CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2012 · 51st Edition by McPhee, Stephen -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Authors Preface 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion

Prevention of Infectious Diseases Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention of Osteoporosis Prevention of Physical Inactivity Prevention of Overweight & Obesity Cancer Prevention Prevention of Injuries & Violence Prevention of Substance Abuse: Alcohol & Illicit Drugs

2. Common Symptoms

Cough Dyspnea Hemoptysis Chest Pain Palpitations Lower Extremity Edema Fever & Hyperthermia Involuntary Weight Loss Fatigue & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Acute Headache Dysuria

3. Preoperative Evaluation & Perioperative Management

Evaluation of the Asymptomatic Patient Cardiac Risk Assessment & Reduction Pulmonary Evaluation in Non–Lung Resection Surgery Evaluation of the Patient with Liver Disease Preoperative Hematologic Evaluation Neurologic Evaluation Management of Endocrine Diseases Kidney Disease Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Surgical Site Infections

4. Geriatric Disorders

General Principles of Geriatric Care Assessment of the Older Adult Management of Common Geriatric Problems

Dementia Depression Delirium Immobility Falls & Gait Disorders Urinary Incontinence Undernutrition & Frailty Pressure Ulcers Pharmacotherapy & Polypharmacy Vision Impairment Hearing Impairment Elder Abuse

5. Palliative Care & Pain Management

Definition & Scope of Palliative Care Pain Management

Principles of Pain Management Pain at the End of Life Pharmacologic Pain Management Strategies Nonpharmacologic Treatments

Palliation of Other Common Symptoms

Dyspnea Nausea & Vomiting Constipation Delirium & Agitation

End-of-Life Care

Tasks after Death

6. Dermatologic Disorders

Principles of Dermatologic Therapy Common Dermatoses

Pigmented Lesions Scaling Disorders Vesicular Dermatoses Weeping or Crusted Lesions Pustular Disorders Erythemas Blistering Diseases Papules Violaceous to Purple Papules & Nodules Pruritus (Itching) Inflammatory Nodules Epidermal Inclusion Cyst Photodermatitis Ulcers

Miscellaneous Dermatologic Disorders

Pigmentary Disorders Baldness (Alopecia) Nail Disorders Dermatitis Medicamentosa (Drug Eruption)

7. Disorders of the Eyes & Lids

Refractive Errors Disorders of the Lids & Lacrimal Apparatus Conjunctivitis Pinguecula & Pterygium Corneal Ulcer Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma Chronic Glaucoma Uveitis Cataract Retinal Detachment Vitreous Hemorrhage Age-Related Macular Degeneration Central & Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions Central & Branch Retinal Artery Occlusions Transient Monocular Blindness Retinal Disorders Associated with Systemic Diseases Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Optic Neuritis Optic Disk Swelling Ocular Motor Palsies Dysthyroid Eye Disease Orbital Cellulitis Ocular Trauma Ultraviolet Keratitis (Actinic Keratitis) Chemical Conjunctivitis & Keratitis Treatment of Ocular Disorders Precautions in Management of Ocular Disorders Adverse Ocular Effects of Systemic Drugs

8. Ear, Nose & Throat Disorders

Diseases of the Ear Diseases of the Nose & Paranasal Sinuses Diseases of the Oral Cavity & Pharynx Diseases of the Salivary Glands Diseases of the Larynx Tracheotomy & Cricothyrotomy Foreign Bodies in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract Diseases Presenting as Neck Masses

9. Pulmonary Disorders

Disorders of the Airways Pulmonary Infections Pulmonary Neoplasms Interstitial Lung Disease (Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease) Disorders of the Pulmonary Circulation Environmental & Occupational Lung Disorders Pleural Diseases Disorders of Control of Ventilation Acute Respiratory Failure Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

