1: Back on the Somme

1 Bean, C. E. W., (ed.), Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–18 [hereafter Official History], Angus & Robertson, Sydney, Vol. V, p.5

2 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.11

3 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.17

4 11th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 25 December 1917

5 14th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, January summary

6 6th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 18 January 1918

7 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, pp.28–29

8 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, pp.30–31

9 Stanley, P., Bad Characters: Sex, Crime, Mutiny, Murder and the Australian Imperial Force, Pier 9, Murdoch Books, Sydney, 2010, p.158

10 Gammage, B., The Broken Years: Australian Soldiers in the Great War, Penguin Books Australia, Melbourne, 1975, p.243

2: The German March Offensive: All or Nothing

1 3rd Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 21 March 1918

2 8th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 21 March 1918

3 14th Australian Infantry Brigade, War Diary, Appendix 12, ‘Report on enemy raid 21st March’

4 14th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 22 March 1918, p.28

5 14th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 21 March 1918, p.27

6 15th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 30 March 1918

7 14th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 23 March 1918, p.29

8 8th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 23 March 1918

9 8th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 31 March 1918

10 Gorman, Captain E., MC, With the Twenty-Second: A History of the Twenty-Second Battalion AIF, H. H. Champion, Australian Authors Agency, Melbourne, 1919, p.75

11 14th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 28 March 1918, p.36

12 Lynch, E., Somme Mud, Random House, Sydney, 2006, p.146

13 14th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 28 March 1918, p.37

14 White, T. A., The Fighting Thirteenth: A History of the Thirteenth Battalion AIF, 13th Battalion A.I.F. Committee, Sydney, 1924, p.122

15 Ibid.

16 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.123

17 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.128

18 13th Battalion War Diary, ‘Extract from Daily Intelligence Summaries’, 27–28 March 1918

19 13th Battalion War Diary, pp.129–30

20 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.141

21 Bann, S., The Inventions of History: Essays on the Representation of the Past, p.45

22 General Haig’s Special Order of the Day, 11 April 1918

23 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.156

24 Ibid.

25 12th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 28 March 1918

26 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.360

27 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.416

3: Saving Amiens

1 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.175, quoted in Williams, H. R., The Gallant Company: An Australian Soldier’s Story of 1915–18, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1933, pp.183–85

2 Ibid.

3 33rd Battalion AIF War Diary, 30 March 1918

4 Lieutenant Colonel Morshead Intelligence Report of 33rd Battalion AIF, 31 March 1918, Appendix 22

5 Ibid.

6 Ibid.

7 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.307

8 Lieutenant Colonel Morshead Intelligence Report of 33rd Battalion AIF, 31 March 1918

9 35th Battalion War Diary, 4 April 1918

10 Quoted in Pedersen, P., Anzacs on the Western Front: The Australian War Memorial Battlefield Guide, Wiley & Sons, Milton, 2012, p.327

11 Ibid.

12 33rd Battalion War Diary, Appendix

13 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.355

14 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.452

15 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.499

16 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.500

17 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.507

18 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.540

19 Ibid.

20 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.553

21 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.569

22 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.573

23 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.575

24 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.580

25 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.603

26 Ibid.

27 Ibid.

28 Ibid.

29 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, pp.609–10

30 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.625

31 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.626

32 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.638

33 13th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Appendix 31, p.24. Telegram from General Staff, Fourth Army, 26 April 1918

34 Edgar, P., To Villers Bretonneux, Australian Military History Publications, Loftus, 2006, p.251

35 Ibid.

36 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, pp.672–73

37 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.638

38 Bean, Official History, Vol. V, p.646

39 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.132

4: Hamel: A Test of New Tactics

1 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.249

2 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.246

3 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.262

4 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.273

5 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.283

6 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.144

7 Browning, N., The Westralian Battalion: A History of the 44th Battalion, Advance Press, Bassendean, 2004, p.315

8 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.315

9 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.284

10 Marks, D. G., Sundry Jottings, Sydney, 1919, p.91

11 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.293

12 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.290

13 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.293

14 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.144

15 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.306

16 Rule, E. J., Jacka’s Mob, Military Melbourne, Melbourne, 1999, p.305

17 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.305

18 Ellis, A. D., The Story of the Fifth Australian Division, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1920, p.326

