All page numbers in the index refer to the print edition.
The italicized locators fig. 1, fig. 2, and so forth, refer to photographs in the gallery.
Aaron, Henry “Hank,” ix, 45, 57, 123, 161, 172, 174, 259n38, 274n12
Agee, Tommy, 114
Allen, Maury, 146
Allen, Woody, 134
All-Star teams and players: 1951 season, 59; Don Newcombe, 241; George Sisler, 23; Jackie Robinson, ix, 216, 241; Larry Doby, xi, 4, 69–70, 241, 268n31; Mickey Mantle, 164; Negro Leagues, 128; Ralph Kiner, 11; Ray Campanella, 241; Satchel Paige, 145; Willie Mays, 172, 187–88
Allyn, Art, 36
American League: integration of, 6, 75, 113–17, 241, 268n31; obscuring Doby’s achievements, 119; racism in, 113–14, 116–17; teams in, 116
Amour, Lester, 36
Anson, Cap, 75
anti-segregation movements, 78–79. See also integration
Appling, Luke, 138
Athletics, 55–56, 116–17, 122, 243
aversive racism, 215–16
Avila, Bobby, 67
Baird, Thomas, 18
Ball, Phil, 23
Ball Four (Bouton), 156–57
Baltimore Orioles, 70–71
Bankes, James, 86
Bankhead, Tallulah, 172
Banks, Ernie, x, 45, 57, 161, 274n12
Barber, Red, 239
barnstorming tours, 80, 81, 91, 97–98, 133–34, 174–75, 262n27, 274n12
Barra, Allen: on baseball’s greatest players, 166–67; on Doby’s talent, 44; on Mickey Mantle, 1, 153, 160, 165, 167–68; on Satchel Paige’s talent, 120; on Willie Mays’s “catch,” 172; on Willie Mays’s talent, 1, 118
baseball: ethics in, 15–16; forces pressuring integration of, 79–83, 87–89; free agency in, 210; impact of TV coverage on, 239–40; importance of military service in, 138; importance to NYC, 102–3, 111–12; minority percentages in, 206; player salaries, 10, 15–16, 63–64, 66, 277n25; post–Civil War integration of, 74–75; postwar popularity of, 1–3; racism in, 20–21; reserve clause, 63, 64, 210; statistics in, 243–47; Veeck’s impact on, 30; WWII’s impact on, 17
baseball memorabilia craze, 158–59, 169
Basgall, Monte, 14
basketball barnstorming, 164
basket catch, 185
Beane, Billy, 243
Bee, Clair, 48
Bell, Albert, 110
Berra, Carmen, 154
Berra, Yogi, 56–57, 61, 74, 151, 156, 166, 213
Biederman, Les, 171
Biggio, Craig, 4
Bissinger, Buzz, 146, 160, 165–66
“Black Sox” players, 85
Blues (Kansas City), 152
Board of Education, Brown v., 77
Bodley, Hal, 202
Bonda, Ted, 209
Boston Red Sox, 2, 56, 74, 110, 113, 116
Boudreau, Lou, 44, 57, 110; and Doby’s integration, 52–53, 54, 201, 222–23, 226–27, 228; image of, fig. 9; relationship with Doby, 182, 192; and Satchel Paige, 143; on Veeck signing Doby, 31
Bouton, Jim, 137, 156–57, 188, 192
Branca, Ralph, 180
Branch Rickey (Lowenfish), 73
Brandeis, Louis, 220
Breadon, Sam, 15, 16, 23–24, 89, 222
Brett, George, 208
Briggs, Walter, Jr., 61
Brissie, Lou, 60
Brohamer, Jack, 209
Bromberg, Lester, 99
Brooklyn Dodgers: 1949 World Series, 281n13; integration of, 17–19, 24–25, 74; management’s treatment of Robinson, 225–26; player trades, 13, 14; scouting Doby, 50; spring training facilities, 205; teammates’ treatment of Robinson, 193, 221, 278n29; winning streaks, xii–xiii, 103. See also Rickey, Wesley Branch; Robinson, Jackie Roosevelt
Brooklyn Nets, 212
Brooks, Augusta, 46–47
Broun, Heywood, 79
Brown, Butts, 86
Brown, Henry Billings, 75–76, 77
Browns (Cleveland), 107
Browns (St. Louis), 23, 116, 122
Brown v. Board of Education, 77
Bryson, Bill, 247
Budig, Gene, 202, 207–8, 212–13
Buffett, Warren, 84
California Winter League, 142
