IoT and Edge Computing for Architects, Second Edition by Perry Lea -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Part 1 – Sensing and power Part 2 – Data communication Part 3 – Edge computing Part 4 – Compute, analytics, and machine learning Part 5 – Threat and security in IoT Summary

Sensors, Endpoints, and Power Systems

Sensing devices

Thermocouples and temperature sensing

Thermocouples Resistance temperature detectors Thermistors Temperature sensor summary

Hall effect sensors and current sensors Photoelectric sensors PIR sensors LiDAR and active sensing systems MEMS sensors

MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes MEMS microphones MEMS pressure sensors

High performance IoT endpoints

Vision systems Sensor fusion Output devices

Functional examples (putting it all together)

Functional example – TI SensorTag CC2650 Sensor to controller

Energy sources and power management

Power management Energy harvesting

Solar harvesting Piezo-mechanical harvesting RF energy harvesting Thermal harvesting

Energy storage

Energy and power models Batteries Supercapacitors Radioactive power sources Energy storage summary and other forms of power

Summary

Communications and Information Theory

Communication theory

RF energy and theoretical range RF interference

Information theory

Bitrate limits and the Shannon-Hartley theorem Bit error rate Narrowband versus wideband communication

The radio spectrum

Governing structure

Summary

Non-IP Based WPAN

802.15 standards Bluetooth

Bluetooth history Bluetooth 5 communication process and topologies Bluetooth 5 stack

Bluetooth stack elements Bluetooth 5 PHY and interference

BR/EDR operation BLE roles BLE operation Bluetooth profiles BR/EDR security

BLE security

Beaconing Bluetooth 5 range and speed enhancement Bluetooth mesh

Bluetooth mesh Bluetooth mesh topology Bluetooth mesh addressing modes Bluetooth mesh provisioning

Bluetooth 5.1 technology

Bluetooth 5.1 direction finding Bluetooth 5.1 GATT caching Bluetooth 5.1 randomized advertising channel indexing Bluetooth 5.1 periodic advertising sync transfer Bluetooth 5.1 minor enhancements

IEEE 802.15.4

IEEE 802.15.4 architecture IEEE 802.15.4 topology IEEE 802.15.4 address modes and packet structure IEEE 802.15.4 start-up sequence IEEE 802.15.4 security

Zigbee

Zigbee history Zigbee overview Zigbee PHY and MAC (and difference from IEEE 802.15.4) Zigbee protocol stack Zigbee addressing and packet structure Zigbee mesh routing

Zigbee association

Zigbee security

Z-Wave

Z-Wave overview Z-Wave protocol stack Z-Wave addressing Z-Wave topology and routing

Summary

IP-Based WPAN and WLAN

TCP/IP WPAN with IP – 6LoWPAN IEEE 802.11 protocols and WLAN

IEEE 802.11 suite of protocols and comparison IEEE 802.11 architecture IEEE 802.11 spectrum allocation IEEE 802.11 modulation and encoding techniques IEEE 802.11 MIMO IEEE 802.11 packet structure IEEE 802.11 operation IEEE 802.11 security IEEE 802.11ac IEEE 802.11p vehicle-to-vehicle IEEE 802.11ah 6LoWPAN topologies 6LoWPAN protocol stack Mesh addressing and routing Header compression and fragmentation Neighbor discovery 6LoWPAN security

WPAN with IP – Thread

Thread architecture and topology The Thread protocol stack Thread routing Thread addressing Neighbor discovery

Summary

Long-Range Communication Systems and Protocols (WAN)

Cellular connectivity

Governance models and standards Cellular access technologies 3GPP user equipment categories 4G LTE spectrum allocation and bands 4G LTE topology and architecture 4G LTE E-UTRAN protocol stack 4G LTE geographical areas, dataflow, and handover procedures 4G LTE packet structure Cat-0, Cat-1, Cat-M1, and NB-IoT

LTE Cat-0 LTE Cat-1 LTE Cat-M1 (eMTC) LTE Cat-NB

Multefire, CBRS, and shared spectrum cellular 5G

5G frequency distribution 5G RAN architecture 5G Core architecture 5G security and registration Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLCC) Fine-grain time-division duplexing (TDD) and low-latency HARQ Network slicing 5G energy considerations

LoRa and LoRaWAN

LoRa physical layer LoRaWAN MAC layer LoRaWAN topology LoRaWAN summary

Sigfox

Sigfox physical layer Sigfox MAC layer Sigfox protocol stack Sigfox topology

Summary

Edge Computing

Edge purpose and definition Edge use cases Edge hardware architectures

Processors

Speed and power Registers Instruction set architectures (ISAs) Endianness Processor parallelism Caches and memory hierarchy Other processor characteristics

