adoption, 6, 12, 94, 119–120, 139, 178, 180, 188, 191, 222, 224
Africa, 7, 45, 118, 134, 149, 187, 201–202, 205–207, 211
African American, 1, 8–12, 21, 23–24, 28, 30, 33–44, 119–123, 127, 128–140, 163–164, 169–171, 182, 184–191, 193, 207–208, 222, 225
African American Native. See African Native American
African descent or ancestry, 21, 23, 28–30, 37, 44, 95, 111–112, 115, 123, 133, 135, 187, 201, 211, 223–225
African Native American, 110–112, 115, 117, 119–122
Angelou, Maya, 30
Asia, 7, 45, 118, 134, 149, 187, 201–202, 205–207, 211
Asian: descent or ancestry, 8, 11, 21, 25, 29–30, 41, 52, 60–61, 64–65, 99, 110, 153–156, 159, 163, 168, 183, 187, 211, 223; experiences of people, 159, 185, 188, 192, 201–202, 206–208, 221
Asian American, 29–30, 60, 79, 99, 101, 153, 155, 184, 192
Baja California. See Mexico, Baja California
Black (people), 1–4, 7–13, 21, 23–29, 37–42, 44, 99, 183. See also African American
Blackness, 7, 10, 23, 29–30, 37–38, 96, 100, 109, 118, 133, 136–139, 169, 171, 223–225
Black Power Movement, 44
Black–White binary, 24–25, 183, 187, 189, 192
Blaxican, 10–11, 43, 96, 127–140, 222, 225–227
Blindian, 95–96
Caucasian, 5, 11, 75, 153, 164, 168–170, 173–174. See also White
census data: US, 5, 89, 116, 130, 154; Mexican, 50–51, 54–55, 60
Chicana/o, 128–133
Chicano Power Movement, 131
child, 7, 9–10, 12, 26–27, 34–37, 39, 45, 49, 54, 56–57, 62–65, 72–74, 79–80, 82–83, 88–103, 112, 115–117, 120, 123, 131–132, 152, 154, 157–160, 164–166, 170, 172, 175, 178–183, 186, 188–189, 191–192, 201, 203–204, 208, 223–224. See also daughter; son
Chinese, 8–9, 12–13, 49–52, 54, 59–65
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), 50–51, 59
Chippewa, 73. See also Native American
church, 27, 34, 52–53, 134, 185, 189–190
citizenship, 12, 53, 61, 115, 153
civil rights, 6, 81, 99, 116, 127, 137, 139
Cocopah (people), 54–56, 62–63, 70
Compagnie du Boleo, 50–52
criollo (ideologies of Whiteness), 50
dad. See father
dating, 6, 72, 75, 77, 158, 185–186, 222
daughter, 36, 49, 53, 57, 62, 77, 82, 95, 115, 122, 156, 169–170, 182, 204. See also son
diaspora, 11, 74, 134, 148–151, 180, 186–187, 223
discrimination, 2–3, 29, 57, 65, 83, 85, 91–92, 94, 97, 101–102, 128, 150, 184
DNA, 5, 12, 21, 202, 206, 207–209, 214. See also genetics
double consciousness, 24
education, 2, 38–39, 62, 82, 113, 122, 138, 169, 171
Europe, 9, 49–52, 186–187, 201–203, 205–208, 211
European, 9, 12, 23–24, 27, 49–52, 65, 155, 159–160, 182, 186–187, 201–203, 205–208, 211, 224
European American, 23–24, 27, 31, 55
fashion model, 3, 11, 31, 163–175
father, 2–3, 10, 25–27, 34, 36, 38, 61, 63, 74–78, 83, 95, 98–100, 111–113, 115–119, 123, 131, 133, 152, 158, 164, 169, 171, 173, 180, 184, 188, 190–191. See also mother; parent
fatherhood. See father
Filipina/o: descent or ancestry, 11, 35, 38, 43, 119, 121, 191; experiences of people, 8, 10, 12, 35, 37, 40–43, 111, 113–116, 120, 123, 147–149, 151–152, 154–160, 168
Filipina/o African American, 36, 42
Filipina/o American, 9, 11, 33–34, 36, 39–44
genetics, 12, 63, 110, 201, 203, 206–214
genocide, 115, 120–121, 225–226
Guyana, 149–150
Hapa (people), 25, 27, 29, 31, 219, 229n4
Heisei, 23
husband, 35, 38, 53, 55, 61, 75–78, 83, 96–97, 113–114, 122, 158, 184, 189, 191, 222. See also wife
Indian. See South Asian
indigenous, 9, 50–51, 54–56, 62–63, 65, 74, 109, 113, 148, 192, 204, 224–225
Indipino, 11, 147–149, 152–153, 157–160