Camden (South Carolina), 46
Camilli, Dolph, 14
Campanella, Roy: after baseball, 205; as All-Star player, 241; barnstorming tours, 174, 274n12; hometown of, 45; overshadowing Doby, 119; salary of, 277n25; signed by Dodgers, 18, 50, 51
Cannon, Jimmy, 167
Cardinals. See St. Louis Cardinals
Carmichael, John, 83
Carrasquel, Chico, 66, 70, 232
Carver, George Washington, 78–79
Cepeda, Orlando, 274n6
Chandler, Albert “Happy,” 87, 226
Chapman, Ben, 55, 97, 116–17, 221
Chase, Murray, 213
Chicago Cubs, 36
Chicago White Sox, 5, 39, 85, 203–4, 205, 210–12, 232–33
Cicotte, Eddie, 85
Cincinnati Reds, 85
Claridge’s (casino), 158
The Classic Mantle (Bissinger), 146, 160
Cleaveland, Moses, 103
Clemente, Roberto, 161
Cleveland (Ohio), 101–2, 103–11, 200
Cleveland Browns, 107
Cleveland Indians: 1920 World Series, 104, 109–10; 1948 season, 4–5, 57–58, 122, 132, 145; 1948 World Series, 55; 1951 season, 190–91; 1954 season, 4–5, 67–69; 1954 World Series, 172, 182–85; under Al Lopez, 68–71; compared to Yankees, xii–xiii, 58–59; during Doby’s career, 7–8, 110–11; under Frank Lane, 71–72; under Frank Robinson, 207–10; under Hank Greenberg, 59, 62–67; history of, 109–10; honoring Doby, x, 5; images of, fig. 18; integration of, 6, 74, 115, 175; managers’ treatment of Doby, 226–28; pitching greats of, 144; player salaries, 63–64, 66; postwar popularity of, 2–3; press criticism of, 190–91, 199–200; Satchel Paige’s time with, 120, 122; signing Doby, 6, 39–40, 49–51; spring training, 6, 130–31, 175; team reactions to integration, 31–32, 53, 222–24, 278n29; trading Doby, 232, 233; Veeck’s purchase of, 36; Veeck’s sale of, 38–39
Cleveland News (newspaper), 191
Cleveland Plain Dealer (newspaper), 191, 201
Cleveland Press (newspaper), 190, 191
Cleveland sports writers, 190–92, 199–201
Coates, Jim, 169
Cobb, Ty, 24, 136, 163, 226, 259n38
Cohen, Rich, x
Cohn, Leonard, 134
Colavito, Rocky, 72
Coleman, Jerry, 169
Collier’s (magazine), 111, 118, 144
Color Blind (Dunkel), 128
Conlan, Jocko, 92
Connors, Chuck, 112
Copa Cabana incident, 156
Cosell, Howard, 229
Courage (film), 220
Crutchfield, Jimmy, 140
Crystal, Billy, 170
Cubs, 36
Curvy, Helyn. See Doby, Helyn (Curvy)
Daley, Bud, 71
Dark, Alvin, 171
Davis, Arthur, 48
Dawson, Andre, 210
Day, Leon, 49
A Day at the Bleacher (Hano), 183
Dean, Jay Hanna “Dizzy,” 12, 13, 80, 112, 133
Dean, Paul, 13
DePodesta, Paul, 243
Derringer, Paul, 13
desegregation movements, 78–79. See also integration
Dickson, Murray, 14
Dickson, Paul, 215
DiMaggio, Joe, 112, 133, 138, 150–52, 173, 186–87, 239, 240
discrimination. See racism
Doby, Christina, fig. 14, 65, 225
Doby, Helyn (Curvy), 191; business ventures, 205–6; death of, 214; image of, fig. 14; marriage of, 47; in Montclair, 56; racism faced by, 65, 225; relationship with Veecks, 31, 57
Doby, Larry, Jr., 39
Doby, Lawrence Eugene “Larry,” 3–4, 37; 1947 season, 53–54; 1948 season, 54–55, 132; 1954 season, 67–69, 182–85; and Al Lopez, 69–71, 232–34; in the American League, 114–17; background of, 46–47, 136, 178; barnstorming tours, 91, 174, 274n12; in baseball management, 39, 206–12; baseball statistics, x, 4, 53, 54–55, 58–59, 60–61, 63, 91, 100, 145; baseball talent, x, 7–8, 184, 188, 241–42; character of, 41, 44, 45, 67, 119, 192, 218, 230–31, 241; compared to Robinson, 90–93, 99–100, 241; death of, 214, 263n2; end of playing career, 202–6; first