19 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.301

20 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp.316–17

21 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.327

22 Monash, General Sir John, The Australian Victories in France in 1918, Hutchinson, London, 1920, p.62

23 Steel, R. J. and McWilliams, J., Amiens: Dawn of Victory, Dundurn Press, Toronto, 2001, p.16

24 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.335

5: Nibbling East

1 Keatinge, M. B. B., The War Book of History of the Third Pioneer Battalion, John Burridge Military Antiques, Swanbourne, 1989, p.108

2 Dollman, W. and Skinner, H. M., The Blue and Brown Diamond: A History of the 27th Bn AIF 1915–1919, Lonnen & Cope, Adelaide, 1921, p.145

3 Cutlack, F. M., Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, Vol. VIII, The Australian Flying Corps, p.308

4 Cutlack, Official History, Vol. VIII, p.309

5 Green, F. C., The Fortieth: A Record of the 40th Battalion, AIF, Naval Military Press Ltd, Sandhurst (UK), 2007, p.146

6 Ibid.

7 Gorman, E., With the Twenty-Second, p.88

8 Harvey, W. J., The Red and White Diamond: The Authorised History of the 24th Battalion AIF, p.246

9 Harvey, The Red and White Diamond, p.259

10 19th Battalion War Diary, Intelligence Report Appendix s

11 Lynch, Somme Mud, p.221

12 Lynch, Somme Mud, p.259

13 13th Battalion War Diary, August 1918 Part 1, Summary of Operations 31.7.1918 to 4.8.1918, Appendix 9

14 Marks, D., Diary, Entry 1 August 1918, p.94

15 Dean, A. and Gutteridge, E. W., The Seventh Battalion AIF: Resume of the Activities of the Seventh Battalion in the Great War 1914–1918, p.145

16 Keatinge, The War Book of History of the 3rd Pioneers, p.109

17 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.340

18 Gorman, E., With the Twenty-Second, p.80

19 Harvey, The Red and White Diamond, pp.257–58

6: The Days Before the Allied Offensive

1 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.505

2 Ibid.

3 Browning, N., Fix Bayonets: The History of the 51st Battalion AIF, p.186

4 8th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, July 1918, Appendix 29, image 81

5 8th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, July 1918, Appendix 29, image 82

6 From his citation for the Distinguished Conduct Medal, which he received in this action.

7 Ellis, A. D., The Story of the Fifth Australian Division, p.319

8 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.522

9 Ibid.

10 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.523

11 Polanski, I. L., We Were the 46th: History of the 46th Battalion in the Great War 1914–18, p.79

12 Lynch, Somme Mud, p.177

13 Ellis, The Story of the Fifth Australian Division, p.327

14 Ibid.

15 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.504

16 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.525

17 Serle, G., John Monash: A Biography, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1982, p.343; and Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.525

