11th century The story of the Norman Conquest The End of Anglo-Saxon England The Domesday Book, 1086 William the Conqueror’s survey of the nation and the centralization of state power The Assize of Clarendon, 1166 The development of criminal courts, the common law and trial by jury Magna Carta, 1215 The ‘Great Charter’ limits arbitrary power and establishes an Englishman’s right to habeas corpus The Chronicles of Matthew Paris, c.1250 A distinguished example of medieval cartography and illustration Angevins and Plantagenets Simon de Montfort’s summons for a parliament, 1265 The roots of a representative parliament The Statute of Rhuddlan, 1284 Edward I’s Anglicization of the Principality of Wales Medieval Wales The Declaration of Arbroath, 1320 A statement of Scottish independence Scottish Wars of Independence Wyclif’s Bible, 1382–95 The translation of the Bible into English Spreading God’s Word in English Henry VI’s charters for Eton and King’s College, Cambridge, 1440–6 Educating the elite The Growth of Universities William Caxton’s publication of Malory’s Morte d’Arthur, 1485 The spread of printed books and the enduring appeal of the Arthurian Legend In Search of Arthur

III. Religion and the Renaissance

Tyndale’s New Testament, 1525–6 The language of Protestant scripture Parliament’s petition to the pope to annul Henry VIII’s marriage, 1530 The English Church splits from Rome The Anglo-Welsh Act of Union, 1536 Wales enters into formal union with England The Anthony Roll, 1546 The inventory and depiction of King Henry VIII’s Royal Navy The Growth and Decline of the Royal Navy The Book of Common Prayer, 1549 The liturgy of the Church of England The royal charter of the Muscovy Company, 1555 The first joint-stock company, funding exploration and the expansion of trade Foxe’s Book of Martyrs, 1563 Creating a narrative of English Protestant identity under threat from Catholicism The Thirty-Nine Articles, 1563 The doctrine of the state Church The Reign of Elizabeth I The Casket Letters, 1566–7 ‘Proof’ of Mary, Queen of Scots’ complicity in murdering her husband My Ladye Nevells Booke, 1591 William Byrd’s works for keyboard A Golden Age of Music The royal charter of the East India Company, 1600 The growth of British trade and empire The Origins of Empire The Elizabethan Poor Law, 1601 A national system of poor relief

IV. Stuart Britain

The ‘Monteagle Letter’ and Guy Fawkes’s signed confession, 1605 The exposure of the Gunpowder Plot Union Jack designs, 1606 The union of the Scottish and English crowns and the symbol of a British identity The King James Bible, 1611 The Authorized Version of the Bible in English Shakespeare’s First Folio, 1623 The plays of William Shakespeare are saved for posterity A Golden Age of English Drama The Petition of Right, 1628 The common law versus royal absolutism The Scottish National Covenant, 1638 Scotland’s pledge to defend Presbyterianism against Charles I’s efforts to Anglicize the Kirk The record of the Putney Debates, 1647 The New Model Army debates universal manhood suffrage The death warrant of King Charles I, 1649 The execution of the king The Civil Wars The Instrument of Government, 1653 Britain’s first – and short-lived – written constitution Menasseh Ben Israel’s Humble Petition to the Lord Protector, 1656 The readmission of Jews to Britain The Jewish Population in Britain 1070–1900 Memorandum for the Royal Society, 1660 The advancement of science in the age of Boyle, Hooke and Newton The Scientific Revolution The Clarendon Code, 1661–70 The penalties for dissenting from the Established Church The Immortal Seven’s Invitation to William of Orange, 1688 The Glorious Revolution Britain’s Last Successful Revolution The Bill of Rights, 1689 The constitutional monarchy John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, 1689–90 The refutation of divine right and advocacy of government by popular consent The royal charter of the Bank of England, 1694 Finance and the banker of last resort A Short History of British Banking The Act of Settlement, 1701 Establishing the royal succession Royal Family Tree The Act of Union, 1707 The United Kingdom of Great Britain

V. Hanoverian Britain

The music and lyrics of ‘God Save the King’, 1745 The origins of the national anthem The Jacobite Risings Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary, 1755 The celebrated English-language dictionary A Short List of English Dictionaries The Declaratory Act, 1766 Westminster asserts its rights to tax and legislate in the American colonies The American Revolution James Craig’s plan for Edinburgh’s New Town, 1767 Georgian urban planning and the ‘Scottish Enlightenment’ Arkwright’s water frame patent, 1769 Textiles and the Industrial Revolution Driving Forces of the Industrial Revolution The Somerset Judgment, 1772 Slavery in England is ruled illegal Britain and the Slave Trade Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations, 1776 The philosophy of free-market economics First Edition of The Times, 1785 The ‘Thunderer’ of the free press The Growth of the Press Marylebone Cricket Club’s Code of Laws, 1788 Codifying cricket Cricket’s Early History

