1. D. Schmitz, Richard Nixon and the Vietnam War, p. 46.
2. “National Security Advisor Memorandum for the President,” March 16, 1969. As cited in Schmitz, p. 48.
3. Richard Nixon, “Vietnamization Speech,” November 3, 1969.
4. D.Fulghum and Maitland, South Vietnam on Trial, p. 52.
5. Schmitz, p. 68.
6. Ibid., p. 82.
7. Ibid., p. 82.
8. R. Nixon, No More Vietnams, p. 141.
9. Schmitz, p. 84.
10. Ibid., p. 88.
11. Ibid., p. 120.
12. Nixon, p. 137-138.
13. Schmitz, p. 121.
14. W. Isaacson, Kissinger, p. 244.
15. Schmitz, p. 135.
1. W. Isaacson, Kissinger, p. 398.
2. J. Morrocco, Rain of Fire, p. 96.
3. E. Hartsook and S. Slade, Air War Vietnam, p. 179.
4. C. Hobson, Vietnam Air Losses, pp. 211-217.
5. Hartsook and Slade, p. 224.
6. Ibid., p. 132.
7. Ibid., pp. 131-133.
8. Ibid., p. 224.
9. Ibid., pp. 172-173.
10. Ibid., p. 178.
11. Morrocco, p. 100.
12. L. Nguyen, Hanoi’s War, p. 228.
13. P. Asselin, A Bitter Peace, p. 38.
14. Hartsook and Slade, pp. 175.
15. Ibid., p. 176.
16. Ibid., p. 177
17. Morrocco, p. 101.
18. Hobson, p. 217.
19. Hartsook and Slade, p.260.
20. Hobson, p. 218.
21. D. Fulghum and Maitland, South Vietnam on Trial, p. 138.
22. Morrocco, pp. 106-107.
23. D. Middleton, Air War – Vietnam, p. 201.
24. Ibid., p. 107.
25. Hartsook and Slade, p. 273.
26. Ibid., p. 303.
27. Ibid., p. 308.
28. Hobson, pp. 220-226.
1. J. Smith, The Linebacker Raids, p. 51.
2. W. Isaacson, Kissinger, p. 417.
3. E. Hartsook and S. Slade, Air War Vietnam, p. 221.
4. R. Francillon, Tonkin Gulf Yacht Club, pp. 126, 131, 135.
5. J. Morrocco, Rain of Fire, p. 102.
6. C. Hobson, Vietnam Air Losses, pp.266, 253.
7. Morrocco, p. 109; Hartsook and Slade, pp. 290-291; D. Middleton, Air War – Vietnam, p. 125.
8. Morrocco, p. 108.
9. Smith, p. 57.
10. Hartsook and Slade, p. 284.
11. Ibid., p. 285.
12. W. Thompson, To Hanoi and Back, p. 227.
13. W. Boyne, “Breaking the Dragon’s Jaw,” Air Force Magazine, p. 60; Thompson, p. 235.
14. D. McCarthy, MiG Killers, pp. 108-109.
15. Smith, p. 58.
16. Hobson, pp. 221-223.
17. K. Eschmann, Linebacker, p. 12.
18. Ibid., p. 13.
19. Morrocco, pp. 109-110.
20. Ibid., p. 110.
21. Thompson, p. 226.
22. Morrocco, p. 110.
23. Hobson, p. 222.
24. Eschmann, pp. 15-16.
25. Morrocco, p. 110.
26. Ibid., p. 131
27. Hartsook and Slade, p. 295.
28. Morrocco, p. 130.
29. Ibid., p. 131.
30. N. Brizer and P. Mersky, Navy A-7 Corsair II Units, p. 44.
31. J. Ethell, One Day in a Long War, pp. 32-34.
32. Ibid., p. 46.
33. Ibid., pp. 50-51.
34. S. Emerson, Air War Over North Vietnam, p. 94; Morrocco, p. 131; Ethell, p. 50.
35. Ethell, p. 50.
36. Hobson, p. 224.
37. Thompson, pp. 35-36.
38. Ethell, p. 50.
39. Hobson, p. 225.
40. Ethell, p. 131.
41. Smith, p. 73; Hobson pp. 224-225.
42. Middleton, p. 252.
43. Smith, p. 76; G. Hartmann and S. Truver, “Weapons that Wait,” p. 152.
44. Morrocco, p. 136.
45. Ibid., p. 136.
46. Hartsook and Slade, p. 298.
47. Hobson, pp. 224-227.
1. S. Emerson, Air War Over North Vietnam, p. 48.
2. W. Thompson, To Hanoi and Back, pp. 242-243.
3. M. Michel, The 11 Days of Christmas, pp. 49-50, 89.
4. Thompson, p. 244; D. Middleton, Air War – Vietnam, p. 258.
5. J. Nichols and B. Tillman, On Yankee Station, p. 56.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid, pp. 56-57.
