[Routledge Companions 01] • The Routledge Companion to Islamic Philosophy by Taylor, Richard C. -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Acknowledgement Notes on the Contributors Introduction Part I: Philosophical Issues in Islamic Revelation and Theology

1. God and Creation in al-RāzĪ’s Commentary on the Qurʾān

Introduction Al-Rāzī and His Conception of the Creation of the World Creation in al-Rāzī’s al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr How Did God Create the World? The Creation of Human Beings Conclusion Further Reading References

2. Reasoning in the Qurʾān

Introduction Commands Rules Legal Arguments Comparison Contrast Categorical Syllogisms Conditional Syllogisms Disjunctive Syllogisms Conclusion Further Reading References

3. Ethical Issues in the Qurʾān and ḤadĪth

Introduction Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Humanity: Moral Reasoning and Choice Personal Ethics Ethics and Learning Wealth and its Ethical Purposes The Elderly Those in Need Right and Wrong Differences between People Religious Pluralism Women and Men Ultimate Values and Global Responsibility Planet Earth and Ecology Conclusion Further Reading References

4. Human Reason in Islamic Theology

Introduction Reason, Revelation, and the Kalām Mu‘tazilite Monotheism and Theodicy The Ash‘arites and the Problem of the Three Brothers Al-Ghazālī’s Contributions Conclusion Further Reading References

5. Jurisprudence and Political Philosophy in Medieval Islam

Introduction Islamic Jurisprudence in Medieval Muslim Society Islamic Political Philosophy in Light of Jurisprudence Al-Fārābī on Virtuosity and the Virtuous City Conclusion Further Reading References

Part II: Logic, Language, and the Structure of Science

6. Logic and Language

Introduction Logic Logic and Language Language Conclusion Further Reading References

7. Rhetoric, Poetics, and the Organon

Introduction The Inclusion of the Rhetoric and the Poetics in the Organon Rhetoric Poetry Conclusion Further Reading References

8. Demonstration and Dialectic in Islamic Philosophy

Introduction Plato and Aristotle Greek Teachings on Dialectic and Intuition (noûs) in the Islamic Philosophical Tradition Ibn Sīnā on Dialectic and Demonstration Ibn Rushd on Dialectic and Demonstration Conclusion Further Reading References

9. The Structure and Methods of the Sciences

Introduction From Late Antique Prolegomena to Classifications of the Sciences Construing the System: First Principles, Subject Matter and Subordination Innovating Methods: Induction vs. Experimentation Conclusion Further Reading References

Part III: Philosophy in the Natural Sciences

10. The Establishment of the Principles of Natural Philosophy

Introduction The Cosmos of Ancient and Medieval Natural Philosophy The Concept of Nature Principles of Nature: Privation, Matter, and Physical Bodies Principles of Nature: Form Natural Causation Conclusion Further Reading References

11. Causality in Islamic Philosophy

Introduction Ibn Sīnā on Causality Al-Ghazālī and the Criticism of Causality Conclusion Further Reading References

12. The Eternity of the World

Introduction Eternal Movement and the Eternity of the World: Aristotle’s Three Demonstrations Eternity of the World and Eternal Movement According to al-Fārābī Radical Eternalism: Ibn Rushd against Ibn Sīnā on Natural Necessity and Providence Conclusion AcKnowledge Further Reading References

13. Arabic Cosmology and the Physics of Cosmic Motion

Introduction Classical Greek Cosmology and the Questions it Raises for Arabic Philosophy Al-Kindī and the Neoplatonica Arabica Al-Fārābī and the Baghdad School Ibn Sīnā Ibn Rushd Conclusion Further Reading References

14. Body, Soul, and Sense in Nature

Introduction Ibn Sīnā’s Conception of the Soul and its Relationship to the Body Ibn Rushd’s Conception of the Soul and its Relationship to the Body Conclusion Further Reading References

Part IV: Metaphysics

15. Establishing the Science of Metaphysics

Introduction Metaphysics as an Aristotelian Science: the Model of the Posterior Analytics The Centrality of Ibn Sīnā’s Account of Metaphysics The Success of Ibn Sīnā’s Model Conclusion Further Reading References