18 Bean, Official History, Vol VI, p.525. See also 15th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Appendix 7

19 Green, F. C., The Fortieth, p.149

20 Carne, W. A., In Good Company: History of the 6th Machine Gun Company AIF, p.328

21 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.346

22 Paterson, A. T., The Thirty-Ninth: The History of the Thirty-Ninth Battalion AIF, p.214

23 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.529

24 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.345

7: Der Schwarze Tag: The Black Day

1 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.348

2 Doneley, B., Black over Blue: The 25th Battalion, AIF at War 1915–1918, p.145

3 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.531

4 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.348

5 Dollman, V. D. and Skinner, H. M., The Blue and Brown Diamond: History of the 27th Battalion AIF 1915–1919, p.151

6 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.543

7 Keatinge, War Book of the Third Pioneer Battalion, p.113

8 Longmore, C., Eggs-a-Cook: The Story of the Forty Fourth, p.155

9 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.533

10 MacKenzie, K. W., The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion AIF, p.260

11 Doneley, Black over Blue, p.145

12 Doneley, Black over Blue, p.262

13 Dollman and Skinner, The Blue and Brown Diamond, p.153

14 Longmore, Eggs-a-Cook, p.156

15 Green, F. C., The Fortieth, p.150

16 Lynch, Somme Mud, pp.258–59

17 Longmore, Eggs-a-Cook, p.156

18 Longmore, Eggs-a-Cook, p.157

19 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.355

20 Ibid.

21 Browning, N., Leane’s Battalion: The History of the 48th Battalion AIF 1916–1919, p.280

22 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.572

23 Ibid.

24 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp.570–71

25 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.150

26 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.151

27 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.569

28 Browning, Leane’s Battalion, p.277

29 While the train’s complete undercarriage, bogies and gun were returned to Australia after the war and displayed, everything but the barrel was dismantled and disposed of in the early 1960s. Today, the barrel can be seen at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra.

30 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.562

31 Ellis, The Story of the Fifth Australian Division, p.336

32 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.606

8: Pushing on from the Blue Line

1 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.614

2 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.606

3 McNicol, N. G., The Thirty-Seventh: History of the Thirty-Seventh Battalion AIF, Modern Printing Co., Melbourne, 1936, p.218

4 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.614

5 Ibid.

6 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.615

7 8th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 8 August 1918

8 15th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, #3, report on operations, 11 August 1918, Appendix 8

9 15th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Image 5

10 4th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Image 6

11 15th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 9 August 1918

12 Dollman and Skinner, The Blue and Brown Diamond, p.157

13 Downing, W. H., To the Last Ridge, p.148

14 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.440

15 1st Battalion War Diary, Appendix 8, ‘Report on Operations on the 9/8/18’

16 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.651

17 Jordan, L., Stealth Raiders, Penguin Random House, Sydney, 2017, p.191

18 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.682

9: Green Slopes Above the River

1 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.687

2 McNicol, N. G., The Thirty-Seventh, p.219

3 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.687

4 Ibid.

5 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.363

6 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.691

7 Ibid.

8 McNicol, The Thirty-Seventh, p.223

9 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.699

10 51st Battalion War Diary, August 1918, Appendix 12

11 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.711

12 Harvey, N. K., From Anzac to the Hindenburg Line: The History of the 9th Battalion, p.233

13 Harvey, From Anzac to the Hindenburg Line, p.237

14 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.153

15 Wanliss, N., The History of the Fourteenth Battalion AIF, p.331

16 Ibid.

17 34th Battalion War Diary, 20 August 1918

18 Beaver, E., Short History of the 34th Battalion AIF, p.41

19 9th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 22 August 1918

20 Short History of the 34th Battalion AIF, 34th Bn Association, p.41

21 Ibid.

22 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.768

23 9th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 28 August 1918

24 Ibid.

25 Ibid.

26 Bean, Vol VI, p.776

10: Eastwards on the Roman Road

1 Green, The Fortieth, p.154

2 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.710

3 Brahms, V., The Spirit of the Forty-Second, p.92

4 6th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Appendix 36 (Image 78), titled ‘Report on Operations, 8th–19th August 1918’

5 MacNeil, A. R., The Story of the Twenty-First: Being the Official History of the 21st Battalion AIF, p.21

6 Ibid.

7 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.153

8 Ibid.

9 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.154

10 Monash, Australian Victories, p.163

11 Ibid.

12 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.733

13 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.736

14 Wren, E., Randwick to Hargicourt: History of the 3rd Battalion AIF, p.319

15 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.740

16 1st Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, August 1918, Appendix 11, ‘Report on Operations in Proyart Sector 22nd–27th August 1918’