8. K. Eschmann, Linebacker, p. 42.
9. Ibid., p. 26.
10. C. Hobson, Vietnam Air Losses, pp. 225-226.
11. J. Morrocco, Rain of Fire, p. 141.
12. I. Toperczer, MiG-17 and MiG-19 Units, p. 58
13. Thompson, p. 242.
14. Ibid., p. 237.
15. Eschmann, pp. 30-31.
16. J. Smith, The Linebacker Raids, p. 86.
17. Morrocco, p. 130.
18. E. Hartsook and S. Slade, Air War Vietnam Plans and Operations, p. 298.
19. Project CHECO Report, “Linebacker: Overview of the First 120 Days,” p. 25.
20. Smith, p. 84.
21. Morrocco, p. 136.
22. Ibid.
23. Thompson, p. 248.
24. Ibid.
25. Hartsook and Slade, p. 299; Smith, p. 83.
26. Hartsook and Slade, p. 301.
27. Smith, p. 84; Morrocco, p. 138.
28. “Evaluation of Guided Bomb Systems Employed in SEA,” Institute of Defense Analysis, Arlington, VA, May 1974, pp. 39-41.
29. M. Mitchel, Clashes, p. 240.
30. Hobson, pp. 224-230.
31. Morrocco, p. 144.
32. R. Boniface, MiGs Over North Vietnam, p. 100.
33. Hobson, p. 271; D. McCarthy, MiG Killers, p. 156.
34. Thompson, pp. 238-239.
35. Mitchel, pp. 258-259.
36. Thompson, p. 240.
37. Ibid.
38. McCarthy, pp. 155-157.
39. Morrocco, p. 145.
40. Nichols and Tillman, p. 114.
41. Hobson, pp. 224-233.
42. Mitchel, p. 258.
43. Morrocco, p. 140.
44. Hobson, p. 271.
45. Hartsook and Slade, p. 305.
46. Ibid., p. 312.
47. Ibid., p. 318.
48. D. Fulghum and T. Maitland, South Vietnam on Trial, pp. 183-184.
49. Ibid., p. 183.
50. P. Asselin, A Bitter Peace, pp. 60-62.
1. J. Morrocco, Rain of Fire, p. 136.
2. J. Smith, The Linebacker Raids, p. 98.
3. Ibid.
4. M. Mitchell, Clashes, p. 250.
5. Smith, p. 103.
6. C. Hobson, Vietnam Air Losses, p. 235.
7. R. Francillon, Tokin Gulf Yacht Club, pp. 118-161.
8. Hobson, pp. 235-238.
9. S. Emerson, Air War Over North Vietnam, p. 113.
10. Hobson, p. 237.
11. W. Thompson, To Hanoi and Back, p. 246.
12. Hobson, p. 237; Smith, p. 108.
13. Thompson, p. 246.
14. Smith, p. 183.
15. McCarthy, MiG Killers, pp. 156-15; Hobson, p. 238.
16. Smith, p. 115; Thompson, p. 242.
17. Hobson, p. 231.
18. Smith, p. 110; R. Boniface, MiGs Over North Vietnam, p. 118.
19. Hobson, Table: US Fixed-Wing Losses to Surface-to-Air Missiles, p. 271
20. Smith, p. 110.
21. Ibid., p. 112.
22. P. Asselin, A Bitter Peace, p. 77.
23. Ibid., p. 76.
24. W. Isaacson, Kissinger, pp. 447-448.
25. Asselin, p. 80.
26. Isaacson, p. 448
27. Smith, p. 114.
28. Ibid., p. 115.
29. Ibid., p. 115.
30. Nguyen, Hanoi’s War, p. 280.
31. Ibid., pp. 280-281.
32. Asselin, p. 92; E. Hartsook and S. Slade, Air War Vietnam Plans and Operations, p. 323.
33. Hartsook and Slade, p. 322.
34. Asselin, pp. 93-94.
35. Ibid., p. 94.
36. Ibid., p. 95.
37. Nguyen, p. 285.
1. Nguyen, p. 290.
2. Ibid., p. 291.
3. P. Asselin, A Bitter Peace, p. 119.
4. Ibid., p. 144.
5. W. Thompson, To Hanoi and Back, p. 258.
6. E. Hartsook and S. Slade, Air War Vietnam Plans and Operations, p. 270.
7. Thompson, p. 224.
8. K. Eschmann, Linebacker, p. 77.
9. J. Smith, The Linebacker Raids, p. 121.