MLB game, 40–41, 226–27; images of, fig. 1, fig. 7, fig. 10, fig. 12, fig. 13, fig. 14, fig. 22; injuries of, 205; isolation endured by, 6, 130–32, 191–92; in Japan, 206; management’s treatment of, 62–63, 64–67, 226–28, 230–35; marriage of, 47; military service of, 48, 136; in the Negro League, 49–50; overshadowed by Mickey Mantle, xii, 146–47, 163, 170; overshadowed by Satchel Paige, 120, 122, 145; physical appearance, 51–52; praise for, 190, 200–201, 213, 242; preparation for integration, 218–20; press coverage of, 93–95, 98–99, 111, 118, 190–92, 198, 200, 201; pressures placed on, 182, 194–96; professionalism of, 144; racism faced by, 6, 40–43, 53–56, 65, 116–17, 215, 222–25, 235–36, 269n46; reasons for obscurity of, xi–xiii, 101–2, 115–16, 119, 238–39; recognition of, x, 5, 202, 213, 237–38; relationship with Robinson, 44–45,
66–67, 91, 258n2; relationship with Veeck, 31, 36, 38–42, 57; relative obscurity of, x–xiii, 1, 5–8, 73, 90–92; responses to racism, 44–45, 92, 258n1, 260n1; salary of, 277n25; and Satchel Paige, 130–32, 194–95; signed by Veeck, 30, 39–40, 49–51, 52; teammates’ treatment of, 32, 52–53, 67, 192, 222–24, 278n29; treatment of, in Cleveland, 107; and Wendell Smith, 198–99; with the White Sox, 66, 70, 203–4, 205
Dodgers. See Brooklyn Dodgers
Doerr, Bobby, 138
Don’t Look Back (Ribowsky), 113, 135
Downs, Karl Everette, 19–20, 256n55
Dressen, Charlie, 112
Du Bois, W. E. B., 78
Dudley, Jimmy, 3
DuMont Broadcasting Network, 239
Durocher, Leo: challenging racism, 86, 221, 263n40; image of, fig. 2; and Jackie Robinson, 98; on lodging discrimination, 175; suspension of, 225–26; traded to the Cardinals, 13; on What’s My Line?, 112; and Willie Mays, 171, 177, 179, 180–81
Earhart, Amelia, 104
Easter, Luke, 115, 195, 276n9, 277n25
Edwin, Orla, 21
End Jim Crow Committee, 88–89
Epstein, Theo, 243
Feller, Bob: barnstorming tours, 81, 133; and Doby, 92, 118, 192, 237; with the Indians, 2, 55, 57, 67, 68, 110, 144; military service of, 138; salary of, 64, 66; on Satchel Paige, 120; statue of, 238; on Veeck, 32–33; on Willie Mays’s “catch,” 184
Felsch, Happy, 85
Ferguson, Plessy v., 77
Ferrarese, Don, 71
Figueroa, Luz Maria, 127
films, ix, 5, 55, 73–74, 220, 221
five tool players, 118, 188, 245, 268n27
Fleming, Les, 223
Flood, Curt, 229
Fohl, Lee, 109
Forbes, Frank, 178
42 (film), ix, 5, 55, 73–74, 221
Fowler, John “Bud,” 75
Francona, Terry “Tito,” 202
free agency, 210
Freed, Alan, 108
Freedman, Lew, 90
Friend, Bob, 11
Frisch, Frankie, 226
Furillo, Carl, 112
Gabrielson, Len, 171
Galbreath, John, 11
Garfield, James A., 104
Giants. See New York Giants
Gibson, Bob, 129, 212–13, 229, 261n44
Gibson, Josh, 133, 141, 163, 197
Goode, Mal, 9
Gordon, Joe, 53, 57, 110, 192, 227, 230–31
Graham, Frank, 219
Grasping the Ring (Budig), 202
Gray, Pete, 17
Green, Elijah Pumpsie, 113, 267n2
Green, Joe, 125
Greenberg, Hank: assessing Doby, 62–63, 64, 66–67, 91; baseball career of, 61–67; on the Cleveland press, 199–200; as general manager, 59, 62–66; on Joe DiMaggio, 151; praise for, 260n6; trading Doby, 38, 70, 110, 191, 192, 204, 232–33; trading Luke Easter, 195
Greenberg, Stephen, 64
Greenwade, Tom, 148–49
Griffey, Ken, Jr., 235
Groat, Dick, 11
Haas, Stephan, 165
Hatfield, Fred, 230
Helf, Hank, 266n14
Hemus, Solly, 215, 229, 280n63
Henrich, Tommy, 54
Herman, Garry, 85
Hersheisher, Orel, 110
