2 “This institution”: “New York Infirmary for Women and Children,” New York Daily Herald, May 13, 1857, 3.
2 “The full thorough education”: Ibid.
3 “There are none less able”: Ibid.; “Opening of the New-York Infirmary for Women and Children,” New-York Tribune, May 13, 1857, 4; “Infirmary for Women and Children,” New-York Times, May 13, 1857, 8.
3 “There is certainly nothing”: Emily to Elizabeth, 1852 or 1853, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
CHAPTER 1: BRISTOL—NEW YORK—CINCINNATI
5 “There lived as my story says”: Elizabeth, undated notebook, Reel 45, LC.
6 “Little Shy”: Anna, “Early Life of the Blackwells,” 169, Reel 72, LC.
6 “I was fitted”: Hannah, dictated to Henry, Reel 75, LC.
7 “sky parlour . . . parapet”: Anna, “Early Life of the Blackwells,” 129, Reel 72, LC.
8 “Anna, Bessy, & Polly!”: Ibid., 130.
8 “There was a dreadful scene”: Ibid., 113.
8 “The pretty baby”: Ibid., 12.
8 “shabbily dressed”: Ibid., 151.
9 “poor starveling aunts”: Ibid., 57.
9 “natural lady”: Ibid., 55–56.
9 “very small . . . Greek”: Ibid., 57.
9 “very well-meaning”: Ibid., 50.
9 “disagreeable . . . broomstick”: Ibid., 50.
9 “putting forth . . . Grandpapa”: Ibid., 23.
10 “We children”: Ibid., 134.
10 “great feathers”: Ibid., 135.
11 eventually committed: Ibid., 52.
10 Bristol shipping firm: Joelle Million, “Samuel Blackwell: Sugar Refiner and Abolitionist,” New York History Review, June 14, 2017.
12 “active dollar-getting”: Samuel Sr., “Two Years in New York,” 1835, Folder 3, Collection A145, SL.
12 “If people will”: Elizabeth’s journal, June 30, 1837, Reel 39, LC.
13 “How gay”: Ibid., March 17, 1837.
13 “I fear”: Ibid., March 6, 1837.
13 “The Greek oration”: Ibid., October 3, 1837.
13 “How I do long”: Ibid., March 14, 1838.
13 abstinence pledge: Ibid., February 27, 1838.
13 “I wish”: Ibid., January 31, 1838.
13 “poor, foolish”: Anna, “Early Life of the Blackwells,” 48, Reel 72, LC.
13 “Just as I was getting”: Elizabeth’s journal, April 4, 1837, Reel 39, LC.
14 “into partnership”: Ibid., May 2, 1837.
14 “I wonder”: Ibid., September 16, 1837.
14 “Mamma, Anna, Marian”: Sam’s journal, January 1, 1836, Folder 88v, Collection A77, SL.
15 “the bumpy science”: Elizabeth’s journal, January 28, 1837, Reel 39, LC.
15 “Not disposed to trifle”: Elizabeth, notes on phrenology, January 28, 1837, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
16 “to plead the cause”: Proceedings of the Anti-Slavery Convention, 9.
16 “very ill advised”: Elizabeth’s journal, May 11, 1837, Reel 39, LC.
16 “The spirit of Slavery”: Samuel Sr. to Kenyon, September 27, 1836, Folder 5, Collection MC411, SL.
16 “A colored man”: Elizabeth’s journal, December 29, 1837, Reel 39, LC.
17 “What a dearth”: Ibid., July 18, 1837.
17 “How ardently”: Ibid., July 24, 1837.
17 “I hope Papa”: Ibid., February 6, 1837.
17 “make some experiments”: Sam’s journal, March 25, 1837, Folder 88v, Collection A77, SL.
18 “Tell dear Washy”: Samuel Sr. to Hannah, March 5, 1838, Folder 5, Collection MC411, SL.
18 “I suppose”: Elizabeth’s journal, May 12, 1838, Reel 39, LC.
18 Fanny Trollope: Trollope, Domestic Manners, 51.
18 “I saw some very”: Elizabeth’s journal, May 13, 1838, Reel 39, LC.
19 “If we cannot”: Marian to Elizabeth, June 16, 1838, Folder 32, Collection MC411, SL.
19 “He is just the color”: Elizabeth’s journal, August 6, 1838, Reel 39, LC.
20 “I put my hand”: Ibid., August 7, 1838.
20 “Reading, Writing”: School prospectus, Folder 82, Collection MC411, SL.
20 “Aunt Mary”: Elizabeth’s journal, September 30, 1838, Reel 39, LC.
21 “They don’t know”: Ibid., October 1, 1838.
21 “After school”: Ibid., March 20, 1839.
21 “I have cut”: Emily to Henry, June 14, 1841, Reel 74, LC.
22 “I well remember”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 13.
22 “I’m sorry to say”: Sam to Henry, January 14, 1841, Reel 76, LC.
CHAPTER 2: BETWEENITY
23 “Madam . . . fire screen”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, March 5, 1844, Reel 42, LC.
23 “I give as far”: Elizabeth to Marian, March 19, 1844, Reel 76, LC.
24 “Carlyle’s name”: Elizabeth to Marian, April 4, 1844, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
24 “I had many offers”: Elizabeth to Hannah, 1844, Reel 42, LC.
24 “To live . . . whisper”: Elizabeth to Marian, April 4, 1844, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
24 “I feel independent”: Elizabeth to Marian, 1844, Reel 76, LC.
24 St. Ann’s Hall: “St. Ann’s Hall, Flushing, Long Island, New-York,” Southern Literary Messenger, February 1843, 127–28.
25 “very fond . . . my hand”: Emily to Elizabeth, 1844, Reel 74, LC.
25 “Go by all means”: Elizabeth to Emily, June 1844, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
25 “ ‘crack’ Greek pupil”: Anna to Elizabeth, May 11, 1845, Reel 71, LC.
25 “Alas!”: Sam’s journal, November 10, 1844, Folder 89v, Collection A77, SL.
25 “pretty busily”: Emily to Henry, May 11, 1845, Reel 71, LC.
25 “Her progress”: Anna to Sam, March 9, 1845, DF.
26 “the manifold uncomfortablenesses”: Anna to Elizabeth, May 11, 1845, Reel 71, LC.
26 inaugural Annual: Christmas Annual 1844, Reel 50, LC.
26 “a lady friend”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 27.
26 “gross perversion”: Ibid., 30.
27 “My favourite studies”: Ibid., 28.
27 “I think women need”: Fuller, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, 159.
28 “I believe that”: Ibid., 158.
28 “If I had some noble”: Sam’s journal, November 3, 1844, Folder 89v, Collection A77, SL.
28 “Eliz. is thinking”: Ibid., May 3, 1845.
28 “common malady . . . heart”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 28.
29 “highly useful”: Ibid., 31.
30 “The idea of winning”: Ibid, 76.
30 “drunken drivers”: Elizabeth to Emily, July 2, 1845, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
30 “Miss Student . . . puns”: Ibid.
31 “goblin groans”: Sam’s journal, June 16, 1845, Folder 89v, Collection A77, SL.
31 “Shall I say”: Elizabeth to Emily, July 2, 1845, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
31 “country boobies . . . hospitality”: Elizabeth to Marian, June 29, 1845, Reel 76, LC.
31 “I had many causes”: Elizabeth to Henry, April 12, 46, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
32 “I knew that”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 35.
32 “my first professional cure”: Elizabeth to Hannah, July 27, 1845, Reel 42, LC.
32 “a great treat . . . known”: Elizabeth to Marian, December 4, 1845, Reel 76, LC.
32 “determined . . . principles”: Elizabeth to Hannah, July 27, 1845, Reel 42, LC.
33 “strong electric . . . alone”: Elizabeth to Henry, August 17, 1845, Reel 50, LC.
33 “I feel very wakeful”: Elizabeth to Hannah, July 27, 1845, Reel 42, LC.
33 “It is so painful”: Anna to Sam, July 27, 1845, DF.
33 “I assure you”: Emily to Sam, July 27, 1845, DF.
33 “A most unscrupulous”: Henry’s journal, August 12, 1845, Reel 50, LC.
34 “He thrust his hand”: Paul Trapier, A Narrative of Facts Which Led to the Presentment of the Rt. Rev. Benj. T. Onderdonk, Bishop of New-York (New York: Stanford & Swords, 1845), 51.
34 “reading,” Elizabeth reported: Elizabeth to Sam, April 5, 1846, DF.
34 “Your letters always”: Elizabeth to Emily, February 14, 1846, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
34 “So our young giantess”: Elizabeth to Marian, May 15, 1846, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
35 “The more . . . important one”: Elizabeth to Sam, March 8, 1846, DF.
35 “I trace out”: Elizabeth to Sam, April 5, 1846, DF.
