Garden Insects of North America by Cranshaw, Whitney -- Read -- Imperial Library of Trantor

Index

Cover Page Title Page Dedication Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chapter One Introduction to Garden Insects and their Relatives

Arthropod Growth and Metamorphosis Insect Orders Identification of Immature Stages of Arthropods Excreted and Secreted Products Useful in Diagnosing Garden Arthropods and Slugs Body Parts Useful in Diagnosing Garden Arthropods Common Types of Plant Injuries Caused by Insects Plant Pathogens Transmitted by Insects and Mites

Chapter Two Insects that Chew on Leaves and Needles

Grasshoppers Field Crickets

Other Crickets and Katydids

Common (Northern) Walkingstick

Related Species

European Earwig

Other Earwigs

Cockroaches Imported Cabbageworm

Other Sulfur and White Butterflies

Swallowtails

Parsleyworm/Black Swallowtail Other Swallowtails

Brushfooted Butterflies

Painted Lady/Thistle Caterpillar Other Brushfooted Butterflies

Hornworms and Sphinx Moths

Tomato Hornworm and Tobacco Hornworm Other Common Hornworms

Prominent Moths/Notodontids

Walnut Caterpillar Other Notodontids/Prominent Moths on Shade Trees

Giant Silkworms/Royal Moths

Cecropia Moth Other Giant Silkworms/Royal Moths

Slug Caterpillars/Flannel Moths and Other Stinging Caterpillars Tussock Moths

Whitemarked Tussock Moth Related and Similar Species

Gypsy Moth Woollybears Climbing Cutworms and Armyworms

Variegated Cutworm Fall Armyworm Beet Armyworm Other Climbing Cutworms and Armyworms

Loopers

Cabbage Looper Other Common Garden Loopers

Cankerworms, Inchworms, and Spanworms

Fall Cankerworm Other Cankerworms, Inchworms, and Spanworms

Diamondback Moth Skeletonizers Bagworms and Casebearers

Bagworm Other Bagworms Casebearers Caterpillars that Produce Cases of Leaf Fragments

Caterpillars that Produce Small Silken Shelters

Sod Webworms “Garden Webworms”

Fruittree Leafroller

Other Leafrollers, Leaffolders, and Leaftiers

Skippers Caterpillars that Produce Large Silken Shelters and Tents

Mimosa Webworm Other Webworms Fall Webworm Eastern Tent Caterpillar Other Tent Caterpillars Other Tent-making Caterpillars

Webspinning Sawflies Sawflies

European Pine Sawfly Other Conifer Sawflies Imported Currantworm/Currant Sawfly Other Common Sawflies Other Sawflies that Chew on Leaves

Pearslug (Pear Sawfly, Cherry Slug)

Other Slug Sawflies

Texas Leafcutting Ant Leafcutter Bees Leaf Beetles

Colorado Potato Beetle Asparagus Beetle Related Species Striped Cucumber Beetle Related Species

Other Leaf Beetle Defoliators Tortoise Beetles

Golden Tortoise Beetle Other Common Tortoise Beetles

Case-bearing Leaf Beetles Leaf Beetles that Skeletonize Leaves Leaf Beetles of Aquatic Plants Flea Beetles

Flea Beetles with Larvae that Develop on Foliage Crucifer Flea Beetle Other Flea Beetles with Larvae that Feed on Roots

Leaf-feeding Weevils Japanese Beetle

Other Leaf-feeding Scarabs

Mexican Bean Beetle

Other Leaf-feeding Lady Beetles

Blister Beetles Slugs and Snails

Gray Garden Slug Other Garden Slugs Brown Garden Snail Other Garden Snails

Leafminers and Needleminers

Vegetable Leafminer Related Species Other Serpentine-type Leafmining Flies and Caterpillars

European Elm Flea Weevil

Other Leafmining Weevils

Locust Leafminer

Other Blotch Leafmining Beetles

Holly Leafminers

Spinach Leafminer Other Leafmining Flies

Birch Leafminer

Other Leafmining Sawflies

Lilac Leafminer

Other Lepidopteran Leafminers

Tentiform Leafminers Needleminers Gall Wasps that Develop on Leaves

Other Gall-making Wasps that Develop on Leaves

Gall-making Flies that Develop on Leaves

Chapter Three Insects and Mites that Suck Fluids from Leaves and Needles

Whiteflies

Greenhouse Whitefly Other Whiteflies

Aphids

Green Peach Aphid Cotton/Melon Aphid Cabbage Aphid

“Woolly Aphids” Mealybugs Associated Primarily with Foliage

Citrus Mealybug Longtailed Mealybug Other Mealybugs Observed on Foliage

Cochineal Scales Soft Scales Associated Primarily with Foliage

Brown Soft Scale Other Soft Scales Observed on Foliage

Armored Scales Observed Primarily on Foliage

Pine Needle Scale Other Armored Scales Observed on Foliage

Psyllids

Potato/Tomato Psyllid Pear Psylla Other Psyllids

Leafhoppers

Potato Leafhopper Related Species Rose Leafhopper

Other Mesophyll-feeding Leafhoppers

Aster (or Sixspotted) Leafhopper

Miscellaneous Leafhoppers that Feed on Phloem Leaffooted Bugs Associated with Foliage