Heydler, John, 85
Hirsch, James, 44, 45, 101, 120, 238
Hoak, Don, 193
Hodges, Russ, 179
Holtzman, Jerome, 199
Hope, Bob, 36
Hopper, Clay, 225
Hornsby, Rogers, 24, 163, 167, 226
Hoyt, Waite, 261n44
The Hustler’s Handbook (Veeck), 34–35, 36
Indians. See Cleveland Indians
I Never Had It Made (Robinson), ix
Insull, Samuel, 106
integration: of the American League, 6, 75, 113–14, 115, 241, 268n31; early forces pressuring, 79–83, 87–89; of MLB, 175; myths regarding, 73–74; of the National League, 74–75, 114–15, 116–17, 241, 268n31; in post–Civil War baseball, 75; preparation for, 216–20; resistance to, 16–17; Rickey’s role in, 17–21; team owners against, 84, 86–89; Veeck’s role in, 31–33, 36–38; Wendell Smith’s role in, 198–99
Irvin, Monte, 83; barnstorming tours, 174, 274n12; baseball career of, 40; hometown of, 45; image of, fig. 16; in MLB management, 206; in the Negro Leagues, 49; overshadowing Doby, 119; racism faced by, 225; and Rickey, 21, 259n22; on Robinson, 196; salary of, 277n25; signed by the Giants, 51; and Willie Mays, 179
The Jackie Robinson Story (film), 220
Jackson, Reggie, 169, 234–35, 240–41
Jackson, Shep, 70
Jacobs Field (Cleveland), 108, 110
Jacobson, Steve, 66–67
Japanese baseball, 206
Jensen, Jackie, 166
Jim Crow legislation, 75
Johnson, Ban, 85
Johnson, Greer, 158–59
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 38
Johnson, Walter, 123
Jones, Aldona, 225
Jones, James Earl, 93
Kaline, Al, 118
Kansas City Athletics, 122
Kansas City Blues, 152
Kansas City Monarchs, 18, 40, 128, 129
Keats, Nancy, 101
Kessinger, Don, 211–12
Killifer, Bill, 39
Kiner, Ralph, fig. 5, 10–12, 58, 59, 60, 64, 66
Kissinger, Don, 39
Kluszewski, Ted, 203
Koufax, Sandy, 24, 62, 130, 261n44
Kubeck, Tony, 169
Kupcinet, Irv, 27
LaGuardia, Fiorella, 88–89
LaGuardia Committee, 88–89
Lajoie, Napoleon, 109
Landis, Abraham, 84
Landis, Kenesaw Mountain: background of, 84–85; on barnstorming, 81, 262n27; and Branch Rickey, 10, 254n5; death of, 87; and integration attempts, 83; and the Jake Powell incident, 80; as MLB commissioner, 85–88; no-tolerance rules, 158; racial prejudice of, 85–86, 87–88, 221, 263n40
Larry Doby (Moore), 5, 7, 60, 215
Law, Vernon, 11
Lemon, Bob: image of, fig. 19; on integration, 278n29; military service, 138; playing for the Indians, 55, 57, 67, 68, 110, 144; relationship with Doby, 53, 192, 211, 213; as White Sox manager, 39, 210–11
Lewis, Franklin, 190
Lewis, Michael, 243
Lewis, Whitey, 52
Liddle, Don, 183
Lockman, Whitey, 180
lodging discrimination, 19, 52, 65, 175, 205, 224–25, 269n46
Long, Huey, 29
Lopez, Al: image of, fig. 19; as Indians manager, 68–71, 110; racial prejudice of, 71, 215, 227–35; on Satchel Paige, 143–44; trading Doby, 38, 70–71, 191, 204, 230, 232–34; trading Luke Easter, 195; treatment of Doby, 69–71, 192, 201; on Veeck, 32; on Willie Mays’s “catch,” 184
Louisville (Kentucky), 219–20
Louisville Colonels, 219–20
MacDougal, Gil, 146
Maglie, Sal, 112
Major League Baseball (MLB): ethics in, 15–16; forces pressuring integration, 79–83, 87–89; free agency in, 210; impact of TV coverage on, 239–40; importance of military service in, 136, 138; under Judge Landis, 85–87; length of season, 139–40; minority percentages in, 206; myths regarding integration of, 73–74; pitcher’s mound, 247, 282n9; player salaries, 10, 15–16, 63–64, 66, 277n25; power hitters’ strikeouts in, 234–35; racism in, 20–21, 113–14; reserve clause, 63, 64, 210; resistance to integration within, 16–17, 84, 86–89; scouting methods in, 244–45; Veeck’s impact on, 30; WWII’s impact on, 17. See also American League; National League