35 “whether I . . . at night”: Elizabeth to Marian, November 1, 1846, Reel 76, LC.
35 “Do listen”: Elizabeth to Hannah, February 28, 1847, Reel 42, LC.
36 “the famous Trojan”: Elizabeth to Sam, March 8, 1846, DF.
36 “I did not know . . . lives”: Elizabeth to Sam, April 5, 1846, DF.
36 “I beg thee”: Elizabeth to Hannah, February 28, 1847, Reel 42, LC.
37 “thin as an aspen leaf”: Anna to Blackwell family, August 3, 1845, Reel 71, LC.
38 “a thinking talking couple”: Elizabeth to Marian, June 22, 1847, Reel 76, LC.
38 “Poor A”: Sam’s journal, May 19, 1847, Folder 90v, Collection A77, SL.
38 Elizabeth sought interviews: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 60.
38 “You cannot expect”: Ibid., 61.
39 “It was to my mind”: Ibid., 62.
39 “I cannot tell you”: Elizabeth to Emily, 1847, Reel 76, LC.
39 “The beauty of the tendons”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 59.
40 “to purchase a black baby”: Elizabeth to Sam, August 5, 1847, DF.
40 “I determined not”: Ibid.
40 “I must accomplish”: Elizabeth to Emma Willard, May 24, 1847, Reel 44, LC.
CHAPTER 3: ADMISSION
41 “most extraordinary request”: Stephen Smith, “The Medical Co-Education of the Sexes,” in Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 256.
42 Of the 113 students: Register of Geneva College, for the Academical Year 1847–48 (Geneva: Merrell & Dey, 1848).
42 “At the instant”: Stephen Smith, “A Woman Student in a Medical College,” in In Memory of Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, 5–7.
43 “For the first time”: Smith, “Medical Co-Education,” in Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 257.
43 letter from Geneva: Charles Lee to Elizabeth, October 20, 1847, Reel 46, LC.
44 “Dear Milly”: Elizabeth to Emily, October 27, 1847, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
44 “though not surprise”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 64.
45 “The weather”: Elizabeth to Marian, November 9, 1847, Reel 76, LC.
45 “Think of the cases”: Ibid.
46 “the utmost friendliness”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 68.
46 “Oh, this is the way”: Ibid., 70.
46 “Today when I”: Elizabeth to Marian, November 9, 1847, Reel 76, LC.
46 “The little fat Professor”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 70.
46 “a pretty little specimen”: “Females Attending Medical Lectures,” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 37 (December 15, 1847): 405.
46 “Nothing has transpired”: “Female Physicians,” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 37 (January 12, 1848): 506.
46 “inexpedient”: Hunt, Glances and Glimpses, 217–18.
47 “special branches . . . present”: “Female Physicians,” Buffalo Medical Journal 3, no. 8 (January 1848).
47 “We admire MISS BLACKWELL”: “A Medical Maiden,” Punch 14 (1848): 117.
47 “flat, heavy feeling”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 69.
47 “In the amphitheatre”: Ibid., 73.
48 “See the one in pink!”: Ibid.
48 “I believe the professors”: Ibid., 69.
48 “as at a curious animal”: Ibid., 70.
48 “I told him . . . desire”: Ibid., 72.
49 “He could hardly”: Ibid., 71.
49 “Dr. Webster, who”: Ibid., 72.
49 “saying . . . gods”: Smith, “Woman Student,” in In Memory of Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, 11.
49 “The lectures on anatomy”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 259.
51 “some respectable practitioner”: Catalogue of the Medical Institution of Geneva College, Session of 1846–47 (Rochester, N.Y.: Jerome & Brother, 1846), 15.
52 “Medicine is always”: Elizabeth’s lecture notes, Reel 46, LC.
52 “blood is the fuel”: Ibid.
53 “The human body”: Ibid.
53 “’Twas a horrible”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 72.
54 “[Elizabeth] says”: Sam’s journal, January 16, 1848, Folder 90v, Collection A77, SL.
54 “they treated me”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 74.
54 intricate diagrams: Elizabeth’s lecture notes, Reel 46, LC.
54 “tracing out”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 74.
56 “It cheered me”: Ibid., 75.
56 “I suppose they were”: Ibid.
56 “They talked over”: Ibid., 76.
57 “Maiden of earnest thought”: William H. C. Hosmer, “To Miss B., A Candidate for Medical Honors,” Western Literary Messenger 10, no. 3 (February 19, 1848): 33.
57 clarify his stance: William Hosmer, Appeal to Husbands and Wives in Favor of Female Physicians (New York: George Gregory, 1853).
CHAPTER 4: BLOCKLEY ALMSHOUSE
58 thirteen and eighteen degrees: Lawrence, Almshouses and Hospitals, 165–66.
58 This ice: Croskey, History of Blockley, 131.
58 Cholera and puerperal: Ibid., 59–60.
58 Wealthy visitors: Ibid., 47–48.
59 “Blockley is the microcosm”: Ibid., 133.
59 “all were prepared”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 77.
59 “Resolved that permission”: Blockley admission, Reel 46, LC.
59 “I feel disposed”: Elizabeth to Marian, March 1848, Reel 76, LC.
60 “Most of the women”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 79.
60 “It was thought”: Ibid., 77.
60 “the hideousness”: Ibid., 79.
60 “Within one week”: Elizabeth to George, June 1848, Folder 51, Collection MC411, SL.
61 “I see a great deal . . . wrong”: Elizabeth to Emily, April 16, 1848, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
61 “Today, for the first time”: Elizabeth to Marian, March 1848, Reel 76, LC.
61 “stepping out”: Elizabeth to Emily, April 16, 1848, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
61 “When I walked”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 80.
61 “the very loveliest”: Ibid., 78.
61 “I glean a little”: Elizabeth to Emily, April 16, 1848, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
62 “I find that some . . . physician”: Elizabeth to Marian, March 1848, Reel 76, LC.
62 “Ensconced in her armchair”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 78.
62 “I drank tea”: Elizabeth to Henry, August 20, 1848, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
63 “mere hands”: Elizabeth to Marian, March 1848, Reel 76, LC.
63 “voice as gentle”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 78.
63 “one, ‘Letters from Ireland”: Elizabeth to Henry, September 8, 1848, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
63 “fear predisposes”: Elizabeth’s lecture notes, Reel 46, LC.
63 “Without employment”: Elizabeth’s thesis ms on Ship Fever, Folder 61, Collection A145, SL.
64 “In truth we know”: Ibid.
64 “The eyes were bloodshot”: Ibid.
65 “well worthy”: Ibid.
65 “the practise of washing”: Elizabeth Blackwell, “Ship Fever: An Inaugural Thesis, submitted for the degree of M.D. at Geneva Medical College, Jan. 1849,” Buffalo Medical Journal and Monthly Review 4, no. 9 (February 1849): 530, DF.
65 “I am not afraid”: Elizabeth to Marian, March 1848, Reel 76, LC.
66 “There are a few strong ones”: Elizabeth to Emily, April 16, 1848, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
66 “As I learnt to realize”: Elizabeth to Anna, May 20, 1848, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
67 “so there seems . . . earnestness”: Elizabeth to Emily, 1848, Reel 74, LC.
67 “[W]omen will . . . effort”: Ibid.
68 “a history of repeated injuries”: Stanton, History of Woman Suffrage, 70.
68 “persevering and independent”: Ibid., 809.
68 “I don’t sympathize”: Elizabeth to Henry, August 20, 1848, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
68 “full of enthusiastic”: Ibid.
69 “The study and practice”: Elizabeth to Emily Collins, August 12, 1848, in Stanton, History of Woman Suffrage, 90.
69 “I have curious glimpses”: Elizabeth to Henry, August 20, 1848, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
70 “dreamy & indifferent”: Elizabeth to Henry, September 8, 1848, ibid.
70 “They form . . . object”: Ibid.
70 “As I watched”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 81.
CHAPTER 5: DIPLOMA
71 “while all around . . . prevailed”: Elizabeth to Emily, October 15, 1848, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
72 “People still gossip”: Elizabeth to Sam, December 27, 1848, DF.
72 “I’ve never met”: Ibid.
72 “He is to me utterly”: Elizabeth to Marian, December 1848, Reel 76, LC.
72 “Your life . . . our college”: Elizabeth to Emily, October 15, 1848, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
73 “I did more laughing”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 82.
73 “the accomplishment . . . utterance”: Ibid., 83.
73 “How little they know”: Ibid., 84.
74 “Believe me, brother mine”: Elizabeth to Henry, December 17, 1848, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
74 “told everybody”: Elizabeth to Sam, December 27, 1848, DF.
74 “pretty blind girl”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 84.
74 “a constant concert . . . exposed”: Elizabeth to Marian, January 19, 1849, Reel 76, LC.
74 “the very thought”: Elizabeth to Emily, October 15, 1848, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
75 “I have the strengthening”: Elizabeth to Marian, December 1848, Reel 76, LC.