16. Forms of Hylomorphism

Introduction Ibn Sīnā’s Neoplatonized Aristotelian Hylomorphism: On Prime Matter, Corporeal Form and Simplicius Ibn Sīnā’s Neoplatonized Aristotelian Hylomorphism: On Plotinus, Proclus, and the Emanation of Bodies from Intellect Ibn Sīnā’s Neoplatonized Aristotelian Hylomorphism: On the Aristotelian Aspects of His View Avicennian Hylomorphism and Negative Matter Association Hylomorphism in Shahrastani Ps. Empedoclean Hylomorphism: Primal Matter as Love + Strife in Corporeal and Spiritual Beings The Impetus Behind the View: Neoplatonic Emanation, Pure Unspecified Being, and the Dependence of Beings Upon their Source Ps. Empedoclean Tradition in Jewish and Islamic Contexts Greek Backgrounds to Islamic Ps. Empedoclean Hylomorphism Ps. Empedoclean Hylomorphism and Positive Matter Associations Ps. Empedoclean v. Avicennian Conceptions of Matter: On the Locus of Desire, and the First Reality After God Conclusion Further Reading References

17. Essence and Existence in Ibn SĪnā

Introduction Metaphysics and “Science” Metaphysical “Definitions”: “Thing” and “Quiddity” Metaphysical “Definitions”: “Being” and “Existence” Metaphysical “Definitions”: “Necessary,” “Possible,” “Impossible” Metaphysical “Suppositions”: “Necessary Existence” and “Possible Existence” Metaphysical Conclusions: Substances and Accidents Metaphysical Conclusions: The Causes Metaphysical Conclusions: Angels or Intelligences Conclusion Further Reading References

18. Primary and Secondary Causality

Proclus as Source of the Doctrine of Primary and Secondary Causality Primary and Secondary Causality as Creation in the Kalām fī maḥḍ al-khair Primary and Secondary Causality in the Metaphysics of Ibn Sīnā Conclusion Further Reading References

19. Metaphysics of God

Introduction Ibn Sīnā’s “New” Metaphysics Conclusion Further Reading References

20. Creation in Islam from the Qurʾān to Al-FārābĪ

Introduction Creation in the Qurʾān Creation in the Kalām: Mu‘tazilites vs. Ash‘arites Creation in al-Kindī Creation in John Philoponus Creation in the Neoplatonica Arabica Creation in Ismā‘īlī Thought Creation in the Brethren of Purity Creation in al-Fārābī Conclusion Further Reading References

Part V: Ethics and Political Philosophy

21: External and Internal Human Senses

Introduction The Extension of the Domain of Perception Knowing the World: Sensible and Non-Sensible Entities The Value and Signification of Knowledge Gained Through the Senses Conclusion Further Reading References

22. The Epistemology of Abstraction

Introduction al-Fārābī (d. 950/951) Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037) Ibn Rushd (d. 1198) Conclusion Further Reading References

23. Human Knowledge and Separate Intellect

Introduction Interpreting Aristotle The Philosophical Context Al-Kindī and the First Theories Al-Fārābī Ibn Sīnā Conclusion Further Reading References

24. Intellect and the Intelligible in Unity

Introduction Intellection as Unity Knowledge of Concepts vs. Knowledge of Things as They Are Being in This World Ṣadrā and His Sources Conclusion Further Reading References

Part VI : Ethics and Political Philosophy

25. The Ethics and Metaphysics of Divine Command Theory

Introduction Al-Ashʿarī’s DCT Criticisms of DCT Divine Purposes Theory (maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa) Conclusion Further Reading References

26. Freedom and Determinism

Introduction Theological Positions Philosophical Positions Logical, Metaphysical, and Physical Determinism Conclusion Further Reading References

27. Principles of the Philosophy of State

Introduction Philosophical Soteriology and Religion Language, Meaning, and Metaphysics Conclusion Further Reading References

28. Natural and Revealed Religion

Introduction The Roadmap: Ibn Ṭufayl The Model: al-Fārābī A First Comparison: Philosophical Perspectives The Solitary Alternative: Ibn Bājja From a Different Angle: Theological Perspectives Conclusion Further Reading References

29. Law and Society

Introduction The Place of Religion in the City Laws Conducive to the Well-Being of the City The Place of the Philosopher in the City and the Virtuous Regime Conclusion Further Reading References

30. The Ethical Treatment of Animals

Introduction Al-Rāzī Ikhwān al-Ṣafā’ Ibn Ṭufayl Conclusion Acknowledge Further Reading References

Part VII: Philosophy, Religion, and Mysticism

31. Philosophy and Prophecy

Introduction Aristotle’s Psychology and the Corrupted Arabic Version of the Parva Naturalia Al-Kindī on Prophecy Al-Fārābī on Prophecy Ibn Sīnā on Prophecy Al-Ghazālī on Prophecy Conclusion Further Reading References

32. Philosophical Sufism

Introduction Ontology Theology Cosmology and Anthropology Conclusion Further Reading References

33. Religious Readings of Philosophy

Introduction Before Ibn Sīnā Post-Avicennian Approach Conclusion Further Reading References

Index

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