Figures

0.1 The Vyšehrad Codex, c.1086, National Library of the Czech Republic

0.2 Tree of Jesse Detail From the Bible of Saint-Bénigne, Twelfth Century, Bibliothèque municipale de Dijon

0.3 S. Hieronymi Explanatio in Isaiam, c.1125, Bibliothèque municipale de Dijon

0.4 Lambeth Bible, Twelfth Century, Lambeth Palace Library

0.5 Tree of Jesse Detail From the Légendaire de Cîteaux, c.1110–20, Bibliothèque municipale de Dijon

0.6 Bible of Saint Bertin, Twelfth Century, Bibliothèque nationale de France

0.7 Tree of Jesse Window, Twelfth Century, Chartres Cathedral

0.8 Parisian Bible Historiale, c.1414–15, Royal Library of Belgium

1.1 Speculum humanae salvationis, Paris/Flanders, 1430℃50, Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek

1.2 Nativity of the Virgin, Lovell Lectionary, 1403, British Library

1.3 Birth of the Virgin and Tree of Jesse, Speculum humanae salvationis, Netherlandish Blockbook, c.1473–75, British Library

1.4 Birth of the Virgin, Fifty-Page Biblia pauperum Blockbook, 1480–85, Bibliothèque nationale de France

2.1 Holy Kinship and Tree of Jesse, Sandstone Relief, c.1458, Museum Kloster Bentlage

2.2 Holy Kinship and Tree of Jesse, Tapestry, 1501, Cathedral and Diocesan Museum, Mainz

2.3 Tree of Saint Anne, Engraving, Master W with Key, c.1480, The British Museum

2.4 Tree of Jesse, Painted Panel, Gerard David, c.1490, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon

2.5 Kinship of Saint Anne Altarpiece, Centre Panel, c.1500, Sint-Salvatorskathedraal, Bruges

2.6 The Saint Anne Altarpiece, Adolph Daucher, c.1522, Church of Saint Anne, Annaberg-Buchholz

2.7 The Glorification of the Virgin Triptych, Master of the Holy Blood, c.1525, Sint-Jakobskerk, Bruges

2.8 Parents of the Virgin, Painted Panel, Cornelis Schernier Van Coninxloo II, 1526, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium

2.9 Annunciation, From a Philippe Pigouchet/SimonVostre Book of Hours, Paris, 1497, Library of Congress, Washington D.C

2.10 Parents of the Virgin, Stone Relief, Date Unknown, Ulm Münster

2.11 The Holy Kinship Altarpiece, Anonymous Antwerp Artist, c.1520–30, M Museum, Leuven

2.12 Tree of Jesse and Parents of the Virgin, Painted Panel, 1521, Saint Lorenz Church, Erfurt

2.13 Tree of Jesse and Parents of the Virgin, Painted Panel, Peter von Mainz, 1513, Cathedral of Saint Mary, Erfurt

2.14 Meeting at the Golden Gate, Painted Panel, Attributed to the Master of the Morrison Triptych, c.1500, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium

2.15 Annunciation, From a Flemish Book of Hours, c.1520–30, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna

2.16 Parents of the Virgin, Woodcut From a German Prayer Book, Fifteenth Century, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, München

2.17 The Virgin and Tree of Jesse Triptych, Attributed to Peter von Mainz, c.1520, Saint Severus Church, Erfurt

2.18 The Virgin Mary Altarpiece, c.1520, Västerås Cathedral

2.19 Parents of the Virgin, Woodcut (Netherlandish or Hispanic/Flemish), Early Sixteenth Century, Escorial Monastery Library, Madrid

3.1 Frankfurt Altarpiece of Saint Anne from the Carmelite Monastery, Interior Wings, Anonymous Flemish Master, c.1495, Historisches Museum, Frankfurt am Main

3.2 Frankfurt Altarpiece of Saint Anne From the Carmelite Monastery, Exterior Wings, Anonymous Flemish Master, c.1495, Historisches Museum, Frankfurt am Main

3.3 The Life and Parents of Saint Anne Triptych, Anonymous Netherlandish Master, c.1476–85, Musée d’Histoire de la Médecine, Université René Descartes, Paris

3.4 The Virgin of the Carmelites, Painted Panel, Anonymous Flemish Master, c.1500, Museo Lázaro Galdiano, Madrid

3.5 Two Wings From a Kinship of Saint Anne Polyptych, Attributed to a Follower of Bernard van Orley, c.1528, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium

3.6 Legend of Saint Anne Triptych, Exterior Wings, Attributed to Jan van Coninxloo II, 1546, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium

3.7 Saint Anne Polyptych, Interior Wing, Anonymous Netherlandish Master, c.1552, Church of Saint Denis, Vorst

3.8 Vision of the Carmelites, Woodcut From a Latin Missal, c.1535, Royal Library of Belgium

3.9 The Goldene Wunder Altarpiece, First Opening of Wings, Attributed to Adrian van Overbeck, c.1521, Saint Petrikirche, Dortmund

3.10 Altarpiece from the Dominican Church in Frankfurt, Exterior of Wings, Hans Holbein the Elder With Assistance, 1501, Städel Museum, Frankfurt am Main

3.11 Rood Screen of the Former Dominican Church, c.1495, Bern

3.12 Tree of the Dominicans, Wall Painting, c.1450, The Burgkloster, Lübeck

3.13 Genealogical Tree of the Dominicans, Woodcut, 1473, The British Museum

3.14 Tree of Saint Bruno and the Carthusian Order, Woodcut From the Statuta ordinis cartusisensis, c.1510, Basel University Library

3.15 Franciscan Tree Tapestry, 1479, Treasury Museum, Saint Francis in Assisi

3.16 Tree of Life, Painted Panel, Attributed to a Southern German Master, c.1450–1500, Historisches Museum, Frankfurt am Main

3.17 Tree of Jesse, Painted Panel, Attributed to Circle of Geertgen tot Sint Jans, c.1485–95, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

3.18 The Legend of Saint Anne Triptych, c.1513–15, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van Goede Wil, Maria-ter-Heide

4.1 The Schöllenbach Altarpiece, Early Sixteenth Century, Hubert Chapel, Erbach Castle, Hesse

4.2 The Schöllenbach Altarpiece, Painting on Back of Predella

4.3 Virgin and Child, Sandstone, Tilman Riemenschneider, c.1520, Liebieghaus Skulpturen Sammlung, Frankfurt am Main

4.4 Detail of the Virgin and Child From the Rother Altarpiece, Workshop of Niklaus Weckmann, c.1481–1528, Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim

4.5 The Blaubeuren Altarpiece, Michel and Gregor Erhart, c.1494, Former Abbey Church of Saint John the Baptist, Blaubeuren

4.6 Detail, Birth of the John the Baptist, Left Wing of the Blaubeuren Altarpiece, Bartholomäus Zeitblom, c.1494

4.7 Detail, Birth of the Virgin, From the Weingarten Altarpiece Wings, Hans Holbein the Elder, c.1493, Augsburg Cathedral

4.8 The Amorsbrunn Altarpiece, Sixteenth Century, Amorsbrunn Chapel

5.1 Antwerp Passion Altarpiece, c.1525, Saint Victor’s Cathedral, Xanten

5.2 Speculum humanae salvationis, 1330, Benedictine Abbey, Kremsmünster

5.3 Chasuble, Fifteenth Century, Musée national du Moyen Âge, Paris

5.4 The Gifhorn Antwerp Altarpiece, c.1510–20, Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum, Hannover

5.5 The Bocholt Antwerp Altarpiece, c.1525–30, Church of Saint Laurence, Bocholt

5.6 The Pailhe Antwerp Altarpiece, c.1510–30, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium

6.1 Tree of Jesse Window, c.1467–69, Notre-Dame Cathedral, Évreux

6.2 The Catholicon by Johannes Balbus of Janua, Utrecht (?), Inscribed ‘25 January 1457’, Royal Library of Belgium

6.3 Detail of Window With Tree of Jesse, 1470, Church of Saint Maclou, Rouen

6.4 Book of Hours, Use of Rouen, Attributed to Jacob ten Eyken, c.1480, Bodleian Library, Oxford University

6.5 Tree of Jesse Window, Attributed to Arnold of Nijmegen, 1506, Church of Saint Godard, Rouen

6.6 Tree of Saint Anne Window, c.1520–30, Church of Sainte Jeanne d’Arc, Rouen

6.7 Tree of Jesse Window, Attributed to Lyénin Varin, c.1498–99, Cathedral of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, Troyes

6.8 Tree of Jesse Window, Attributed to Jehan Macardé, 1518, Church of Sainte Madeleine, Troyes

6.9 Tree of Jesse Illustration From a Gillet Hardouin Book of Hours, 1503, The Morgan Library and Museum, New York

6.10 Tree of Jesse Window, Attributed to Oliver and Laurent Sodec, 1520, Holy Trinity Church, Kerfeunteun

6.11 Tree of Jesse Window, Attributed to Michel Bayonne, c.1540–50, Church of Saint Peter, Beignon

6.12 Tree of Jesse With Standing Virgin, Wooden Sculpted Group, c.1500–25, Notre-Dame of Trédrez

6.13 Tree of Jesse With Standing Virgin Altarpiece, Sixteenth Century, Church of Saint Aignan, Saint Aignan, Morbihan