Manley, Abe, 39–40, 49, 67, 128
Manley, Effa, 18, 39–40, 49, 50–51, 128, 257n48, 259n22
Manning, Max, 49
Mantle, Merlyn, 157–58
Mantle, Mickey: 4F draft classification, 138, 153; after baseball, 157–59; athletic talent of, 1, 58, 60, 149, 164, 237; baseball statistics, 4, 147, 154–55, 164; books about, 6; death of, 159; and Early Wynn, 224; images of, fig. 15, fig. 21; injuries of, 147–48, 163–66, 169–70; and Joe DiMaggio, 150–52; legend of, 146–47, 149–50, 153–54, 160–70; media coverage of, 111, 167; in the minor leagues, 152; overshadowing Doby, 101, 146–47, 170; overshadowing Willie Mays, 173; personal characteristics, 168–69; as power hitter, 234; public image of, 150, 155–57; rookie season, 149, 151–52, 153–54; salary of, 10; signed by Yankees, 148–49; size of, 160–61; tape-measure home runs, 153–54, 162–63; on What’s My Line?, 112
Mantle and Mays (Barra), 160
Maple Leafs, 205
Mariners, 254n7
Maris, Roger, fig. 21, 71–72, 112, 166–68
Mathewson, Christy, 24, 123, 136, 261n44
Mauch, Gene, 207
Mays, Margherite, 173, 186, 194
Mays, William Howard “Willie,” 57; 1951 World Series, 147; 1954 World Series, 68, 172, 183–85; athletic talent of, 1, 114, 118–19, 171–72; banned from MLB, 158; barnstorming tours, 174, 274n12; baseball statistics, 4, 274n6; basket catch of, 185; books about, 6; criticized by Robinson, 92–93, 174, 240; and Doby, 174–75; hometown of, 45; images of, fig. 20, fig. 21; masking of achievements, 173–74; with the Minneapolis Millers, 177; overshadowed by Joe DiMaggio, 173, 186–87; overshadowing Doby, 101, 118–19, 188–89, 238; pampering of, 177–80, 182; preparations for integration, 7; press coverage of, 111, 181, 186–87, 193–94; racism faced by, 173, 176–77, 181, 186–87, 194; in San Francisco, 186–87; size of, 161; on What’s My Line?, 112, 118
McClendon, Audrey, 255n35
McDougald, Gil, 169
McKinley, William, 104
McLaughlin, George V., 18–19
Mesa, Jose, 110
Messersmith, Andy, 210
Mickey and Willie (Barra), 1
Milwaukee Brewers, 36, 82, 174
Minoso, Minnie, 66, 70, 72, 199, 230, 233–34
MLB. See Major League Baseball (MLB)
Molito, Tony, 159
Moneyball (Lewis), 243
Montreal Royals, 6, 219–20, 225
Moore, Joseph Thomas, x, 5, 7, 215, 220, 223
Morgan, Joe, 60, 67, 90, 213, 231
Moulton, Jane. See Rickey, Jane (Moulton)
Moyer, Jamie, 244–45
Municipal Stadium (Cleveland), 58, 108, 110, 184
Murphy, Eddie, 120
Musial, Stan, 59, 138, 151, 161, 259n38
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 30, 37
National Commission (MLB), 85
National League: integration of, 114–15, 116–17, 241, 268n31; obscuring Doby, 119; post–Civil War integration of, 74–75; teams in, 116
Negro Leagues: compared with MLB, 141; in Pittsburgh, 117, 197; player salaries in, 18; Rickey recruiting players from, 18, 40, 51, 259n22; Satchel Paige’s career in, 123, 128, 140; stadium rentals, 49; Veeck recruiting players from, 39–40, 50–51; Veeck’s experience with, 37
Nets, 212
Newark Stars, 128
Newcombe, Don: 1949 World Series, 281n13; as All-Star player, 241; barnstorming tours, 274n12; baseball awards, 114; friendship with Doby, 205–6, 281n13; hometown of, 45; on Jackie Robinson, 92; in Japan, 206; in the Negro League, 49; overshadowing Doby, 119; in Pittsburgh, 199; recruited by Rickey, 18, 40, 50, 51; salary of, 277n25
