Speculative Freemasonry and the Enlightenment · A Study of the Craft in London, Paris, Prague, Vienna and Philadelphia, 2d Ed. by Weisberger, R. William -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Acknowledgments Preface Introduction

The Problem and Thesis The Historiography of Eighteenth-Century Masonry The Enlightenment

Enlightenment Objectives The Enlightenment in Augustan England French Enlightenment Patterns Enlightenment Patterns in the Habsburg Empire

Speculative Freemasonry in Early Hanoverian London

The Evolution of the Modern London Grand Lodge

From Operative to Speculative Freemasonry J. T. Desaguliers and the Modern London Grand Lodge The Rites of Modern English Speculative Freemasonry The Functions of Modern London Lodges during the Augustan Era

The Cultural Functions of Modern London Masonic Enlighteners

Desaguliers and Other Masonic Mechanists Literature and Modern English Masons The Fine Arts and English Masons Whigs, Tories and Masons

The Demise of Modern Masonry in Eighteenth Century London

Parisian Masonry, the Lodge of the Nine Sisters and the French Enlightenment

The Evolution of Masonic Systems in Paris

The Origins and Operations of the Grand Lodge of France The Scottish Rite and Masonic Rivalry in Paris The Grand Orient and the Parisian Masonic Compromise

The Origins, Organization and Operations of the Parisian Lodge of the Nine Sisters

The Establishment of the Lodge of the Nine Sisters The Structure and Leadership of the Nine Sisters Cultural Operations and Special Projects of the Nine Sisters

The Cultural Functions of Enlighteners of the Nine Sisters

Mechanists of the Nine Sisters The Materialists of the Lodge Neoclassicism and the Nine Sisters Perceptions of Lodge Members of America Lodge Proponents of State Reforms

The French Revolution and the Disappearance of the Nine Sisters

Prague and Viennese Freemasonry, the Enlightenment and the Operations of the True Harmony Lodge of Vienna

The Organization, Ritualism, and Cultural Operations of Prague Freemasonry

The Prague Lodge of the Three Stars: A Mecca of Blue Lodge Masonry in Bohemia The Supremacy of Strict Observance Masonry in Prague

The Structure, Rites, and Cultural Operations of Viennese Freemasonry

Blue Lodge Masonry in Vienna Strict Observance Masonry in Vienna The Zinnendorf System and the Viennese Masonic Achievement

The Origins, Structure and Operations of the True Harmony Lodge

The Creation of the True Harmony Lodge The Organization, Officers and Cultural Projects of the True Harmony Lodge

The Cultural Functions of Members of the True Harmony Lodge

Geology and the True Harmony The Mechanists of the True Harmony Lodge Proponents of State Reform Members of the True Harmony and a Masonic Philosophy of the Enlightenment Masonic Musicians and the True Harmony Lodge Revolutionary Threats and the Closing of the True Harmony Lodge

Conclusion: An Evaluation of Eighteenth Century Speculative Freemasonry in London, Paris, Prague and Vienna

The Organization of Speculative Freemasonry The Cultural Functions of Masonic Rites The Social Composition of Masonry Masonic Intellectuals and Enlightenment Ideologies

Involvement of Masons in Eighteenth Century Cultural Institutions

APPENDIX 1

Lodges

APPENDIX 2

Benjamin Franklin: A Masonic Enlightener in Paris

APPENDIX 3

Freemasonry as a Source of Jewish Civic Rights in Late Eighteenth-Century Vienna and Philadelphia: A Study in Atlantic History

The Enlightenment Reform Program of Joseph II and the Jews of Vienna High Degree Masonry, the Viennese True Harmony Lodge and Joseph II’s Jewish Reforms The Civil Status of Colonial Jews and High Degree Masonry in Eighteenth-Century America The Philadelphia Lodge of Perfection and the American Revolution Conclusion: Successes, Failures and Implications

Chapter Notes

Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Conclusion Appendix 2 Appendix 3

Bibliography

Masonic Bibliographies and Catalogues General Titles Works Concerning 18th Century English History and Masonry

Primary Sources Secondary Works Periodical Literature

Works Regarding 18th Century French History and Masonry

Primary Sources Secondary Works Periodical Literature

Works Concerning 18th Century Habsburg History and Masonry

Primary Sources

Primary Printed Materials Letters

Secondary Works Periodical Literature

List of Names and Terms

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