75 “the examinations . . . circumstances”: Elizabeth to Marian, January 19, 1849, Reel 76, LC.
75 “Nothing but a vast”: Margaret Munro Delancey to Josephine Delancey, January 29, 1849, Museum of the City of New York.
76 “I can neither disgrace”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, in Anna Blackwell, “Elizabeth Blackwell,” English Woman’s Journal 1, no. 2 (April 1858): 91.
76 “for the purpose of striking . . . suppose it wouldn’t”: Henry to Blackwell family, January 23, 1849, Reel 50, LC.
77 “A silence deep as death”: “Geneva Medical College Commencement,” Geneva Gazette, January 26, 1849.
77 “Sir, I thank you”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 87; Henry to Blackwell family, January 23, 1849, Reel 50, LC; Geneva Gazette, January 26, 1849; Margaret Munro Delancey, January 29, 1849.
77 “feeling more thoroughly”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 87.
78 “You have learned how”: Lee, Valedictory Address, 5–6.
78 “It has been said”: Ibid., 13.
78 “who would be better employed”: Ibid., 23.
78 “witches and impostors”: Ibid., 26.
78 “ministering angel . . . admiration”: Ibid., 27–28.
78 “would have more practice”: Margaret Munro Delancey to Josephine Delancey, January 29, 1849, Museum of the City of New York.
79 “to the great astonishment”: Henry to Blackwells, January 23, 1849, Reel 50, LC.
79 “I was glad”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 87.
79 “Beloved Relations”: Henry to Blackwell family, January 23, 1849, Reel 50, LC.
79 “God be with our dear”: Sam’s journal, January 24, 1849, Folder 90v, Collection A77, SL.
79 “has thousands”: Marian to Charles and Eliza Lane, February 14, 1849, Folder 21, Collection A145, SL.
80 “I trust her life”: Hannah to Charles and Eliza Lane, February 12, 1849, ibid.
80 “But oh what a life”: Hannah to Henry, February 12, 1849, Reel 75, LC.
80 “affection & sympathy”: Elizabeth to Hannah, February 25, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
80 “partly to give”: Elizabeth to Sam, December 27, 1848, DF.
80 “When the laws of health”: Elizabeth Blackwell, “Ship Fever: An Inaugural Thesis, submitted for the degree of M.D., at Geneva Medical College, Jan. 1849,” in Buffalo Medical Journal and Monthly Review 4, no. 9 (February 1849): 523–31, DF.
80 “glowing . . . research”: “Doctress in Medicine,” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 40, no. 1 (February 7, 1849): 26.
81 A writer signing himself D.K.: “The Late Medical Degree to a Female,” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 40, no. 3 (February 21, 1849): 58–59.
81 A letter in response to D.K.: “The Late Medical Degree at Geneva,” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 40, no. 4 (February 28, 1849): 87.
81 startling footnote: Lee, Valedictory Address, 28.
83 “Dr Lee . . . invited”: Elizabeth to Henry, February 20, 1849, Folder 61, Collection MC411, SL.
83 “My mornings”: Ibid.
83 “rubbing up my French”: Elizabeth to Hannah, February 25, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
84 “Is Emily teaching”: Ibid.
84 “Obstacles overcome”: Sam’s journal, April 19, 1849, Folder 90v, Collection A77, SL.
84 “I could not keep down”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 95.
CHAPTER 6: PARIS
86 “I gave myself . . . to the heart”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, May 2, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
88 “all manner of drugs . . . doors & windows”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, May 10, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
89 “I parted from Portway”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, May 17, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
89 “the lung of a frog . . . power of working”: Ibid.
90 “He must be no longer”: Elizabeth to William Elder, May 1849, Reel 43, LC.
90 “He would neither”: Elizabeth to Anna, May 22, 1849, Reel 71, LC.
91 “I have not time”: William Elder to Blackwell family, May 28, 1849, Folder 204, Collection MC411, SL.
91 “I cannot give”: Elizabeth to Anna, May 22, 1849, Reel 71, LC.
91 “où allez-vous”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 112.
91 “miserable little town”: Elizabeth to Anna, May 22, 1849, Reel 71, LC.
91 “launched boldly”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 113.
91 “I am utterly . . . very much”: Elizabeth to Anna, May 22, 1849, Reel 71, LC.
92 “I have great trouble . . . headdress”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, May 1849, Reel 43, LC.
93 students at the École de Médecine: McCullough, Greater Journey, 106–7.
93 “Well,” she sighed: Elizabeth to Emily, June 1849, Reel 42, LC.
93 “Some of them are certain”: “An American Doctress,” Daily Union (Washington), July 27, 1849, 1.
93 “hung round with”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, October 22, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
94 “I am obliged”: Ibid.
94 “He will pursue”: Elizabeth to Marian, June 5, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
94 “ignorant and degraded . . . in the world”: Ibid.
95 “fearful descent . . . in the world”: Elizabeth to Kenyon, June 22, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
95 “We passed through”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 121.
96 “Young ladies all”: “An M.D. in a Gown,” Punch 16 (1849): 226.
96 “funniest little cabinet”: Elizabeth to Hannah, July 1, 1849 Reel 42, LC.
97 “tremendous projecting teeth”: Elizabeth to Howard, July 1849, Reel 42, LC.
97 “with the injunction”: Elizabeth to Hannah, July 1, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
97 “a large wooden stand . . . very droll”: Ibid.
98 “I almost fainted”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 143.
98 Her dortoir: Elizabeth to Hannah, July 1, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
98 “Of course I lie”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, August 1849, Reel 42, LC.
99 “I am learning to take wine”: Elizabeth to Hannah, July 1, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
99 “we have every variety”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, August 1849, Reel 42, LC.
100 “deliciously reposing”: Ibid.
100 “I have been handling”: Elizabeth to Hannah, July 1, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
100 “a very intelligent . . . affection”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, August 1849, Reel 42, LC.
100 “Shall I describe”: Elizabeth to Henry, 1849, Reel 50, LC.
101 “he colours”: Ibid.
101 “His sentiments”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 146.
101 “I think he must have been”: Ibid., 144.
102 “and it sounded”: Elizabeth to Hannah, July 1, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
102 “Everything delights them”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 140.
102 “promenading the bedsteads”: Elizabeth to Henry, 1849, Reel 50, LC.
102 “He wished I would”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 144.
103 “I am actually”: Elizabeth to Marian, 1849, Reel 76, LC.
103 “the pleasure of looking”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, October 22, 1849, Reel 42, LC.
103 “a woman of great experience”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, August 1849, Reel 42, LC.
103 “I imagined a whole romance”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 147–48.
CHAPTER 7: SETBACK
104 “a little grain of sand”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 154.
105 a pharmacopeia: James Rennie, A New Supplement to the Pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh, Dublin, and Paris (London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1826), 76ff.
106 “For the first few days . . . poor E’s eye”: Anna to Blackwell family, November 22, 1849, Reel 72, LC.
106 “if the portion mortified”: Ibid.
106 “The pupil presents”: Anna to Blackwell family, December 13, 1849, Reel 72, LC.
107 “She is even sometimes . . . symptoms creates”: Anna to Blackwell family, November 22, 1849, Reel 72, LC.
107 “I do admire”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 156.
108 en congé illimité: Registre d’entrée des Élèves Sages-Femmes, Cours de 1849 à 1850, La Maternité.
108 “I felt very weak”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 157.
108 “as through thick mist”: Sam’s journal, February 3, 1850, Folder 90v, Collection A77, SL.
108 “I suffered according to”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, January 15, 1850, Reel 42, LC.
109 “son excellente conduit”: Paul Antoine Dubois, April 29, 1850, Reel 46, LC.
109 “as soon as I can”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, c. January 21, 1850, Reel 72, LC.
109 “a real sororal gem”: Sam to Emily, February 20, 1850, Folder 96, Collection MC411, SL.
109 “son noble caractère”: Hippolyte Blot to Blackwell family, February 15, 1850, Reel 43, LC.
109 “I regard her course”: Marian to Charles and Eliza Lane, January 15, 1850, Folder 21, Collection A145, SL.
109 Currer Bell’s Shirley: Sam’s journal, December 27, 1849, Folder 90v, Collection A77, SL.
110 “Everyone will be prepared”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, March 7, 1850, Reel 42, LC.
110 Henderson’s discomforts: Emily to Sam, March 31, 1850, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
110 “I think I never”: Emily to Sam, April 7, 1850, Reel 74, LC.
110 “Farewell embryo Esculapius!”: Henry to Emily, April 27, 1850, Folder 96, Collection MC411, SL.
110 “infernal regions . . . free state”: Emily to Sam, April 7, 1850, Reel 74, LC.
111 “I can imagine you”: Elizabeth to Emily, June 5, 1850, Reel 74, LC.