New Jersey Nets, 212
New York City, 101–3, 111–12, 196–97
New York Giants: 1948 exhibition games, 42; 1950s decline, 173–74; 1951 season, 180; 1954 World Series, 68–69, 172, 182–85; integration of, 7, 74, 176; in NYC, 103; in San Francisco, 186–87; spring training, 175; Willie Mays’s career with, 7, 173, 176
New York Times (newspaper), xi–xii, 93
New York Yankees: 1949 World Series, 281n13; 1960s decline, 155; against the Indians, xii–xiii, 2–3, 5, 58; integration of, 74, 228; and player salaries, 15–16; racism in, 114, 228; records set by, 254n7; spring training, 149; winning streaks, 58, 103, 164. See also Mantle, Mickey
Nickel Plate Road (railroad), 106
Niekro, Phil, 122
Nugent, Gerry, 82
Nunn, Bill, 50
Nuxhall, Joe, 17
Oakland Athletics, 243
O’Connell, Daniel, 14
O’Connor, Ian, 231
Ohio Wesleyan University (OWU), 19, 22–23
Okrent, Dan, 244
O’Malley, Walter, 11
O’Neil, John “Buck,” 120, 133, 190, 196, 197
One Summer (Bryson), 247
Orioles, 70–71
Owens, Jesse, 107–8
Pacific Coast League, 204
Padres (San Diego), 204–5
Pagael, Eddie, 29
Paige, Janet (Howard), 126, 127, 142
Paige, Leroy Robert “Satchel”: barnstorming tours, 80, 81, 133–34; baseball career of, 122–23, 268n5; books about, 6; and Doby, 130–32, 182, 195; hometown of, 45; income of, 139; with the Indians, 57, 110; and integration, 135–39; legend of, xiii, 120–21, 123–26, 129–30, 131–34, 142, 144–45, 268n13; negative assessments of, 121, 126–29, 142–44; in the Negro League, 140, 197; pitching talent of, 120–21, 123–25; uneven competition faced by, 141–42; womanizing habits of, 142–43
Paige, Lula, 126
Patterson, Arthur “Red,” 162
Pegler, Westbrook, 81
Perry, Gaylord, 209
Philadelphia Athletics, 55–56, 116–17
Philadelphia Phillies, 50, 55, 82–83, 116–17, 221
Pittsburgh Courier (newspaper), 39, 86, 197–98
Pittsburgh Crawfords, 117, 126–27, 140
player salaries, 10, 15–16, 63–64, 254n9, 277n25; in the Negro Leagues, 18
Plessy, Homer, 77
Plessy v. Ferguson, 77
Pollock, Syd, 80
Post, Wiley, 104
Povich, Shirley, 99
Powell, Jake, 80
power hitters, 234–35
Powers, Jimmy, 79
Prince, Bob, 11
Progressive Field (Cleveland), 108, 238
Protho, Doc, 82
Pytlak, Frank, 266n14
queen bee syndrome, 209–10
racism: in the American League, 113–14, 116–17; aversive form of, 215–16; of Commissioner Landis, 85–86; faced by Doby, 6, 41–43, 54, 55–56, 65, 116–17, 215, 222–25, 235–36; faced by Mays, 173, 176–77, 181, 186–87, 194; faced by Robinson, 55, 97, 116–17, 219–20, 221–22, 224–25, 235–36; lodging discrimination, 19, 52, 65, 205, 224–25, 269n46; in MLB, 20–21, 65–66, 116–17, 215–16, 228–34, 263n40; in the National League, 116–17; at Ohio Wesleyan, 19
radio baseball coverage, 239–40
Ramirez, Manny, 110
Reds, 85
Red Sox, 2, 56, 74, 110, 113, 116
Reese, Pee Wee, 221
Ribowsky, Mark, 91, 113, 135, 140, 144
Richards, Paul, 71
Rickey, Jane (Moulton), 22
Rickey, Wesley Branch, 98, 113, 196; background of, 21–23; with the Cardinals, 23–24; character of, 9–10, 25; contrasted with Veeck, 27–28; with the Dodgers, 24–25; “El Cheapo” nickname, 79; images of, fig. 2, fig. 3; and lodging discrimination, 224–25; military service of, 24, 136; motives for integration, 16–21; at Ohio Wesleyan, 19, 22–23; and player trading, 11–16; preparing Robinson for integration, 6, 53, 178, 217–18, 219, 226; recruiting techniques, 40, 259n22; relationship with Veeck, 33–35; role in farm clubs, 12–13, 24; role in integration, 73–74, 84, 88; salary of, 10, 11–12, 14–15, 254n20, 255n29; on scouting practices, 149; and Wendell Smith, 198; on What’s My Line?, 112