Squash Bug Related Species

Plant Bugs

Fourlined Plant Bug Garden Fleahopper Other Leaf-feeding Plant Bugs

Hairy Chinch Bug

Related and Similar Species

Stink Bugs that Feed Primarily on Leaves Lace Bugs Thrips

Onion Thrips Other Thrips Associated with Foliage

Spider Mites

Twospotted Spider Mite Related Species European Red Mite Spruce Spider Mite Related Species Clover Mite Related Species Other Turfgrass Mites

Tarsonemid Mites

Cyclamen Mite Related Species

False Spider Mites Rust Mites Gall-making Aphids

Grape Phylloxera Other Phylloxeran Leaf Gall Producers Hackberry Nipplegall Maker Other Gall-making Psyllids on Hackberry Other Psyllids that Distort or Produce Galls on Foliage

Eriophyid Mites that Produce Leaf or Bud Galls

Chapter Four Insects Associated with Stems, Twigs, Shoots, and Canes

European Pine Shoot Moth

Other Moths that Develop in Shoots and Terminal Growth of Conifers

White Pine Weevil

Other Beetles that Develop in Shoots and Terminal Growth of Conifers

Flies that Develop in Shoots and Twigs of Conifers Moths that Develop in Shoots, Twigs, and Canes of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs Rose Shoot Sawfly and Raspberry Horntail

Other Sawfly Shoot and Stem Borers

Rednecked Cane Borer

Related Species

Other Beetles Associated with Twigs and Small Branches Flies that Develop in Shoots, Twigs, and Canes of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs Squash Vine Borer European Corn Borer

Other Stem-boring Moths of Herbaceous Plants

Sawflies that Develop in Stems of Herbaceous Plants Beetles that Develop in Stems of Herbaceous Plants Flies that Develop in Stems of Herbaceous Plants Pith-nesting Bees and Wasps Aphids that Develop on Stems, Twigs, Shoots, and Canes

Woolly Apple Aphid Other Woolly Aphids on Twigs, Branches, and Trunks

Adelgids that Develop on Twigs and Terminals of Conifers

Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Other Adelgids Associated with Twigs and Terminals of Conifers

Mealybugs Associated Primarily with Stems and Twigs Eriococcid Scales Commonly Observed on Twigs

European Elm Scale Other Eriococcid Scales

Soft Scales Observed Primarily on Twigs

European Fruit Lecanium Other Lecanium-type Soft Scales Striped Pine Scale Related and Similar Species Cottony Maple Scale Other Soft Scales Associated Primarily with Twigs

Margarodid Scales Associated Primarily with Twigs

Cottony Cushion Scale Other Margarodid Scales

Armored Scales that Develop Primarily on Small Branches and Twigs

Oystershell Scale Other Armored Scales Associated with Twigs and Branches

Kermes, Pit, and Falsepit Scales Spittlebugs Planthoppers Treehoppers

Buffalo Treehopper Other Treehoppers

Cicadas

Periodical Cicadas Other Cicadas

Twig Wounding Produced by Egg Laying and Oviposition Injuries Gall Wasps Associated with Twigs and Small Branches

Oak Rough Bulletgall Wasp Related Species Horned Oak Gall Wasp Related Species Rose Gall Wasps Other Gall Wasps

Flies and Caterpillars that Produce Galls in Stems and Twigs Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid

Other Gall-making Adelgids

Chapter Five Insects Associated with Large Branches and the Trunk of Trees and Shrubs

Clearwing Borers

Ash/Lilac Borer Other Clearwing Borers Associated with Trunks and Branches

Carpenterworm

Other Carpenterworms

Zimmerman Pine Moth

Other Pyralid Borers

Metallic Wood Borers/Flatheaded Borers

Bronze Birch Borer Emerald Ash Borer Related Species Flatheaded Appletree Borer Related Species

Longhorned Beetles/Roundheaded Borers

Locust Borer Related Species Poplar Borer Related Species Other Longhorned Beetles Commonly Found in Trees and Shrubs

Poplar and Willow Borer

Other Trunk-boring Weevils

Horntails

Pigeon Tremex Other Horntails

Bark Beetles

Shothole Borer Related Species Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle Other Elm Bark Beetles Ash Bark Beetles Southern Pine Beetle and Relatives Ips Beetles