VI. The Years of Reform

Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 1792 The birth of feminism The Anglo-Irish Act of Union, 1800 The creation of the United Kingdom’s Parliament Ireland 1169–1800 The General Enclosure Act, 1801 Land rights and the agrarian revolution James Gillray’s The Plum-Pudding in Danger, 1805 Press freedom and political satire Britain in the Age of Revolution Stephenson’s design for Rocket, 1829 The birth of the railway age The Growth of the Railways The Catholic Emancipation Act, 1829 Growing religious liberty Religious Liberty in Britain The Great Reform Act, 1832 The spread of democracy The Right to Vote The Tamworth Manifesto, 1834 The birth of the modern Conservative Party From Toryism to Conservatism The People’s Charter, 1838 Demands for popular democracy

VII. The Victorian Age

Brunel’s design for the SS Great Britain, 1839–43 The world’s first screw-propelled, iron-hulled ocean liner Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol, 1843 Popular novels, the Victorian social conscience and the revival of the Christmas spirit The ‘Crystal Palace’ design for the Great Exhibition, 1851 Joseph Paxton’s innovation in architectural design The Age of Victoria The Rules of Association Football, 1863 The ‘beautiful game’ takes its modern form The Rise of Sport in Britain The Married Women’s Property Act, 1882 Women gain the same rights as men to own property and run businesses Charles Booth’s ‘Poverty Map’ of London, 1898–9 Analysing the extent and nature of London poverty

VIII. From Empire to the Welfare State

The Anglo-French Entente Cordiale, 1904 Cross-Channel rapprochement The Road to the Great War The Liberal government’s list of nominees for the peerage, 1910/11 The destruction of the hereditary peers’ ability to veto legislation Fourteen Reasons for Supporting Women’s Suffrage, 1912 The right of women to vote War recruitment poster, 1914 The First World War and the principles of a volunteer army Britain in Arms 1914–18 Clause IV of the Labour Party Constitution, 1918 The philosophy of British socialism The Rise of the Labour Movement The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1921 Irish Home Rule and the creation of Northern Ireland Irish Nationalism 1886–1938 School map of the British Empire, c.1925 Imperial pride, trade and kinship The High Noon of Empire The royal charter of the BBC, 1927 Britain’s national broadcasting corporation Six Decades of Hit TV: The Most Watched Programmes Edward VIII’s Instrument of Abdication, 1936 The Abdication Crisis The Life of Edward VIII R. J. Mitchell’s design for the Supermarine Spitfire, Mark I, 1936 A classic design that helped save Britain from invasion in 1940 The Marks of a Legend Hitler and Chamberlain’s note: the Munich Pact, 1938 The appeasement of Nazi Germany The Countdown to War The Beveridge Report, 1942 Blueprint for the welfare state London County Council map of London war damage, 1945 The war at home and the destruction and rebuilding of London The War at Home Brief Encounter, film script, 1945 Noël Coward, David Lean and Britain’s stiff upper lip The British Nationality Act, 1948 Opening the door to mass immigration from the Commonwealth Post-War Immigration The North Atlantic Treaty, 1949 Britain’s role in the Cold War British Spending on Defence The European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 Human rights, from European Convention to British law

IX. Elizabeth II’S Britain

Ian Fleming’s manuscript for Casino Royale, 1952 Creating the Briton who could save the world The Sèvres Protocol, 1956 The secret document behind the Suez Crisis The Retreat from Empire: Britain’s Former Colonies Gain their Independence Anthony Crosland’s Department of Education Circular 10/65, 1965 The abolition of grammar schools and the creation of comprehensive schools The Beatles’ Sgt Pepper album cover, 1967 An icon of Britain’s ‘Swinging Sixties’ The Swinging Sixties The Accession Treaty to the European Economic Community, 1972 Britain and European integration Europe from Rome to Lisbon The Communiqué of the Sunningdale Agreement, 1973 Efforts to solve Northern Ireland’s ‘Troubles’ Northern Ireland’s Troubles The New Hope for Britain, the Labour Party election manifesto, 1983 The nadir of British socialism Thatcher’s Revolution The verdict in the Factortame (II) case, 1991 European jurisdiction and the limits of British sovereignty Condolence books and popular inscriptions to Diana, Princess of Wales, 1997 The death of Princess Diana and the weakening of the nation’s stiff upper lip The Scotland Act and the Government of Wales Act, 1998 A new settlement for the United Kingdom, or the beginning of its break-up? Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Assessment of the British Government, 2002 Tony Blair’s case for war with Iraq Blair’s Britain Life in the United Kingdom, question paper, 2005 Testing Britishness

Acknowledgements Select Bibliography Where to Find the Documents Index

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