Intermediate Epidemiology by Magnus, Manya -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Brief Contents Contents Acknowledgments Preface: The Power of Method About the Author Chapter 1 Structures for Asking Questions Epidemiologic Methods Can Answer

Learning Objectives Why Methods Matter An Example of the Importance of Methods in Epidemiology Research Question and Hypothesis Development Operationalizing or Defining the Variables Considering Causality Considering the Importance of the Counterfactual Discussion Questions

Chapter 2 Descriptive Methods

Learning Objectives Background Describing Data Person, Place, and Time Descriptive Methods Taking Public Health Action Rates and Measures Direct and Indirect Standardization Types of Measures Incidence Measures Kaplan-Meier Methods for Calculation of Incidence Rates Prevalence Measures Relationship between Prevalence and Incidence Specialized Measures Discussion Questions

Chapter 3 Experimental Designs as a Foundation for Observational Studies

Learning Objectives Conceptualization of Experimental Studies Steps in a Randomized Controlled Trial Interpretation of Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial Quantitative Examples From Preclinical to Phase III Efficacy Trials Blinding Importance of Multidisciplinary Teams in Experimental Studies Community or Group Randomized Controlled Designs Ethical Considerations What to Expect If You Are Implementing a Randomized Controlled Trial Limitations Moving from Experimental to Observational Studies Discussion Questions

Chapter 4 Analytic Study Designs I: The Cohort Study

Learning Objectives From the Experimental to the Observational Types of Cohort Studies When to Use the Cohort Design How to Conduct a Cohort Study Quantitative Evaluation of Cohort Studies Limitations of the Cohort Study Strengths of the Cohort Study Natural and Quasi-Experiments Summary Discussion Questions

Chapter 5 Analytic Study Designs II: The Case-Control Study

Learning Objectives From the Cohort Study to the Case-Control Study A Historic Case-Control Example Case-Control Studies Following Outbreak Investigations Matching Control Selection How to Conduct a Case-Control Study Limitations and Strengths Discussion Questions

Learning Objectives The Cross-Sectional Study Sampling Strategies Variations on Probability Sampling Nonprobability Samples Strengths and Limitations of Cross-Sectional Studies Examples of Cross-Sectional Studies Implementation of Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Data Analysis Techniques Conclusion Discussion Questions

Chapter 7 Applied Analytic Approaches

Learning Objectives Introduction Study Design Summary Revisiting the 2 × 2 Table The Rare Disease Assumption The Relative Risk The Odds Ratio Quantitative Evaluation of Case-Control Studies The Relationship between the Odds Ratio and the Relative Risk The Prevalence Ratio The Prevalence Odds Ratio Interpreting the Measures of Association Exploring the Role of Chance Analytic Techniques Discussion Questions

Chapter 8 Confounding and Interaction

Learning Objectives Introduction: Defining Confounding and Interaction Confounding Interaction Steps to Identifying Confounding and Interaction in Practice Discussion Questions

Chapter 9 Threats to Internal and External Validity

Learning Objectives From Ideal Study Methods to Practical Realities: Real Issues in Study Implementation Misclassification The Concept of Bias Types of Bias Reducing Bias Discussion Questions

Chapter 10 Putting It All Together

Learning Objectives Study Implementation Quality Assurance Critically Reviewing the Literature The STROBE Statement and Related Checklists Putting Analysis into Practice Discussion Questions

Chapter 11 Monitoring and Evaluation: Where Epidemiology Fits In

Learning Objectives Introduction Evaluation Overview Differences and Similarities between Research and Evaluation Implementation Science Types of Evaluation Developing Evaluation Studies Evaluation Frameworks Example of an Evaluation in the Epidemiologic Context Discussion Questions

Chapter 12 Outbreak Investigations

Learning Objectives Outbreak Investigations: Descriptive Epidemiology with a Specific Purpose Steps in an Outbreak Investigation Data Collection Epidemic Curves Discussion Questions

Chapter 13 Surveillance Methods

Learning Objectives Methods in Practice Definition of Surveillance An Introduction to Surveillance Disease Reporting Characteristics That Make a Good Surveillance System Benefits of Surveillance Activities Bias in Surveillance Changing Case Definitions Discussion Questions

Appendix I: Public Health, Passion, Persistence: Using Descriptive Epidemiologic Data to Unwind a Mystery Appendix II: Epidemiology, Literature, and the Plague Literature Cited and Resource List Index