10. Heart Disease

Congenital Heart Disease Valvular Heart Disease Coronary Heart Disease (Atherosclerotic CAD, Ischemic Heart Disease) Disorders of Rate & Rhythm Bradycardias & Conduction Disturbances Congestive Heart Failure Myocarditis & the Cardiomyopathies Rheumatic Fever Diseases of the Pericardium Pulmonary Hypertension & Pulmonary Heart Disease Neoplastic Diseases of the Heart Cardiac Involvement in Miscellaneous Systemic Diseases Traumatic Heart Disease The Cardiac Patient & Surgery Heart Disease & Pregnancy Cardiovascular Screening of Athletes

11. Systemic Hypertension

How Is Blood Pressure Measured and Hypertension Diagnosed? Prehypertension Approach to Hypertension Drug Therapy: Current Antihypertensive Agents Resistant Hypertension Hypertensive Urgencies & Emergencies

12. Blood Vessel & Lymphatic Disorders

Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Nonatherosclerotic Vascular Disease Arterial Aneurysms Venous Diseases Diseases of the Lymphatic Channels Shock

13. Blood Disorders

Anemias Neutropenia Leukemias & Other Myeloproliferative Disorders Lymphomas Stem Cell Transplantation Blood Transfusions

14. Disorders of Hemostasis, Thrombosis, & Antithrombotic Therapy

Platelet Disorders Disorders of Coagulation Antithrombotic Therapy

15. Gastrointestinal Disorders

Symptoms & Signs of Gastrointestinal Disease Diseases of the Peritoneum Diseases of the Esophagus Diseases of the Stomach & Duodenum Diseases of the Small Intestine Diseases of the Colon & Rectum Anorectal Diseases

16. Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders

Jaundice Diseases of the Liver Diseases of the Biliary Tract Diseases of the Pancreas

17. Breast Disorders

Benign Breast Disorders

Fibrocystic Condition Fibroadenoma of the Breast Nipple Discharge Fat Necrosis Breast Abscess Disorders of the Augmented Breast

Carcinoma of the Female Breast Carcinoma of the Male Breast

18. Gynecologic Disorders

Abnormal Premenopausal Bleeding Postmenopausal Vaginal Bleeding Premenstrual Syndrome (Premenstrual Tension) Dysmenorrhea Vaginitis Cervical Polyps Cyst & Abscess of Bartholin Duct Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Dysplasia of the Cervix) Carcinoma of the Cervix Leiomyoma of the Uterus (Fibroid Tumor) Carcinoma of the Endometrium Carcinoma of the Vulva Endometriosis Pelvic Organ Prolapse Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (Salpingitis, Endometritis) Ovarian Cancer & Ovarian Tumors Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Female Sexual Dysfunction Infertility Contraception Rape Menopausal Syndrome

19. Obstetrics & Obstetric Disorders

Diagnosis of Pregnancy Essentials of Prenatal Care Nutrition in Pregnancy Prevention of Rhesus Alloimmunization Lactation Travel & Immunizations during Pregnancy Obstetric Complications of the First & Second Trimester

Vomiting of Pregnancy (Morning Sickness) & Hyperemesis Gravidarum (Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy) Spontaneous Abortion Recurrent (Habitual) Abortion Ectopic Pregnancy Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma)

Obstetric Complications of the Second & Third Trimester

Preeclampsia-Eclampsia Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy Preterm (Premature) Labor Third-Trimester Bleeding

Obstetric Complications of the Peripartum Period

Puerperal Mastitis Chorioamnionitis & Metritis

Medical Conditions Complicating Pregnancy

Anemia Antiphospholipid Syndrome Thyroid Disease Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Hypertensive Disease Heart Disease Asthma Seizure Disorders

Infectious Conditions Complicating Pregnancy

Urinary Tract Infection Group B Streptococcal Infection Varicella Tuberculosis HIV/AIDS during Pregnancy Maternal Hepatitis B & C Carrier State Herpes Genitalis Syphilis, Gonorrhea, & Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

Surgical Complications during Pregnancy

Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis, & Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Appendicitis Carcinoma of the Breast Ovarian Tumors