DRAM and volatile memory Storage and non-volatile memory

Storage classes and interfaces NAND flash memory design and considerations

Low-speed IO High-speed IO Hardware assist and coprocessing Boot and security modules Examples of edge hardware Ingress protection

Operating systems

Operating system choice points Typical boot process Operating system tuning

Edge platforms

Virtualization Containers

Container architecture An Edge platform ‒ Microsoft Azure IoT Edge

Use cases for edge computing

Ambient computing Synthetic sensing

Summary

Edge Routing and Networking

TCP/IP network functions at the edge

Routing functions PAN-to-WAN bridging Failover and out-of-band management

Edge-level network security

VLANs VPN Traffic shaping and QoS Security functions Metrics and analytics

Software-defined networking

SDN architecture Traditional internetworking SDN benefits

Summary

Edge to Cloud Protocols

Protocols MQTT

MQTT publish-subscribe MQTT architecture details MQTT state transitions MQTT packet structure MQTT data types MQTT communication formats MQTT 3.1.1 working example

MQTT-SN

MQTT-SN architecture and topology Transparent and aggregating gateways Gateway advertisement and discovery Differences between MQTT and MQTT-SN Choosing a MQTT broker

Constrained Application Protocol

CoAP architecture details CoAP messaging formats CoAP usage example

Other protocols

STOMP AMQP

Protocol summary and comparison Summary

Cloud and Fog Topologies

Cloud services model

NaaS SaaS PaaS IaaS

Public, private, and hybrid cloud

Private cloud Public cloud Hybrid cloud

The OpenStack cloud architecture

Keystone – identity and service management Glance – image service Nova compute Swift – object storage Neutron – networking services Cinder – block storage Horizon Heat – orchestration (optional) Ceilometer – telemetry (optional)

Constraints of cloud architectures for IoT

Latency effect

Fog computing

The Hadoop philosophy for fog computing Comparing fog, edge, cloud, and mist computing OpenFog reference architecture

Application services Application support Node management and software backplane Hardware virtualization OpenFog node security Network Accelerators Compute Storage Hardware platform infrastructure Protocol abstraction Sensors, actuators, and control systems

EdgeX

EdgeX architecture EdgeX projects and additional components

Amazon Greengrass and Lambda Fog topologies

Summary

Data Analytics and Machine Learning in the Cloud and Edge

Basic data analytics in IoT

Top-level cloud pipeline Rules engines Ingestion – streaming, processing, and data lakes Complex event processing Lambda architecture Sector use cases

Machine learning in IoT

A brief history of AI and machine learning milestones Machine learning models Classification Regression Random forest Bayesian models Convolutional neural networks

First layer and filters Max pooling and subsampling The fundamental deep learning model CNN examples Vernacular of CNNs Forward propagation, CNN training, and backpropagation

Recurrent neural networks Training and inference for IoT

IoT data analytics and machine learning comparison and assessment Summary

IoT and Edge Security

Cybersecurity vernacular

Attack and threat terms Defense terms

Anatomy of IoT cyber attacks

Mirai Stuxnet Chain Reaction

Physical and hardware security

RoT Key management and trusted platform modules Processor and memory space Storage security Physical security

Shell security Cryptography

Symmetric cryptography Asymmetric cryptography Cryptographic hash (authentication and signing) Public key infrastructure Network stack – Transport Layer Security

Software-Defined Perimeter

SDP architecture

Blockchains and cryptocurrencies in IoT

Bitcoin (blockchain-based) IOTA and directed acyclical graph-based (DAG) trust models

Government regulations and intervention

US Congressional Bill – Internet of Things (IoT) Cybersecurity Improvement Act of 2017 Other governmental bodies

IoT security best practices

Holistic security Security checklist

Summary

Consortiums and Communities

PAN consortia

Bluetooth Thread Group Zigbee Alliance Miscellaneous

Protocol consortia

Open Connectivity Foundation and Allseen Alliance OASIS Object Management Group OMA Specworks Miscellaneous

WAN consortia

Weightless SIG LoRa Alliance Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Wi-Fi Alliance

Fog and edge consortia

OpenFog Eclipse Foundation and EdgeX Foundry

Umbrella organizations

Industrial Internet Consortium IEEE IoT Miscellaneous

US government IoT and security entities Industrial and Commercial IoT and Edge

Commercial and industrial sensor and MEMS manufacturers and vendors Silicon, microprocessor, and component manufacturers PAN communication companies WAN technology companies Edge computing and solutions companies Operating system, middleware, and software companies Cloud providers

Summary

Other Books You May Enjoy Index

← Prev
Back
Next →

← Prev
Back
Next →