111 “I have been placed”: Ibid.
111 “My intention”: Ibid.
112 “My kind young physician . . . roses”: Ibid.
112 “I beg Uncle”: Elizabeth to Charles and Eliza Lane, 1850, Folder 22, Collection MC411, SL.
113 “The most beautiful picture”: Elizabeth’s journal, July 3, 1850, Reel 47, LC.
114 “I wrote to him”: Ibid., June 25, 1850.
114 “only the embrace”: Ibid., July 3, 1850.
114 “feeling decidedly blue”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, June 1850, Reel 42, LC.
114 “the High Priest of water”: Elizabeth to John Dickson, December 15, 1850, Reel 42, LC.
114 “honest & good . . . things with you”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, June 1850, Reel 42, LC.
114 “something like one of our cotton manufactories . . . swallow it”: Ibid.
115 “Everybody seems . . . demands of the place”: Ibid.
115 “The abreibung”: Elizabeth’s journal, June 26, 1850, Reel 47, LC.
115 “too stimulating”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 163.
116 “It is a sad business”: Anna to Eliza Lane, August 31, 1850, Folder 22, Collection MC411, SL.
116 “That poor only eye”: Sam to Emily, October 21, 1850, Folder 96, Collection MC411, SL.
CHAPTER 8: LONDON
117 “I must go to bed”: Emily’s journal, June 5, 1851, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
117 “served up with its legs”: Emily to George, October 29, 1850, Folder 179, Collection MC411, SL.
117 “I wish I could acquire”: Emily’s journal, August 20, 1850, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
117 “I certainly have”: Ibid., August 24, 1850.
118 “If I get anything . . . of my disposition”: Ibid., June 15, 1851.
119 “You will be greatly pleased”: Henry to Elizabeth, May 5, 1851, Folder 134, Collection MC411, SL.
120 “terrible discharging tumour”: Emily’s journal, March 24, 1851, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
120 “I have been teaching”: Ibid., June 18, 1851.
120 “the dingy look”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, October 20, 1850, Reel 42, LC.
120 “I will not speak of him”: Ibid.
121 “a charming young Parisienne”: Anna to Eliza Lane, August 31, 1850, Folder 22, Collection MC411, SL.
121 “A little dark figure”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 169.
121 sounds, sights, and smells: “Twenty-four Hours in a London Hospital,” Household Words 2, no. 46 (February 8, 1851): 457–64.
122 terms of Elizabeth’s admission: St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical Council minutes, May 23, 1850, 37, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Archive.
122 “Auscultation shows”: Elizabeth’s notes at St. Bartholomew’s, November 22, 1850, Reel 46, LC.
123 “Well we have our ‘Lady Doctor’ ”: Paget, Memoirs of Paget, 168–69.
123 “gentlemanly fellows”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, October 20, 1850, Reel 42, LC.
123 “Women so dressed out”: Ibid.
123 “I am prepared”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 170.
123 “Here there is no excitement”: Elizabeth to Samuel Dickson, December 15, 1850, Reel 42, LC.
123 “I must confess”: Elizabeth to Blackwell family, October 20, 1850, Reel 42, LC.
124 “neither hydropathy . . . rational course?”: Elizabeth to Emily, November 20, 1850, Reel 74, LC.
124 “that bedside knowledge”: Elizabeth to Samuel Dickson, December 15, 1850, Reel 42, LC.
124 “All the gentlemen . . . the boys”: Elizabeth to Emily, November 20, 1850, Reel 74, LC.
124 “people whose position”: Ibid.
125 “She is really”: Ibid.
125 “Such a tale!”: Bessie Parkes to Barbara Leigh Smith, November 13, 1850, CU.
126 “I cannot sympathise”: Elizabeth to Marian, December 24, 1850, Reel 76, LC.
126 “grand moral army . . . fetter them”: Elizabeth to Samuel Dickson, December 15, 1850, Reel 42, LC.
126 “I have forgotten”: Elizabeth to Marian, December 24, 1850, Reel 76, LC.
127 “with the most hearty”: Elizabeth to Emily, April 4, 1851, Reel 74, LC.
127 “Dear Lady Byron”: Elizabeth to Lady Byron, March 4, 1851, Reel 42, LC.
128 “My earliest ideal”: Lady Byron to Elizabeth, March 31, 1851, Reel 42, LC.
128 “But I do not desire”: Lady Byron to Elizabeth, March 27, 1851, Reel 42, LC.
128 “The oneness of dependency”: Lady Byron to Elizabeth, March 31, 1851, Reel 42, LC.
128 “Life opens to me”: Elizabeth to Emily, April 4, 1851, Reel 74, LC.
129 “To be nailed”: Gill, Nightingales, 228.
129 Embley Park: Ibid., 78.
129 “Walked much”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 185.
130 “Woman stands askew”: The Institution of Kaiserswerth on the Rhine, for the Practical Training of Deaconesses, Under the Direction of the Rev. Pastor Fliedner . . . (London: London Ragged Colonial Training School, 1851), 6.
130 “Do you know . . . true communion”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 185.
130 “My own mind”: Elizabeth to Emily, April 4, 1851, Reel 74, LC.
131 “zeal and assiduity”: George Burrows, testimonial, July 16, 1851, Reel 46, LC.
131 “They have learned”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 187.
131 “I very nearly astounded”: Bessie Parkes to Elizabeth, July 22, 1851, Reel 43, LC.
CHAPTER 9: PRACTICE
132 “Miss Elizabeth Blackwell”: New-York Daily Tribune, September 12, 1851, 4.
134 “I think I have mentioned”: Elizabeth to Marian, March 8, 1846, Reel 46, LC.
134 “I do not think”: Anna to Eliza Lane, October 3, 1851, Folder 22, Collection MC411, SL.
134 “to married women”: Sun (New York), March 18, 1839.
135 “female pills”: Sun (New York), May 9, 1839.
136 “a monster”: Gunning S. Bedford, “Vaginal Hysterotomy,” New York Journal of Medicine and the Collateral Sciences 2, no. 5 (1844).
136 “Nature is appalled”: Wonderful Trial of Caroline Lohman, 5.
136 “She has made enough money”: New-York Tribune, March 26, 1844, 2.
137 “this noted ‘Doctress’ ”: “Madame Restell, and Some of Her Dupes,” New-York Medical and Surgical Reporter 1, no. 10 (February 21, 1846): 158.
138 “The gross perversion”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 30.
138 “horrible cupidity”: New-York Tribune, April 30, 1841, 2.
138 “This announcement”: New-York Daily Tribune, September 12, 1851, 4.
138 “Blackwell Elizabeth, physician”: The Directory of the City of New-York, for 1852–1853 (New York: John F. Trow, 1852), 510.
139 “insolent letters”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 190.
139 “I imagine you”: Emily to Elizabeth, September 28, 1851, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
139 “I fear this stupid”: Emily’s journal, August 29, 1851, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
139 “I am convinced”: Elizabeth to Lady Byron, March 2, 1852, Reel 42, LC.
140 “Now though it might”: Elizabeth to Emily, September 27, 1851, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
140 “I must tell you”: Emily to Elizabeth, September 28, 1851, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
140 “I came home tired”: Emily’s journal, October 4, 1851, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
141 “though the large majority”: Ibid., December 9, 1851.
141 “the Faculty deems it”: Frederick C. Waite, “Dr. Nancy E. (Talbot) Clark: The Second Woman Graduate in Medicine to Practice in Boston,” New England Journal of Medicine 205, no. 25 (December 17, 1931): 1195–98.
141 “I ask myself often”: Ibid., November 23, 1851.
141 “with higher objects”: Ibid., January 6, 1852.
141 “I think often my intense”: Ibid., January 8, 1852.
141 “It gives a wonderful zest”: Ibid., June 22, 1852.
142 “Send me a scrap”: Elizabeth to Emily, February 8, 1852, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
143 “The mother, forgetful”: Blackwell, Laws of Life, 78.
143 “physical conditions”: Ibid., 145.
143 “I believe that the chief source”: Elizabeth to Hannah Darlington, May 27, 1852, Reel 42, LC.
144 “These lectures”: Blackwell, Laws of Life, 5.
144 “She certainly has”: Emily’s journal, March 23, 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
144 “Oh dear”: Elizabeth to Emily, 1852, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
144 “By the bye”: Elizabeth to Emily, May 9, 1852, ibid.
145 “A most extraordinary case!”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 195.
146 “That experience has been”: Marian to Emily, March 23, 1852, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
146 “his clear perception”: Elizabeth to Emily, May 9, 1852, ibid.
147 “I have marked out”: Emily’s journal, July 9, 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
147 “So Milly is actually”: Elizabeth to Sam, July 18, 1852, Folder 62, Collection MC411, SL.
CHAPTER 10: ADMISSION, AGAIN
148 glass prosthetic glinted: Sam’s journal, June 4, 1852, Folder 1.3, Collection M715, SL.