Rickey and Robinson (Fromer), 73, 90, 113
Rickey and Robinson (Kahn), 93
Rigney, Bill, 187
Risberg, Swede, 85
Rizzuto, Phil, 112
Roberts, Sam, 9
Robeson, Paul, 87–89
Robinson, Eddie, 223
Robinson, Frank, 39, 172, 207–10
Robinson, Jackie, Jr., 96, 240
Robinson, Jackie Roosevelt: as All-Star player, 241; background of, 45; barnstorming tours, 91, 97–98; baseball awards, 114; baseball statistics, 91, 100, 193; books about, ix, 5, 93; compared to Doby, 90–93, 99–100, 240–41; criticism of Willie Mays, 174; education of, 136; films about, ix, 5, 55, 73–74, 93, 220, 221; image of, fig. 4; impact of TV coverage on, 240; and Leo Durocher, 179; media coverage of, 93–98, 111, 119, 197, 198, 239; military service of, 136; overshadowing Doby, 93, 119; personality of, 41, 217–18, 240–41; preparation for integration, 6, 216–18, 219–20, 225–26; professionalism of, 144; racism faced by, 55, 97, 116–17, 219–20, 221–22, 224–25, 235–36; recruited by Rickey, 40, 51; relationship with Doby, 44–45, 66–67, 91, 258n2, 265n43; responses to racism, 41, 92, 196–97; and Reverend Downs, 20, 256n55; role in baseball’s integration, ix–x, 17–18, 32–33, 73–74; salary of, 277n25; on Satchel Paige, 132; Satchel Paige’s criticism of, 135–36; during spring training, 130; teammates’ responses to, 193, 220–22, 278n29; and Wendell Smith, 178, 198; on Yankees’s racism, 114
Robinson, Mack, 90
Robinson, Rachel (Jackie’s wife), 96
Rockefeller, John D., 104, 106
Rodriguez, Alex, 234
Roosevelt, Theodore, 84
Rosen, Al: 1954 World Series, 182–83; baseball statistics, 63, 67, 193; Hank Greenberg’s treatment of, 63–64, 66; images of, fig. 13; with the Indians, 57–58, 63–64, 110; on Luke Easter, 195; treatment of Doby, 53, 192, 224; on Veeck, 32
Rotisserie Baseball, 243–44
sabermetrics, 243–47
SABR (Society of American Baseball Research), 243
salaries. See player salaries
San Diego Padres, 204–5
Santa Rita Hotel, 65, 130, 175, 224, 225, 235–36
Schilling, Curt, 261n44
Schmidt, Mike, 235
Seattle Mariners, 254n7
Seitz, Peter, 210
Selig, Bud, 214
Senators, 162
Shaker Heights community (Cleveland), 105
Sheehan, Bill, 187
Shepard, Bert, 17
Shotton, Burt, 226
Singletary, Wes, 215, 229, 233
Slaughter, Enos “Country,” 9, 15, 97, 138, 222
Smith, Hilton, 129
Smith, Wendell, 39, 50, 53, 54, 86, 178, 197–99, 219
Smith, Wyonella, 199
Snider, Edwin “Duke”: attitudes on integration, 221, 278n29; baseball talent of, 58, 60; image of, fig. 17; media coverage of, 101, 111, 173; military service of, 138; overshadowing of, 238; size of, 161; on What’s My Line?, 112
Society of American Baseball Research (SABR), 243
Speaker, Tris, 54, 104, 109, 259n38
Sporting News (weekly magazine), 59, 61, 94–97, 98–99
Sports Illustrated (magazine), ix, 126, 187
Sportsman’s Park (St. Louis), 20–21, 256n56
sports memorabilia craze, 158–59, 169
Stargell, Willie, 161
Stars (Newark), 128
Stengel, Casey, 58, 68, 155; on Mickey Mantle’s talent, 149, 163; on power hitters’ strikeouts, 152, 234; racism of, 114, 215, 228–29; on What’s My Line?, 112