20. Musculoskeletal & Immunologic Disorders

Diagnosis & Evaluation Degenerative & Crystal-Induced Arthritis Pain Syndromes Autoimmune Diseases Vasculitis Syndromes Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies Infectious Arthritis Infections of Bones Other Rheumatic Disorders Allergic Diseases Atopic Disease Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders

21. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders

Disorders of Sodium Concentration Hyperosmolar Disorders & Osmolar Gaps Disorders of Potassium Concentration Disorders of Calcium Concentration Disorders of Phosphorus Concentration Disorders of Magnesium Concentration Acid–Base Disorders Fluid Management

22. Kidney Disease

Assessment of Kidney Disease Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure) Chronic Kidney Disease Glomerular Diseases Nephrotic Spectrum Disease in Primary Renal Disorders Nephrotic Spectrum Disease from Systemic Disorders Tubulointerstitial Diseases Cystic Diseases of the Kidney Multisystem Diseases with Variable Kidney Involvement

23. Urologic Disorders

Hematuria Genitourinary Tract Infections

Acute Cystitis Acute Pyelonephritis Acute Bacterial Prostatitis Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Nonbacterial Prostatitis Prostatodynia Acute Epididymitis

Interstitial Cystitis Urinary Stone Disease Male Erectile Dysfunction & Sexual Dysfunction Male Infertility Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

24. Nervous System Disorders

Headache Facial Pain Epilepsy Dysautonomia Sensory Disturbances Weakness & Paralysis Transient Ischemic Attacks Stroke Intracranial & Spinal Mass Lesions Nonmetastatic Neurologic Complications of Malignant Disease Pseudotumor Cerebri (Benign Intracranial Hypertension) Selected Neurocutaneous Diseases Movement Disorders Dementia Multiple Sclerosis Neuromyelitis Optica Vitamin E Deficiency Spasticity Myelopathies in AIDS Myelopathy of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Infection Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord Wernicke Encephalopathy Stupor & Coma Head Injury Spinal Trauma Syringomyelia Degenerative Motor Neuron Diseases Peripheral Neuropathies

Polyneuropathies & Mononeuritis Multiplex Mononeuropathies Bell Palsy

Discogenic Neck Pain Brachial & Lumbar Plexus Lesions Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission Myopathic Disorders Periodic Paralysis Syndromes

25. Psychiatric Disorders

Common Psychiatric Disorders Substance Use Disorders (Drug Dependency, Drug Abuse) Delirium & Other Cognitive Disorders (Formerly: Organic Brain Syndrome) Psychiatric Problems Associated with Hospitalization & Illness

26. Endocrine Disorders

Diseases of the Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland Diseases of the Thyroid Gland Diseases of the Parathyroids Metabolic Bone Disease Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex Pheochromocytoma & Paraganglioma Pancreatic & Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors Diseases of the Testes & Male Breast Amenorrhea & Menopause Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Clinical Use of Corticosteroids

27. Diabetes Mellitus & Hypoglycemia

Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Coma The Hypoglycemic States

28. Lipid Disorders

Lipoproteins & Atherogenesis Lipid Fractions & the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Therapeutic Effects of Lowering Cholesterol Secondary Conditions that Affect Lipid Metabolism Clinical Presentations Screening for High Blood Cholesterol Treatment of High Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol High Blood Triglycerides

29. Nutritional Disorders

Protein-Energy Malnutrition Obesity Eating Disorders Disorders of Vitamin Metabolism Diet Therapy Nutritional Support

30. Common Problems in Infectious Diseases & Antimicrobial Therapy

Common Problems in Infectious Diseases

Fever of Unknown Origin Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient Health Care–Associated Infections Infections of the Central Nervous System Animal & Human Bite Wounds Sexually Transmitted Diseases Infections in Drug Users Acute Infectious Diarrhea Infectious Diseases in the Returning Traveler Traveler's Diarrhea

Antimicrobial Therapy

Selected Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy Hypersensitivity Tests & Desensitization

Immunization Against Infectious Diseases

Recommended Immunization of Infants, Children, & Adolescents Recommended Immunization for Adults Recommended Immunization for Travelers Vaccine Safety