17 Ibid.

18 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.753

19 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.754

20 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.759

21 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.761

22 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.769

23 Lock, C. B. L., The Fighting 10th: Souvenir of the 10th Battalion AIF 1914–1919, p.100

11: Mont St Quentin: What Presumption

1 Monash, Australian Victories, p.168

2 Monash, Australian Victories, p.217

3 Quoted in Serle, John Monash, p.353

4 Quoted in Serle, John Monash, p.352

5 Quoted in Serle, John Monash, p.355

6 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.822

7 Monash, Australian Victories, p.181

8 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.805

9 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.806

10 17th Battalion War Diary entry for 31 August 1918

11 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.809

12 Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, pp.281–82

13 17th Battalion War Diary, 31 August 1918, ‘Report on Operations 27–31 August 1918’, Appendix 15

14 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.809n

15 Ibid.

16 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.811

17 Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, p.283

18 Quoted in the 20th Battalion War Diary, 31 August 1918

19 Ibid.

20 Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, p.283

21 18th Battalion War Diary, 31 August 1918

22 Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners Advocate, 5 September 1918, p.5

23 Mackenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, p.286

24 Casualties in the 40th Battalion were one officer and 29 other ranks killed, and six officers and 123 other ranks wounded. Green, The Fortieth, p.184

25 Green, The Fortieth, p.181

26 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.829

27 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.813

28 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.815

29 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.873n

30 Telegram from General Rawlinson to the 2nd Division, 5th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, September 1918, Appendix 4, p.26

31 Serle, John Monash, p.355

32 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.817

33 Ibid.

34 Warwick Examiner and Times, 4 September 1918, p.5

12: Taking Péronne

1 Ross St Claire, Our Gift to the Empire: 54th Australian Infantry Battalion 1916–1919, p.210

2 St Claire, Our Gift to the Empire, p.211

3 St Claire, Our Gift to the Empire, p.212

4 From his citation for the Distinguished Conduct Medal.

5 Quoted in St Claire, Our Gift to the Empire, p.214

6 Harvey, The Red and White Diamond, p.282

7 The battalion history notes that the ‘more than usual proportion of killed to wounded was due to the fact that there was little or no shelter for a man when once hit’. Ibid.

8 15th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Report of Operations 1–5 September 1918, Appendix 1, p.3

9 History of the 59th Battalion, p.19

10 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.857

11 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.861

12 15th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Report of Operations 1–5 September 1918, Appendix 1, p.8

13 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.854

14 Quoted in St Claire, Our Gift to the Empire, p.227

13: The Hindenburg Outpost Line

1 The Forty First, compiled by members of the Intelligence Staff, p.127

2 Ibid.

3 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.383

4 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.379

5 Bean referred to this as ‘the first recorded mutiny in the AIF’ in Official History, Vol. VI, p.875

6 59th Battalion War Diary, 5 September 1918, p.10

7 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.875. Bean in fact quoted the wrong date. It was not 14 September but 5 September.

8 Longmore, Eggs-a-Cook, p.166

9 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.886

10 Lynch, Somme Mud, pp.297–98

11 Longmore, Eggs-a-Cook, p.170

12 Wallace, N. V., quoted in Browning, Leane’s Battalion, p.302

13 Ibid.

14 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.156

15 Ibid.

16 Browning, Leane’s Battalion, p.305

17 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.898

18 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.911

19 Browning, Leane’s Battalion, p.306

20 Browning, Leane’s Battalion, p.309

21 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.157

22 Ibid.

23 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.158

24 The German 58th I.R. (119th Division) had twenty-seven men killed or wounded, and twelve officers and 294 other ranks captured.