148 “From Wednesday noon”: Emily’s journal, July 24, 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
148 “Her visit gave me”: Elizabeth to Lady Byron, August 5, 1852, Reel 42, LC.
149 “The men did not wear”: Emily’s journal, August 3, 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
149 “a different country”: Ibid., July 24, 1852.
150 “Why Milly”: Ibid., August 11, 1852.
150 “I like the room”: Elizabeth to Emily, May 9, 1852, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
150 “warehouse for the destitute”: Oshinsky, Bellevue, 51.
150 “Now my dear”: Emily’s journal, September 1, 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
151 “Yesterday I had . . . operation, & me”: Emily to George, September 2, 1852, Folder 120, Collection A145, SL.
151 “I shall certainly find”: Emily’s journal, September 2, 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
151 “Rather different kind”: Emily to George, September 2, 1852, Folder 120, Collection A145, SL.
151 “The young Drs”: Emily’s journal, October 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
152 “They are all willing”: Emily to Elizabeth, October 30, 1852, Folder 165, Collection MC411, SL.
152 “I have introduced”: Emily’s journal, October 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
152 “I have today completed”: Emily to George, November 27, 1852, Folder 168, Collection MC411, SL.
153 “dirty little Chicago”: Emily to Elizabeth, undated, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
153 “external generative organs”: Emily’s journal, November 7, 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
153 “I like Dr Brainard”: Emily to George, November 27, 1852, Folder 168, Collection MC411, SL.
153 “Doctor, you don’t”: Emily’s journal, December 1, 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
154 “The Dr has no other”: Emily to Henry, December 5, 1852, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
154 “And so two weeks”: Emily’s journal, December 15, 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
154 “I examined them”: Emily to Elizabeth, December 20, 1852, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
155 “would I believe admit”: Emily to Elizabeth, December 25, 1852, ibid.
155 “has liked me thoroughly”: Ibid.
155 “I would choose”: Emily’s journal, December 19, 1852, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
155 “I have come . . . carry them out”: Ibid., January 9, 1853.
156 “nothing more ghostly”: Sam’s journal, December 26, 1852, Folder 1.3, Collection M715, SL.
156 “Her letters often”: Emily’s journal, January 14, 1853, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
156 “I do hope”: Emily to Elizabeth, 1853, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
157 “He said any young”: Emily to Elizabeth, December 25, 1852, ibid.
157 a dispensary: a free clinic: “Report on the Condition of the Dispensaries of the State of New York,” in Annual Report of the State Board of Charities for the Year 1897 (New York: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co., 1898), 1:616–54.
157 “say, the New York Institution . . . it’s true”: Emily to Elizabeth, December 25, 1852, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
158 “I have often thought”: Emily’s journal, June 16, 1853, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
158 “He told me the trustees”: Ibid., May 7, 1853.
158 oyster supper: Henry to Sam, May 8, 1853, Folder 134, Collection MC411, SL.
158 “We had quite a merry”: Emily’s journal, May 8, 1853, Folder 180, Collection A77, SL.
158 “I do not feel perfectly”: Ibid., June 9, 1853.
158 “nervous oppressive discomfort”: Ibid., January 14, 1853.
159 “The future lies black”: Ibid., October 8, 1853.
159 “I find I shall have”: Ibid., November 27, 1853.
159 “It is too absurd”: “Throw Physic to the Dogs, I’ll None of It,” Chicago Tribune, November 30, 1853, 2.
159 “In behalf of”: “Letter to the Editor,” Chicago Tribune, December 3, 1853, 2.
160 “I am beginning to feel”: Emily’s journal, December 11, 1853, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
160 “That is the only student”: Sam’s journal, February 26, 1854, Folder 1.3, Collection M715, SL.
160 “it was not often that roses”: Emily’s journal, February 17, 1854, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
160 “Emily is now Dr. Emily”: Anna Blackwell, “Elizabeth Blackwell,” English Woman’s Journal 1, no. 2 (April 1858): 98.
160 “The Principles Involved”: Ibid.
160 “not only successfully”: Sam’s journal, February 26, 1854, Folder 1.3, Collection M715, SL.
CHAPTER 11: EDINBURGH
161 “Judging from the fine”: Emily to Blackwell family, March 30, 1854, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
161 Steamship Arabia: “The Royal Mail Steam-Ship ‘Arabia,’ ” Illustrated London News, January 8, 1853, 29.
161 “a little solitary”: Emily to Blackwell family, April 1, 1854, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
162 “The design of this institution”: First Annual Report of the New York Dispensary for Indigent Women and Children, 1855, Folder 50, Collection A145, SL.
162 “medical practitioners of either sex”: “The New York Infirmary for Indigent Women & Children, Minutes of the Board of Managers, Dec 1853 . . . ,” Weill Cornell Archive.
162 tacked a card: Elizabeth to Emily, April 20, 1854, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
163 “pecuniary . . . for a time”: First Annual Report of the New York Dispensary for Indigent Women and Children (1855), Folder 50, Collection A145, SL.
163 “the people struck me . . . hedgerow”: Emily to Blackwell family, April 1, 1854, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
164 “another Dr. Blackwell . . . sérieux”: Emily to Blackwell family, April 15, 1854, ibid.
164 “The hills grew . . . touched with grey”: Emily to Blackwell family, May 10, 1854, ibid.
166 head of Zeus: McCrae, Simpson, 63.
167 “There was one . . . carriage”: Emily to Blackwell family, May 10, 1854, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
168 “surrounded by”: Ibid.
168 “I believe I shall”: Ibid.
168 “fast set”: Emily to Elizabeth, June 20, 1854, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
169 “most decent”: Emily to Blackwell family, June 24, 1854, ibid.
170 “I looked grave”: Emily to Elizabeth, June 2, 1854, ibid.
170 “He makes a physical”: Ibid.
170 “He has made in this way”: Emily to Elizabeth, June 20, 1854, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
171 “I have not seen”: Emily to Elizabeth, July 1854, ibid.
171 “Through August”: Emily to Blackwell family, July 7, 1854, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
171 “Period generally”: Anna to Emily, September 12, 1854, Folder 27, Collection MC411, SL.
171 gynecological remedies: Lady Northesk, 1850, Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh archive.
171 “galvanic pessary”: Emily to Elizabeth, May 15, 1854, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
172 “I have yet to be”: Emily to Elizabeth, June 2, 1854, ibid.
172 he performed frequently: Emily to Elizabeth, July 24, 1854, ibid.
172 He inserted it: Sims, “On the Surgical Treatment,” 55.
173 “forthwith quitted”: “A Female M.D.,” Caledonian Mercury, September 25, 1854, 2.
173 “I wish while they”: Emily to Blackwell family, October 1, 1854, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
173 “ineffaceable hostility”: Elizabeth to Emily, August 11, 1854, Reel 74, LC.
173 “a joke which appeared”: Emily to Blackwell family, August 22, 1854, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
173 “He rather likes the novelty”: Emily to Elizabeth, September 4, 1854, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
174 “The whole case”: Elizabeth to Emily, January 23, 1855, Folder 65, Collection A145, SL.
174 “I believe it has made”: Emily to Blackwell family, January 1, 1855, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
174 “made a Dr of me”: Emily to Elizabeth, January 29, 1855, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
174 “as I shall not”: Emily to Elizabeth, November 5, 1854, ibid.
174 “She will probably thus”: Elizabeth to Emily, November 13, 1854, Reel 74, LC.
174 “It seems strange”: “From a Correspondent in England,” Una 3, no. 1 (January 1855): 10.
175 “in which article”: Emily to Blackwell family, November 27, 1854, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
175 “I do think you have assumed”: Lovejoy, Women Doctors, 52.
CHAPTER 12: NEW FACES
177 “This medical solitude”: Elizabeth to Emily, May 12, 1854, Reel 74, LC.
177 “With few talents”: Vietor, Woman’s Quest, 3.
177 “I thanked him”: Dall, Practical Illustration, 105.
178 “She knows far more”: Elizabeth to Emily, May 22, 1854, DF.
179 “My sister has just”: Vietor, Woman’s Quest, 113.
179 “Yesterday little Mrs. Clark”: Elizabeth to Emily, April 20, 1854, Folder 45, Collection MC411, SL.
179 “Would her companionship”: Ibid.
179 “I don’t want her”: Emily to Elizabeth, c. July 6, 1854, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
179 “A more ignorant”: Emily to Elizabeth, June 2, 1854, ibid.
179 “I fancy she’s”: Elizabeth to Emily, August 11, 1854, Reel 74, LC.
180 “much grander”: Elizabeth to Emily, May 22, 1854, DF.
180 “You must settle”: Ibid.
181 “My Dispensary business”: Elizabeth to Emily, July 24, 1854, Folder 65, Collection A145, SL.