Ambrosia Beetles

Chapter Six Insects and Other Invertebrates Associated with Roots, Tubers, Soil, and the Soil Surface

White Grubs

Northern Masked Chafer Related Species Other White Grubs Associated with Turfgrass White Grubs Associated Primarily with Garden Plants

Root Weevils

Black Vine Weevil Other Root-damaging Weevils Sweetpotato Weevil Other Vegetable Weevils

Bluegrass Billbug

Other Billbugs

Wireworms Western Corn Rootworm

Other Leaf Beetles that Develop on Roots and Tubers

Peachtree Borer Iris Borer

Other Crown-boring Caterpillars

Subterranean and Surface-feeding Cutworms

Black Cutworm

Other Surface-feeding and Subterranean Caterpillars Roundheaded Borers that Feed on Roots Root Maggots and Bulb Flies

Cabbage Maggot Other Root Maggots Narcissus Bulb Fly Other Bulb Flies

Carrot Rust Fly European Crane Fly

Other Flies Associated with the Root Area of Turfgrass

Fungus Gnats

Other Small Flies Associated with Indoor Plant Production

Flies Associated with Decaying Organic Matter and Compost Mole Crickets

Tawny Mole Cricket Other Crickets Associated with Soil

Subterranean Termites Ants

Red Imported Fire Ant Other Ants Common in Yards and Gardens

Root Aphids and Other Sucking Insects Sowbugs and Pillbugs Other Land-adapted Crustaceans Millipedes Springtails Symphylans Soil-dwelling Mites Earthworms

Chapter Seven Insects and Mites Associated with Flowers, Fruits, Nuts, and Seeds

Codling Moth

Related Species

Oriental Fruit Moth

Related Species

Tobacco Budworm

Related Species

Corn Earworm/Tomato Fruitworm/Bollworm

Other Fruit-infesting Cutworms

Pickleworm

Related Species

Other Fruit- and Seed-infesting Caterpillars Fruit-infesting Sawflies

Related Species

Scarab Beetles Found at Fruit and Flowers Sap Beetles and other Fruit-damaging Beetles

Dusky Sap Beetle Other Sap Beetles Other Fruit-damaging Beetles

Pollen-feeding Beetles Common at Flowers Fruit, Flower, and Seed Weevils

Plum Curculio Rose Curculio and Western Rose Curculio Other Seed-, Fruit-, and Flower-damaging Weevils

Fruit Flies

Apple Maggot Related Fruit-infesting Flies

Spotted-wing Drosophila

Other Vinegar Flies and Small Fruit Flies

Rose Midge

Other Gall Midges Damaging to Buds, Flowers and Fruit

Yellowjackets and Hornets

Western Yellowjacket Other Yellowjackets and Hornets

Gall Wasps Affecting Nuts Western Flower Thrips

Related Species

Tarnished Plant Bug

Related Species

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug

Other Stink Bugs that Feed on Flowers, Fruit, and Seeds

Boxelder Bug

Related and Similar Species

Western Conifer-seed Bug

Related Species

Scales and Mealybugs Associated with Fruit Injuries Eriophyid Mites that Damage Fruits and Flowers

Chapter Eight Natural Enemies of Insects and Pollinators: The “Beneficial Bugs”

Predators of Insects and Mites

Lady Beetles (Ladybugs, Ladybird Beetles) Ground Beetles Rove Beetles Soldier Beetles Blister Beetles Fireflies/Lightningbugs Soft-winged Flower Beetles Clerid Beetles Cybocephalid Beetles Green Lacewings Brown Lacewings Dustywings Antlions Syrphid Flies (Flower Flies, Hover Flies) Predatory Midges Longlegged and Dance Flies Robber Flies Bee Flies Predatory Thrips Predatory Stink Bugs Assassin Bugs Damsel Bugs Predatory Plant Bugs Big-eyed Bugs Minute Pirate Bugs Mantids Earwigs Dragonflies and Damselflies Crab Spiders Jumping Spiders Wolf Spiders Nursery Web Spiders Dysderid Spiders Orbweavers Longjawed and Orchard Orbweavers Cobweb Weaver Spiders Lynx Spiders Funnel Weavers Prowling Spiders Cellar Spiders Brown or Recluse Spiders Daddy Longlegs/Harvestmen Predatory Mites Centipedes Predatory Snails

Hunting Wasps and Ants

Predatory Ants Paper Wasps Hornets and Yellowjackets Potter Wasps Hunting Wasps Spider Wasps

Insect Parasitoids

Tiphiid and Scoliid Wasps Pelecinid Wasps Ichneumonid Wasps Braconid Wasps Chalcid Wasps Sarcophagid Flies Tachinid Flies

Insect Pathogens Bees

Honey Bee Bumble Bees Large Carpenter Bees Cavity-nesting Bees Soil-nesting Bees

Glossary Index

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