25 Chataway, T. P., History of the 15th Battalion 1914–1918, p.313

26 Lynch, Somme Mud, p.293

27 Lynch, Somme Mud, p.294

28 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.909

29 Chataway, History of the 15th Battalion, p.232

30 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.914

31 Harvey, From Anzac to the Hindenburg Line, p.245

32 Ibid.

33 Wren, Randwick to Hargicourt, p.326

34 The 46th Battalion history states they captured seventeen officers and 496 other ranks. Polowski, We Were the 46th, p.92

35 Polowski, We Were the 46th, p.91

36 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.926

37 Rule, Jacka’s Mob, p.327

38 Wanliss, The History of the Fourteenth Battalion AIF, p.341

39 Browning, Leane’s Battalion, p.316

40 Ibid.

41 Ibid.

42 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.906

43 Gill, I., Fremantle to France: 11th Battalion AIF 1914–1919, p.68

44 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.931

45 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, pp.931–32

46 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.933

47 Ibid.

14: Taking the Hindenburg Line

1 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.942

2 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.943

3 Green, The Fortieth, p.191

4 The History of the 39th Battalion AIF, p.233

5 30th Battalion War Diary, 26 September 1918

6 30th Battalion War Diary, 28 September 1918

7 Ibid.

8 Green, The Fortieth: A Record of the 40th Battalion AIF, p.193

9 Fairey, E., The Story and Official History of the 38th Battalion AIF, p.78

10 ‘Narrative of Operations carried out by 38th Battalion from 1900 on 27/9/18 to 2/10/18’, Appendix 5, p.1

11 Fairey, The Story and Official History of the 38th Battalion AIF, p.78

12 Fairey, The Story and Official History of the 38th Battalion AIF, p.79

13 Fairey, The Story and Official History of the 38th Battalion AIF, p.81

14 Fairey, The Story and Official History of the 38th Battalion AIF, p.235

15 Green, The Fortieth, p.194

16 29th Battalion War Diary, 29 September 1918

17 Ibid.

18 Ibid.

19 30th Battalion War Diary, 29 September 1918

20 Ellis, The Story of the Fifth Australian Division, p.370

21 Ibid.

22 Yockelson, M., Borrowed Soldiers: Americans Under British Command, 1918, p.189

23 Yockelson, Borrowed Soldiers, p.184

15: Montbrehain: The Last Attack

1 58th Battalion War Diary, Appendix 1, Narrative of Operations carried out.

2 McMullin, R., Pompey Elliott, Scribe, Melbourne, 2002, p.494

3 10th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Narrative Report on Operations, Appendix 12

4 Appendix 2; Narrative of Operations of ‘D’ Coy 30th Battalion AIF attached to 32nd Battalion during the attack and capture of Joncourt, 1st October 1918, p.2

5 Ibid.

6 Ibid.

7 Ibid.

8 Ibid.

9 These were introduced in early 1918 and, by the end of the war, 15,800 had gone into service.

10 5th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Appendix 6, p.4

11 7th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, ‘Report on Operations on October 3rd 1918’, Appendix 4a, October 1918

12 Ibid.

13 Ibid.

14 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.1021

15 Maxwell had already been awarded a Distinguished Conduct Medal and a Military Cross, but his actions on this day were to see him awarded the Victoria Cross.

16 Carlyon, L., The Great War, Macmillan, Sydney, 2006, p.721

17 5th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Appendix 6, Report on Operations 27 Sept/3 October 1918, p.6

18 Ibid.

19 Harvey, Red and White Diamond, p.295

20 6th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Appendix 22, Report on Operations 5th October 1918, p.7

21 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.1034

22 6th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Appendix 22, Report on Operations 5th October 1918, p.7

23 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.1037

24 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.1040

25 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.1037

26 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.1036

27 Ibid.

28 24th Battalion Report on the attack on Montbrehain by the 24th Battalion 5th Operations, Appendix 2, p.3

29 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.1042

30 Ibid.

31 24th Battalion Report on the attack on Montbrehain by the 24th Battalion 5th Operations, Appendix 2, p.3

32 24th Battalion Report on the attack on Montbrehain by the 24th Battalion 5th Operations, Appendix 2, p.10