181 “I look on the little”: Emily to Elizabeth, July 24, 1854, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
181 filling the margins: Emily to Elizabeth, July 14, 1854, ibid.
181 “She cried oh”: Elizabeth to Emily, August 11, 1854, Reel 74, LC.
182 “I found my mind”: Boyd, Excellent Doctor Blackwell, 174.
182 “Infant Congress”: W. H. Davenport, “The Nurseries on Randall’s Island,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 36, no. 11 (December 1867): 8–24.
182 “great depot”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon and Bessie Parkes, June 3, 1856, Folder 2, MS#0124, CU.
183 “I must tell you”: Elizabeth to Emily, October 1, 1854, Reel 74, LC.
183 “She is a sturdy”: Ibid.
183 “Oh nice God”: Sam’s journal, November 19, 1854, Folder 1.3, Collection M715, SL.
183 “Doctor,” she exclaimed: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 198.
183 “I have had, and I shall”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon and Bessie Parkes, June 3, 1856, Folder 2, MS#0124, CU.
183 “Oh Doctor”: Ibid.
184 “very pleasant-voiced”: Kitty, “Reminiscences,” Folder 650, Collection MC411, SL.
185 “I decidedly prefer”: Henry to Sam, June 2, 1853, Reel 50, LC.
186 “I think you will like”: Henry to Lucy Stone, June 13, 1853, in Wheeler, Loving Warriors, 36.
186 “If both parties”: Henry to Lucy Stone, July 2, 1853, ibid., 45.
186 “I am very glad”: Lucy Stone to Henry, September 10, 1854, ibid., 98–99.
187 “You shall choose”: Henry to Lucy Stone, December 22, 1854, ibid., 109.
187 “Lucy, I wish”: Henry to Lucy Stone, January 3, 1855, ibid., 116.
187 “We view life”: Elizabeth to Henry, December 27, 1854, Reel 50, LC.
187 “morbid craving”: Elizabeth to Emily, September 15, 1854, Reel 74, LC.
187 “We must absolutely”: Elizabeth to Emily, January 23, 1855, Folder 65, Collection A145, SL.
187 “I hope that intercourse”: Emily to Elizabeth, January 29, 1855, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
187 “Sam says”: Marian, quoted in Elizabeth to Emily, January 23, 1855, Folder 65, Collection A145, SL.
188 “She has very good taste”: Henry to Lucy Stone, February 13, 1855, in Wheeler, Loving Warriors, 122.
188 “I protest against”: Elizabeth to Henry, February 22, 1855, Reel 50, LC.
188 “this act on our part”: “Protest Published by Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell, on their Marriage, May 1st 1855,” DF.
189 “putting Lucy Stone”: Lucy Stone to Antoinette Brown, March 29, 1855, in Wheeler, Loving Warriors, 128.
189 “a young woman of strange”: Quoted in Wheeler, Loving Warriors, 16.
190 Henry had tried: Henry to Antoinette Brown, April 16, 1855, Reel 50, LC.
190 “I forgot my drenched”: Sam’s journal, November 8, 1854, Folder 1.3, Collection M715, SL.
190 “The love of her”: Ibid., December 16, 1855.
190 “They are for you”: Antoinette Brown to Sam, December 22, 1855, in Hays, Extraordinary Blackwells, 122.
190 “spirited miscellaneous kissing”: Sam’s journal, March 2, 1856, Folder 1.3, Collection M715, SL.
190 “alone of all men”: Lucy Stone to Antoinette Brown, January 20, 1856, in Hays, Extraordinary Blackwells, 122.
191 “You are a little wretch”: Lucy Stone to Susan B. Anthony, in Wheeler, Loving Warriors, 142–43.
191 “Would you like to see”: Kitty, “Reminiscences,” Folder 650, Collection MC411, SL.
192 “Thanks to our judicious”: Sam’s journal, November 9, 1856, Folder 1.3, Collection M715, SL.
192 “I have experienced”: Emily to Elizabeth, March 23, 1855, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
192 “ardent love”: Anna Blackwell, “Elizabeth Blackwell,” English Woman’s Journal 1, no. 2 (April 1858): 99.
193 “The surname of the lady”: “Physicians in Muslin,” Punch, April 5, 1856, 133.
193 “The European hospitals”: Emily to Elizabeth, September 16, 1855, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
193 “old fogies”: Emily to Elizabeth, June 1855, Folder 165, Collection MC411, SL.
194 “As things have turned out”: Anna to Blackwells, April 14, 1856, Folder 22, Collection MC411, SL.
CHAPTER 13: INFIRMARY
195 “I have no turn”: Elizabeth to Henry, December 23, 1855, Folder 62, Collection MC411, SL.
195 “Dr. Sims has never called”: Elizabeth to Emily, 1855, Reel 74, LC.
196 “Women have always presided”: Blackwell, Medical Education of Women, 3.
196 “The midwife must”: Ibid., 5.
196 “The grandest name”: Ibid., 5–6.
197 “their ignorance”: Ibid., 8.
197 “unnatural and monstrous”: Ibid., 8.
197 “bitter mortification”: Ibid., 9.
197 “utter want of delicacy”: Ibid., 8.
197 “There is but one way”: Ibid., 14.
197 “sound judgment”: Ibid., 15.
198 “There was scarcely any life”: Vietor, Woman’s Quest, 183.
198 “If you must talk”: Ibid., 197.
198 “designed to meet”: Circular, June 2, 1856, Folder 83, Collection MC411, SL.
198 “I shall have an Art”: Elizabeth to Emily, June 20, 1856, Folder 68, Collection MC411, SL.
199 “This enterprise must not”: New-York Tribune, December 15, 1856, 7.
200 “manifested the capacity”: “Female Physicians,” New-York Tribune, December 5, 1856, 7.
200 “Debauchery”: Charles Dickens, American Notes for General Circulation (London: Chapman & Hall, 1842), 1:212.
200 “She must have both”: Florence Nightingale to Emily, May 12, 1856, Folder 70, Collection MC411, SL.
201 “Beecher’s theater”: Applegate, Most Famous Man, 299.
202 five thousand dollars: Ibid., 291, 294.
202 William Elder: “New York Infirmary for Women and Children,” New York Daily Herald, May 13, 1857, 3; “Opening of the New-York Infirmary for Women and Children,” New-York Tribune, May 13, 1857, 4.
202 “Elizabeth Blackwell seemed”: Boyd, Excellent Doctor Blackwell, 190.
203 “fully respectable”: Vietor, Woman’s Quest, 209.
204 “It is a principle”: Fourth Annual Report of the New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children for the Year 1857 (New York: Baker & Taylor, 1858), NYAM. Fourth counts from the founding of the dispensary in 1853; this was the first annual published after the founding of the infirmary.
205 “What the Lady Doctors Are Doing”: “What the Lady Doctors Are Doing,” New-York Times, July 24, 1857, 8.
205 “I found that she also”: Vietor, Woman’s Quest, 185.
206 “Night after night”: Sixth Annual Report of the New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children for the Year 1859 (New York: Baptist & Taylor, 1860), 7.
206 “unpleasant annoyances”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 197.
206 “killing women in childbirth”: Vietor, Woman’s Quest, 219.
206 “It was a sight”: Ibid., 227.
207 “I informed him”: Elizabeth to Emily, July 11, 1857, Reel 74, LC.
207 “I have been delighted”: Elizabeth to George, June 22, 1857, Folder 51, Collection MC411, SL.
207 “the kindly, home-like way”: Fourth Annual Report of the New York Infirmary, 7.
208 “Its funds have been”: “The Woman’s Own Hospital,” New-York Times, July 12, 1858, 4.
208 “She sprang up”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 210.
208 “When a woman has won”: “The Position of Women,” Philadelphia Press, August 25, 1857.
208 “Your kind thought”: Elizabeth to Lady Byron, December 27, 1857, Reel 42, LC.
CHAPTER 14: RECOGNITION
210 “I am going to tell you”: Elizabeth to George, June 9, 1858, Folder 51, Collection MC411, SL.
210 “I should not object”: Emily to George, August 25, 1857, Folder 168, Collection MC411, SL.
210 “Life in New York”: Elizabeth to George, June 9, 1858, Folder 51, Collection MC411, SL.
211 “Whatever happened”: Emily to Elizabeth, April 9, 1859, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
211 “very general misapprehension”: Anna Blackwell, “Elizabeth Blackwell,” English Woman’s Journal 1, no. 2 (April 1858): 80.
211 “incapable of resorting”: Ibid., 94.
212 “I think it very desirable”: Elizabeth to George, June 9, 1858, Folder 51, Collection MC411, SL.
212 “An agony of doubt”: Emily’s journal, June 20, 1858, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
213 “She needs change”: Emily to George, July 13, 1858, Folder 168, Collection MC411, SL.
213 “throw Kitty overboard”: Elizabeth to Emily, August 21, 1858, Reel 74, LC.