31. HIV Infection & AIDS

Epidemiology Etiology Pathogenesis Pathophysiology Clinical Findings Differential Diagnosis Prevention Treatment Course & Prognosis When to Refer When to Admit

32. Viral & Rickettsial Infections

Viral Diseases

Human Herpesviruses Major Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections Other Neurotropic Viruses Other Systemic Viral Diseases Common Viral Respiratory Infections Adenovirus Infections Other Exanthematous Viral Infections Viruses & Gastroenteritis Enteroviruses that Produce Several Syndromes

Rickettsial Diseases

Typhus Group Spotted Fevers Other Rickettsial & Rickettsial-Like Diseases Kawasaki Disease

33. Bacterial & Chlamydial Infections

Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria Infective Endocarditis Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria Actinomycosis Nocardiosis Infections Caused by Mycobacteria Infections Caused by Chlamydiae

34. Spirochetal Infections

Syphilis Non-Sexually Transmitted Treponematoses Selected Spirochetal Diseases

Relapsing Fever Rat-Bite Fever Leptospirosis Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis)

35. Protozoal & Helminthic Infections

Protozoal Infections

African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease) Leishmaniasis Malaria Babesiosis Toxoplasmosis Amebiasis Infections with Pathogenic Free-Living Amebas Coccidiosis (Cryptosporidiosis, Isosporiasis, Cyclosporiasis, Sarcocystosis) & Microsporidiosis Giardiasis Other Intestinal Flagellate Infections Trichomoniasis

Helminthic Infections

Trematode (Fluke) Infections Liver, Lung, & Intestinal Flukes Cestode Infections Intestinal Nematode (Roundworm) Infections Invasive Nematode (Roundworm) Infections Filariasis

36. Mycotic Infections

Candidiasis Histoplasmosis Coccidioidomycosis Pneumocystosis (Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia) Cryptococcosis Aspergillosis Mucormycosis Blastomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American Blastomycosis) Sporotrichosis Penicillium marneffei Infections Chromoblastomycosis (Chromomycosis) Mycetoma (Maduromycosis & Actinomycetoma) Other Opportunistic Mold Infections Antifungal Therapy

37. Disorders Related to Environmental Factors

Cold & Heat Burns Electrical Injury Radiation Exposure Near Drowning Other Disorders Related to Environmental Factors

38. Poisoning

Initial Evaluation: Poisoning or Overdose The Symptomatic Patient Antidotes & Other Treatment Diagnosis of Poisoning Selected Poisonings

39. Cancer

Etiology Modifiable Risk Factors Staging The Paraneoplastic Syndromes Types of Cancer

Lung Cancer Hepatobiliary Cancers Alimentary Tract Cancers Cancers of the Genitourinary Tract

Cancer Complications & Emergencies Primary Cancer Treatment

Systemic Cancer Therapy Toxicity & Dose Modification of Chemotherapeutic Agents Prognosis

40. Clinical Genetic Disorders

Acute Intermittent Porphyria Alkaptonuria Down Syndrome Fragile X Mental Retardation Gaucher Disease Disorders of Homocysteine Metabolism Klinefelter Syndrome Marfan Syndrome Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

41. Sports Medicine & Outpatient Orthopedics

General Approach to Musculoskeletal Injuries Shoulder

Subacromial Impingement Syndrome Rotator Cuff Tears Shoulder Dislocation & Instability Adhesive Capsulitis (“Frozen Shoulder”)

Spine Problems

Low Back Pain Spinal Stenosis Lumbar Disk Herniation Neck Pain

Upper Extremity

Lateral & Medial Epicondylosis Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Hip

Hip Fractures Osteoarthritis

Knee

Knee Pain Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Collateral Ligament Injury Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Meniscus Injuries Patellofemoral Pain Osteoarthritis

Ankle Injuries

Inversion Ankle Sprains Eversion (“High”) Ankle Sprains

Appendix: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pharmacogenetic Testing, & Laboratory Reference Intervals Index

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