16: The Final Ten Days to Victory

1 24th Battalion War Diary, 6 October 1918

2 A German 37-millimetre revolving barrelled anti-aircraft gun which discharged five flares in rapid succession.

3 Molkentin, M., Fire in the Sky: The Australian Flying Corps in the First World War, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2010, p.319

4 Woodward, O. H., Personal Diary, Vol. II, p.111

5 Woodward, O. H., Personal Diary, Vol. II, p.112

6 Australian War Memorial Encyclopedia Statistics – Military

7 Cutlack, Official History, Vol. VIII, The Australian Flying Corps, p.384

8 Molkentin, Fire in the Sky, pp.336–37

9 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.1048

10 Trueman, C. N., ‘November 11th 1918’

17: Armistice at Last

1 Sloan, H., The Purple and Gold: A History of the 30th Battalion, p.222

2 McGuinness, P., Boldly and Faithfully: History of the 19th Battalion AIF, p.308

3 Wren, Randwick to Hargicourt, p.329

4 McNicol, The Thirty-Seventh, p.257

5 Kahan, H. K., The 28th Battalion AIF: A Record of War Service, p.103

6 Keatinge, War Book of the Third Pioneer Battalion, p.142

7 McNicol, The Thirty-Seventh, pp.259–60

8 McNicol, The Thirty-Seventh, p.260

9 Lee, J. E., The Chronicle of the 45th Battalion AIF, p.75

10 Harvey, The Red and White Diamond, p.308

11 Polanski, We Were The 46th, p.96

12 Newton, L. M., The Story of the Twelfth: A Record of the 12th Battalion during the Great War, p.200

13 Browning, The Westralian Battalion, p.403

14 With the 27th Battery in France, p.167

15 11th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 11–12 November 1918

16 Lynch, Somme Mud, pp.311–12

17 Hunter, D. J. My Corps Cavalry, p.94

18 Gorman, With the Twenty-Second, p.103

19 MacKenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, p.297

20 Ellis, The Story of the Fifth Division, p.394

21 Harvey, The Red and White Diamond, p.309

22 Taylor, F. W. and Cusack, T.A., Nulli Secundus: A History of the Second Battalion AIF 1914–1919, p.337

23 Kahan, The 28th Battalion AIF, p.103

24 White, The Fighting Thirteenth, p.163

25 Sloan, The Purple and Gold, p.222

26 St Claire, Our Gift to the Empire, p.244

27 Taylor and Cusack, Nulli Secundus, p.337

28 Corfield, R., Hold Hard, Cobbers, Vol. 1, p.188

18: The End of the End

1 Lynch, Somme Mud, pp.314–15

2 9th Australian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Appendix 10

3 Chataway, History of the 15th Battalion, p.235

4 Woodward, O. H., The War Story of Oliver Holmes Woodward, Captain 1st Australian Tunnelling Company, AIF, p.125

5 Harvey, The Red and White Diamond, p.314

6 Browning, Leane’s Battalion, p.332

7 Gorman, With the Twenty-Second, p.105

8 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.1057

9 St Claire, Our Gift to the Empire, p.244

10 Ibid.

11 Bean, Official History, Vol. VI, p.1072

12 13th Battalion War Diary, May 1918

13 Davies, W., The Boy Colonel, Random House, Sydney, 2013, p.394

14 The Thirty-Ninth: The History of the 39th Battalion AIF, p.245

15 Dean and Gutteridge, The Seventh Battalion AIF, pp.132–33

16 Harvey, The Red and White Diamond, p.316

17 MacKenzie, The Story of the Seventeenth Battalion, p.298

18 Harvey, The Red and White Diamond, p.317

19 Harvey, The Red and White Diamond, p.315

20 MacNeil, The Story of the Twenty-First, p.25

21 Green, The Fortieth, p.203

22 Lynch, Somme Mud, pp.330–34