213 “Dear Kittykin”: Elizabeth to Kitty, October 1, 1858, Reel 42, LC.
214 “Having read, small as I was”: Kitty, “Reminiscences,” Folder 650, Collection MC411, SL.
215 “heartfelt welcome”: Lady Byron et al. to Elizabeth, 1859, Reel 46, LC.
215 “represents an exaggeratedly”: Elizabeth to Emily, November 1858, Reel 74, LC.
215 “You can hardly have . . . leech”: Elizabeth, lecture draft, 1859, Reel 44, LC.
216 “I cannot help thinking”: Elizabeth to Emily, January 11, 1859, Folder 46, Collection MC411, SL.
217 “She feels”: Ibid.
217 “She thinks moreover”: Ibid.
217 “She wishes, I see”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, March 16, 1859, Folder 3, MS#0124, CU.
217 “I remember my impression”: Florence Nightingale to Elizabeth, February 10, 1859, in Boyd, Excellent Doctor Blackwell, 217.
218 “FN’s idea”: Emily to Elizabeth, February 8, 1859, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
218 “Keep quietly clear”: Emily to Elizabeth, April 9, 1859, ibid.
218 “The most characteristic”: Elizabeth to Emily, January 28, 1859, Folder 50, Collection MC411, SL.
218 “I can hardly tell you”: Ibid.
219 “shriek of horror”: Elizabeth to George, February 26, 1859, Folder 51, Collection MC411, SL.
219 “about 150 people”: Elizabeth to Emily, March 4, 1859, Folder 50, Collection MC411, SL.
219 “Now, let us for a moment”: “Lectures by a Lady-Doctor,” Chambers’s Journal of Popular Literature Science and Arts, no. 276 (April 16, 1859): 255–56.
219 “something definite”: Elizabeth Garrett to Emily Davies, March 23, 1861, Autograph Letters of Dr. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, 1860–1939, ref. GB 106 9/10, Women’s Library.
219 “Last night I saw”: Elizabeth to Emily, June 17, 1859, Reel 74, LC.
219 “I remember feeling”: Elizabeth Garrett to Emily Davies, March 23, 1861, Autograph Letters of Dr. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, 1860–1939, ref. GB 106 9/10, Women’s Library.
219 “There is an immense charm”: Elizabeth to Emily, April 15, 1859, Reel 74, LC.
220 “I do not think you know”: Florence Nightingale to Elizabeth, March 7, 1859, Reel 43, LC.
220 “They have got so completely”: Emily to Elizabeth, November 21, 1858, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
220 “a younger, less well known”: Emily to Elizabeth, March 16, 1859, ibid.
220 “My liking is for Europe”: Emily to Elizabeth, January 7, 1859, ibid.
221 “as her sister, Dr. Emily”: “Passing Events,” English Woman’s Journal 3, no. 13 (March 1859): 72.
221 “In looking over the book”: Emily to Elizabeth, October 1, 1858, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
221 “She is evidently desirous”: Emily to Elizabeth, October 15, 1858, ibid.
221 “Z doesn’t even make”: Emily to Elizabeth, January 7, 1859, ibid.
221 “The whole affair”: Emily to Elizabeth, December 27, 1858, ibid.
222 “I felt that a larger”: Vietor, Woman’s Quest, 237.
222 “We can not make the hospital”: Emily to Elizabeth, November 21, 1858, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
222 “If ever I come”: Emily to Elizabeth, April 9, 1859, ibid.
222 “one of those old”: Ibid.
222 “I have had our names”: Emily to Elizabeth, April 16, 1859, ibid.
222 “Blackwell Emily”: Trow’s New York City Directory for the Year Ending May 1, 1859, 78, Digital Collections, New York Public Library.
222 “Blackwell Elizabeth & Emily”: Trow’s New York City Directory for the Year Ending May 1, 1860, 81, Digital Collections, New York Public Library.
223 “get people to regard us”: Emily to Elizabeth, April 16, 1859, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
223 “half crazy”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, May 7, 1859, MS#0124, CU.
223 “I confess I’ve had”: Elizabeth to Emily, April 11, 1859, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
223 “I have only one”: Elizabeth to Emily, June 17, 1859, Reel 74, LC.
223 “Your registration”: Emily to Elizabeth, July 5, 1859, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
CHAPTER 15: WAR
224 “I wrote the above”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, April 23, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
224 “the overbearing insolence”: Elizabeth to Emily, June 20, 1856, Folder 68, Collection MC411, SL.
224 “I think it is much more”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, April 13, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
225 “their true position”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, June 23, 1860, MS#0124, CU.
225 “I do not look on a good”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, April 13, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
225 “Doubt is disease”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, undated, MS#0124, CU.
225 “She has taken an extreme”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, December 2, 1860, MS#0124, CU.
225 “We are compelled”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, April 23, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
226 “To the Women of New York”: “An Appeal,” New-York Times, April 28, 1861.
226 “God bless the women!”: “Ladies’ Military Relief Meeting at the Cooper Institute,” New-York Tribune, April 20, 1861.
227 “Every woman is a nurse”: Nightingale, Notes on Nursing, 3.
227 “There has been a perfect mania”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, June 5, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
227 Emily even traveled: “A Fragment of Cousin Kitty’s Reminiscences,” dictated by Kitty to George H. Blackwell, August 1933, Collection of Martin Dornbaum and Patricia Simino Boyce, Health Professions Education Center, Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing. A second, slightly different version was sent to me by Jane Carey Blackwell Bloomfield, daughter of George H. Blackwell and great-granddaughter of Elizabeth and Emily's youngest brother, George W. Blackwell.
227 “On the Selection”: “Report Concerning the Woman’s Central Association of Relief at New York to the U.S. Sanitary Commission at Washington, Oct. 12, 1861,” Sanitary Commission No. 32 (New York: Wm. C. Bryant & Co., 1861), 24–26.
228 “Girls of eighteen”: “A Fragment of Cousin Kitty’s Reminiscences,” August 1933.
229 Bellows’s proposal: “Report Concerning the Woman’s Central Association of Relief at New York to the U.S. Sanitary Commission at Washington, Oct. 12, 1861,” 20.
229 “to have anything to do”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, June 5, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
229 “lest our name”: Emily to Barbara Bodichon, June 1, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
229 “Of course as it is essential”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, June 5, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
229 “Miss Dix, though in many”: Emily to Barbara Bodichon, June 1, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
230 “The government has given”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, June 5, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
230 “We completed the 100”: Elizabeth to George, June 7, 1862, Folder 51, Collection MC411, SL.
230 “They were inclined”: Emily to George, June 16, 1862, Folder 169, ibid.
230 “commutation”: Hays, Extraordinary Blackwells, 151.
230 “I have given up”: Emily to George, August 21, 1862, Folder 169, Collection MC411, SL.
231 “Our carpenter”: Emily to George, September 1, 1862, ibid.
231 As Kitty remembered it: “A Fragment of Cousin Kitty’s Reminiscences,” dictated by Kitty to George, August 1933.
232 “The green flickering”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, June 9, 1863, MS#0124, CU.
232 “villages of tents”: Elizabeth to Emily and Kitty, June 6, 1864, Reel 55, LC.
232 “We have had charming”: Elizabeth to Kitty, June 8, 1864, Reel 55, LC.
232 “making acquaintance”: Ibid.
233 “Why don’t you go up . . . quite in luck”: Ibid.
234 “handsome dark eyed . . . young Doctor”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 16: COLLEGE
235 “They have each quite”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, January 14, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
235 “I am sick of the farce”: Emily to Elizabeth, November 10, 1858, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
235 “It is the old difference”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, January 14, 1861, MS#0124, CU.
236 “sentimental air . . . doing”: Emily to Elizabeth, May 10, 1859, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
236 “If we could have joined”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, June 9, 1863, MS#0124, CU.
236 “Being the first”: Second Annual Announcement and Constitution of the New York Medical College for Women and Hospital for Women and Children (New York, 1864), 7.
236 “The true plan”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, June 9, 1863, MS#0124, CU.
237 “a vulgar little class”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, January 18, 1865, in Boyd, Excellent Doctor Blackwell, 236.
237 “We believe that the time . . . kind of disease”: Blackwell, Medical Education of Women.
238 “It is knowledge”: Ibid.
238 “to enable the corporation”: Constitution and By-Laws of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, and Woman’s Medical College (New York: Wynkoop & Hallenbeck, 1864).
238 “the San Greal”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, September 7, 1864, in Boyd, Excellent Doctor Blackwell, 237.
238 “The great secret”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, May 23, 1865, ibid., 240.
239 “The circle is broken”: Emily’s journal, March 5, 1866, Folder 80, Collection A77, SL.
239 “I had built”: Anna to Blackwell family, March 20, 1866, Folder 22, Collection MC411, SL.