10. The original Operation Linebacker that began on May 10 and was still continuing south of the 20th parallel was now officially renamed Linebacker I to distinguish it from the new bombing campaign planned for north of the 20th parallel.
11. Eschmann, p. 75.
12. Ibid., p. 75.
13. Eschmann, p. 77; R. Francillon, Tonkin Gulf Yacht Club, pp. 117-161.
14. Eschmann, p. 77.
15. Ibid., p. 79.
16. C. Hobson, Vietnam Air Losses, pp. 243-245.
17. Eschmann, p. 74.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. J. Morrocco, Rain of Fire, p. 146.
21. Eschmann, p. 91.
22. J. McCarthy and G. Allison, Linebacker II, p. 42.
23. Morrocco, p. 149.
24. Ibid., p. 149.
25. Morrocco, p. 149; Hobson, p. 242.
26. Morrocco, p. 150; Smith, p. 129.
27. Eschmann, p. 104.
28. Hobson, p. 242.
29. Eschmann, p. 107.
30. Hobson, p. 242.
31. Hartsook and Slade, p. 333.
32. Eschmann, p. 111.
33. Ibid., pp. 139-140.
34. J. Sherwood, “Nixon’s Trident,” p. 71.
35. Hobson, pp. 242-243.
36. Gonzales, “The Mining Campaigns of Vietnam,” p. 4.
37. Hobson, p. 245.
38. Eschmann, pp. 112-114.
39. Ibid., pp. 114-115.
40. McCarthy and Allison, p. 80.
41. Eschmann, p. 116.
42. Ibid.
43. Hobson, pp. 242-243.
44. Eschmann, pp. 131-133.
45. Hobson, p. 243.
46. Eschmann, p. 134; Morrocco, p. 150.
47. Eschmann, p. 134.
48. Asselin, p. 150.
49. Morrocco, p. 152.
50. Despite some conflicting accounts and interpretations, Brigadier General James McCarthy (ret.), who was then commanding the 43rd SW on Guam, clearly states that “the weight of the effort for Day Four had already been established as coming from the D fleet at U-Tapao, independent of the previous day’s results.” McCarthy and Allison, p. 91.
51. Eschmann, p. 137.
52. Ibid., p. 140.
53. Hobson, p. 244.
54. Eschmann, p. 147.
55. Morrocco, p. 160.
56. Hobson, p. 244.
57. Eschmann, p. 154.
58. McCarthy and Allison, p. 100; Eschmann, p. 155.
59. Eschmann, p. 156.
60. Ibid., p. 159.
61. McCarthy and Allison, p. 121.
62. Eschmann, p. 163.
63. Project CHECO, “Linebacker Operations,” Appendix 6, pp. 100-101.
64. Hobson, pp. 245-246.
65. Eschmann, p. 163.
66. Morrocco, p. 154.
67. Project CHECO, Appendix 7, p. 103.
68. Eschmann, p. 150.
69. Morrocco, p. 156.
70. Hobson, p. 245.
71. Eschmann, p. 183.
72. Hobson, p. 246.
73. Ibid.
74. Eschmann, p. 183, pp. 190-191.
75. Ibid., p. 192.
76. D. McCarthy, MiG Killers, p. 157.
77. Asselin, p. 152.
1. M. Clodfelter, Vietnam in Military Statistics, p. 224; W. Head, “Linebacker Operations and the U.S. Strategic Bombing,” p. 20.
2. Head, p. 20.
3. See M. Michel, The 11 Day of Christmas, for an interesting discussion about the number of SAMs actually fired during Linebacker II, pp. 248-249.
4. C. Hobson, Vietnam Air Losses, pp. 224-241; Project CHECO, “Linebacker Operations” Appendix C, pp. 71-72; E. Hartsook and S. Slade, Air War Vietnam Plans and Operations, p. 339.
5. K. Eschmann, Linebacker, p. 57.
6. J. Morrocco, Rain of Fire, p. 157.