Stephens, Bryan, 228
Stephens, Jake, 129
St. Louis Browns, 23, 116, 122
St. Louis Cardinals: under Branch Rickey, 12–14, 16, 23–24; farm club of, 12–13, 24; racism in, 20–21, 116, 222, 280n63
Stockton, Roy, 15
Stoneham, Horace, 51, 74, 89, 175, 177
strikeout records, 234–35
Strong, Ted, 142
Sukeforth, Clyde, 50
The Summer of ’49 (Halberstam), 239
Supreme Court, 75–77
Swift, Phil, 36
Taub, Joe, 212
Taylor Spink, J. G., 94
team owners (MLB), 84, 85, 86–89, 263n40
television baseball coverage, 239–40
They Were All-Stars (movie), 93
Thomas, Charles “Tommy,” 19
Thomas, Frank, 161
Thompson, Bobby, 180
Thompson, Hank, 225
Thorton, Tom, 7
Time (magazine), 146
Topping, Dan, 16
Toronto Maple Leafs, 205
Torre, Joe, 103
Total Baseball (magazine), 237
Travis, Cecil, 138
True, Ray, 159
United Methodist Council (Chicago), 19–20
University of Southern California (USC), 153–54
USA Today (newspaper), 93, 202
U.S. Supreme Court, 75–77
Van Swerington, Mantis James, 104–6
Van Swerington, Oris Paxton, 104–6
Veeck, Bill: approach to integration, 6, 53–54, 130, 175, 218, 220, 269n46; background of, 35–36, 37–38; comparing leagues, 268n31; contrasted with Rickey, 27–28; on Doby’s talent, 202, 237, 242; funeral of, 199; and Hank Greenberg, 62; images of, fig. 6, fig. 8, fig. 22; management style of, 27–28, 30, 32; military service of, 30–31; motives for integration, 31–33, 37–38; Phillies purchase attempt, 82–83; promotional activities of, 29–30, 58; relationship with Doby, 31, 36, 38–42, 57, 130, 201; relationship with players, 30–33; relationship with Rickey, 33–35; relative obscurity of, 73–74; and Satchel Paige, 122, 125, 126, 130, 135, 142, 143; selling the Indians, 62, 227; signing Doby, 18, 31–33, 39–40, 49–51, 52; as White Sox owner, 203–4, 210–12, 233; writings of, 34–35
Veeck as in Wreck (Veeck), 34–35, 237
Vernon, Mickey, 48–49
Vincent, Fay, 242
voting rights, 76–77
Walker, Eric, 245
Walker, Fred “Dixie,” 221
Walker, Moses Fleetwood, 75
Walker, Welday Wilberforce, 75
Wall Street Journal (newspaper), 93, 101
Washington, Booker T., 78–79
Washington, Kenny, 198
Washington Senators, 162
Weaver, Buck, 85
Wentz, Lewis, 15
Wenzke, Jimmy, 7
What’s My Line? (TV program), 111–12, 118
whites-only primary laws, 75–77
White Sox, 5, 39, 85, 203–4, 205, 210–12, 232–33
Whizzes, 148
Wilde, Oscar, 159
Williams, Claude “Lefty,” 85
Williams, Dick, 71
Williams, Ted, 67, 216; baseball talent of, 163, 166; and Doby, 56, 213; on integration, 259n45, 278n29; military service of, 136, 138; on racism, 56
Willie Mays (Hirsch), 44, 101, 120
Willis, Bill, 107
Willis, Lucile, 224
Wilson, Bertha, 127
Woodling, Gene, 71
World Series (1919), 85
World Series (1920), 104, 109–10
World Series (1947), 239
World Series (1949), 281n13
World Series (1951), 147
World Series (1954), 4, 68–69, 172, 182–85
World Series (1961), 168–69
World War II, 17, 83–84, 136, 138
Wright, Jaret, 110
Wrigley, Phillip, Jr., 82
Wrigley, William, 36
Wrigley Report, 16–17
Wynn, Early: 1954 World Series, 68; baseball talent of, 57, 67, 110–11; and Doby, 53, 192, 203, 223–24, 232; image of, fig. 12; with the Indians, 57, 67, 68, 110–11; on Veeck, 32
Yancey, Dan, 165
Yankees. See New York Yankees
Yastrzemski, Carl, 161
Yawkey, William, 56
You Could Look It Up (Allen), 146
Young, Cy, 123
Young, Frank Albert “Fay,” 80
Zapp, James, 178
Zisk, Richie, 210