239 “Whether I shall really”: Anna to Elizabeth, April 2, 1866, Reel 71, LC.
239 “a kind of ‘social evil’ ”: Elizabeth Garrett to Louisa Garrett Smith, November 22, 1862, Women's Library.
239 “Science, at best”: “Shall Women Be Doctors?” Lancet 2 (August 3, 1861): 117.
239 “In Miss Garrett”: “Medical News,” British Medical Journal 2 (July 14, 1866): 62.
240 “I have had an unexpected”: Elizabeth to Marian, October 5, 1866, Reel 76, LC.
240 “a very talented girl”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, April 25, 1860, MS#0124, CU.
241 “Little Miss Putnam”: Elizabeth to Marian, October 5, 1866, Reel 76, LC.
241 “a great Spiritualist”: Mary Putnam to Victorine Putnam, October 21, 1866, in Putnam, Life and Letters of Mary, 99.
241 “They will, as always”: Emily to Elizabeth, July 21, 1866, Folder 163, Collection MC411, SL.
242 “The Eye and its Appendages”: Rebecca J. Cole, “The Eye and its Appendages, Submitted as a Thesis to the Faculty of Female Medical College of Pennsylvania,” February 1867, Drexel University Archives and Special Collections.
242 “carried on this work”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 228.
242 “the respectability of a household”: Rebecca J. Cole, “First Meeting of the Women’s Missionary Society of Philadelphia,” Woman’s Era 3, no. 4 (October 1896).
242 “Emily . . . does grandly”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, January 13, 1867, in Boyd, Excellent Doctor Blackwell, 245.
243 “When you write”: Emily to George, April 18, 1867, Folder 169, Collection MC411, SL.
243 “True growth”: Blackwell, Address Delivered at the Opening, 3–4, Reel 48, LC.
243 board of examiners: “The Women’s Medical College of the New York Infirmary,” 1st catalog/announcement, 1868, Reel 48, LC.
243 “This school is the only one”: Blackwell, Address Delivered at the Opening, 13.
244 “keen intuition”: “The Woman’s Medical College,” New-York Times, November 3, 1868, 8.
245 “I’m afraid she won’t”: Elizabeth to Barbara Bodichon, October 28, 1868, CU, in Sahli, “Blackwell.: A Biography,” 165.
245 “If I am to be a doctor”: Sophia Jex-Blake’s journal, April 12, 1868, in Todd, Life of Jex-Blake, 200.
245 “to which she instantly”: Sophia Jex-Blake to Mary Jex-Blake, November 8, 1868, ibid., 206.
245 “In 1869 the early”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 241.
246 “Partnership (of 10 years”: Emily? Notes on partnership, 1869, Folder 191, Collection MC411, SL.
246 “If you would take a peep”: Kitty to Alice, July 10, 1869, Reel 55, LC.
247 wrote a will: Elizabeth’s will, July 14, 1869, Folder 81, Collection MC411, SL.
247 “They claim me”: Elizabeth to Samuel Willetts, October 18, 1869, Folder 62, ibid.
247 “I am settled”: Elizabeth to Kitty, February 23, 1870, Reel 55, LC.
248 “I did not indulge”: Emily to Elizabeth, October 11, 1869, Folder 164, Collection MC411, SL.
248 “I would sink”: Elizabeth to Emily, January 4, 1870, Folder 46, ibid.
248 “I can see very well”: Emily to Elizabeth, 1869, Folder 183, ibid.
248 “build up a little group”: Emily to Elizabeth, April 13, 1870, Folder 164, ibid.
249 “It seemed as though everything”: Ibid.
249 “a graceful & entirely”: Ibid.
249 “Aunt Emily made”: Kitty to Alice, April 5, 1870, Reel 55, LC.
CHAPTER 17: DIVERGENCE
250 “Miss Garrett”: Elizabeth to Emily, August 20, 1869, Folder 46, Collection MC411, SL.
250 “I do indeed congratulate”: Elizabeth to Sophia Jex-Blake, in Todd, Life of Jex-Blake, 264.
251 “Neither Miss Putnam”: Elizabeth to Emily, August 1870, Folder 50, Collection MC411, SL.
251 “I could not have imagined”: Elizabeth to Emily, May 14, 1870, Folder 46, Collection MC411, SL.
252 “You can help me so much”: Elizabeth to Kitty, October 12, 1869, in Boyd, Excellent Doctor Blackwell, 280.
252 “fitted herself into all”: “In Memory of Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell and Dr. Emily Blackwell, January 25, 1911,” NYAM, 12–13.
252 “Prevention is better”: Blackwell, Pioneer Work, 247.
253 “that direful purchase”: Ibid., 243.
254 “exquisite spiritual joys”: Blackwell, Counsel to Parents, 56.
254 “It might almost be read aloud”: Emily to Lucy Stone, January 29, 1879, LC, in Sahli, “Blackwell: A Biography,” 235.
254 “a well-established fact”: Blackwell, Human Element in Sex, 51.
255 “is largely under the control”: Blackwell, How to Keep a Household in Health, 9.
256 “From the outset of marriage”: Blackwell, Medical Address on Malthus, 34.
256 “A man who commits rape”: Ibid., 28.
256 “To a hygienic”: Elizabeth, Pioneer Work, 239.
257 “really of tremendous practical”: Elizabeth to Annie Leigh Browne, April 1902, in Boyd, Excellent Doctor Blackwell, 293.
257 “My ‘Test’ ”: Elizabeth to Emma Stone Blackwell, July 6, 1894, in Sahli, “Blackwell: A Biography,” 341.
257 “I am utterly unwilling”: Emily to Elizabeth, June 15, 1870, Folder 164, Collection MC411, SL.
258 “I cannot describe the shock”: Emily to Elizabeth, August 25, 1870, ibid.
258 “I do not know whether”: Emily to Elizabeth, October 6, 1871, ibid.
258 “It is utterly impossible”: Elizabeth to Mary Putnam, December 31, 1871, in Putnam, Life and Letters of Mary, 307.
259 “It is your mind”: Mary Putnam Jacobi to Elizabeth, December 25, 1888, Reel 43, LC.
259 “She is a bright”: Emily to Kitty, November 14, 1871, Folder 180, Collection MC411, SL.
259 clutching the banister: Emily to Kitty, July 31, 1871, Reel 55, LC.
259 rows of kisses: Nannie to Emily, January 24, 1884, Folder 713, Collection MC411, SL.
260 “They have put down”: Emily to Elizabeth, November 25, 1873, Folder 164, ibid.
261 “You ought to have a partner”: Emily to Alice, January 14, 1884, Reel 73, LC.
261 “like a butcher’s”: Emily to Alice, March 9, 1884, Reel 73, LC.
261 “a remarkably lovely woman”: Mary Putnam Jacobi to Elizabeth, December 25, 1888, Reel 43, LC.
261 “No one could be more kind”: Emily to Elizabeth, February 26, 1896, Reel 74, LC.
261 “The last days”: Elizabeth Cushier to Emily, September 14, n.d., Folder 187, Collection MC411, SL.
262 “On the top floor”: “Woman’s Medical College Burned,” New-York Tribune, April 23, 1897, 4.
262 “We have taken the next”: Emily to Elizabeth, April 27, 1897, Reel 74, LC.
262 “Women students need”: “In Connection with the Burning of the College Building . . . ,” pamphlet, NYAM.
263 “at first in derision”: “Woman Doctors’ College Burned,” Sun (New York), April 23, 1897, 8.
CODA
264 “I understand that is”: “Institution May Close,” New-York Tribune, May 24, 1899, 5.
264 “They have a million”: Emily to Elizabeth, December 27, 1898, Reel 74, LC.
265 “The graduates think”: “Confirmed by Dr. Loomis,” New-York Tribune, May 25, 1899, 9.
265 “had held open the door”: Women’s Medical College of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, 321 East 15th Street, Final Catalogue and Announcement, June 1899, 14.
265 “In every city”: Ibid., 15.
265 Of the eighteen women: “Its Last Commencement,” Sun (New York), May 26, 1899, 4.
266 “You will be brought . . . her sons”: Women’s Medical College of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, 321 East 15th Street, Final Catalogue and Announcement, June 1899, 18–19.
266 “I am glad to feel”: Emily to Elizabeth, December 13, 1899, Reel 74, LC.
266 “I remember how I trembled”: “In Memory of Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell and Dr. Emily Blackwell, January 25, 1911,” NYAM, 23–24.
267 “It is only when we have learned”: Blackwell, Religion of Health, 22.
268 In 1910: Walsh, “Doctors Wanted,” 186.
268 Today thirty-five percent: Federation of State Medical Boards, “FSMB Census of Licensed Physicians in the United States, 2018,” Journal of Medical Regulation 105, no. 2 (2018): 7–23, https://www.fsmb.org/siteassets/advocacy/publications/2018census.pdf