intermarriage, 9, 50, 53, 60, 63–64, 72, 82, 113, 115, 154, 175, 219, 221, 227. See also marriage
Japan, 3–4, 11–12, 23, 27, 29, 31, 50, 52, 163–166, 168–175, 178–193, 223–224
Japanese, 3–4, 9, 11, 21–23, 25–31, 50–52, 59–60, 65, 72, 114, 163–166, 168–175, 178–186, 188–193, 202, 220–224, 227; Heisei, 23; Nikkei, 23
Japanese American, 23, 27, 29, 72, 180–183, 189
Jet Magazine (publication), 178–179, 183–185
Kansas, 23, 26–27, 72, 74, 76, 79–80, 190
kawaii (cuteness), 164, 169, 172–175, 224
Korea, 1–3
Lakota, 73. See also Native American
Latina/o, 8, 11–12, 72, 76–78, 81, 83–84, 127, 132, 135, 139, 154, 156–159, 180, 211, 222–224
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgendered, and Questioning (LGBTQ), 3, 38, 129
Los Angeles, Calif., 79, 84, 132, 135
Makah (people), 10, 109, 111–117, 119–123, 220, 225
Malaysia, 149–150
marriage, 6, 9, 52–54, 56, 61–65, 71–73, 77–78, 81–82, 84–85, 121, 137, 158, 170, 175, 178, 180, 221. See also intermarriage
mestiza/o, 9, 49–57, 60–66, 129, 133, 147, 155, 158, 160, 225
mestizaje (people of mixed race origin), 50, 62, 133, 139
Mexicali. See Mexico, Mexicali
Mexican, 5, 8–9, 11–12, 38, 43, 49–55, 57–65, 72, 74, 77, 81, 115–117, 121, 127, 129–134, 136–137, 139, 149, 154, 156, 180, 183, 192, 212–213, 219–222, 225–227
Mexican American, 4, 10–11, 37, 43, 73–75, 127–135, 137–140, 212
Mexican census data, 50–51, 54–55, 60
Mexico, 51, 55, 57; Baja California, 9, 49–54, 56–62, 64–65, 220, 227; Mexicali, 50, 53–56, 57–66; Santa Rosalía, 50–52, 54, 59, 61, 65; Sinaloa, 51–53, 55, 63; Sonora, 50–53, 55–56, 58, 61, 63
Mexipina/o, 35, 43, 96, 115, 148, 183, 220
military, 26, 178–181, 183–185, 187, 190–193, 222
Miss Nagasaki, 3–4
mixed ethnicity / race. See Blackapina, Blasian, Blaxican, Blindian, criollo, haafu, Hapa, Indipino, mestiza/o, mestizaje, Mexipina/o
Miyamoto, Ariana, 3–4, 163, 174
modelling. See fashion model
mom. See mother
mother, 1–3, 21, 25, 27, 34–37, 39, 42, 44, 57, 63, 74–75, 76–78, 82–83, 95–96, 99, 101, 111–113, 116–117, 119, 131–135, 149, 152, 155, 163–164, 169–171, 173, 184, 188, 190–191, 201, 223. See also father; parent
motherhood. See mother
Native American, 12, 21, 29, 36, 72–74, 77, 79–83, 109–110, 120–122, 132, 154, 180, 207, 211, 223; Chippewa/Ojibwa, 73; Lakota, 73
Neanderthal, 8, 12, 201–209, 211, 213–216, 220, 228
Nikkei, 23
Ojibwa, 73. See also Native American
Okinawa (Japan), 39, 180, 183, 186–188, 190–192
one-drop rule, 7, 10, 28, 93, 100, 139, 154, 183, 203, 222–224
parent, 1, 3–5, 7, 9–10, 23, 25–27, 34–37, 40, 44, 56, 62, 72, 74–75, 77, 82, 88–103, 116–118, 127–130, 139, 149, 155, 157, 160, 169, 171, 173, 178, 180, 183–184, 187–188, 191–193, 224. See also father; mother
Philippines, 11, 37, 42, 45, 148–155, 157, 159–160. See also Filipina/o
policing, 23, 65, 83, 97, 101, 111, 127–128, 130–132, 134–138, 140, 222, 226
Punjab (India), 150, 152, 158, 159
Punjabi, 148–151, 155–157, 160, 183, 192
queer, 227
religion, 38, 99, 134, 156–157, 206
San Francisco, Calif., 11, 42, 59–60, 103, 147, 150–154, 189
Santa Rosalía. See Mexico, Santa Rosalía
school, 1, 3, 9, 27, 29, 34–38, 41, 44, 62, 63, 65, 72, 74–75, 80–81, 84, 114, 116, 118, 127, 135–136, 147, 151–152, 155–159, 171, 190
segregation, 62, 99, 102, 110, 224
Sinaloa. See Mexico, Sinaloa
slavery, 24, 37, 82, 110, 116, 135, 187, 203, 221, 224
soldier, 12, 60, 150, 178, 184–186, 188, 193, 223
son, 2, 57, 62–63, 83–84, 95–97, 99, 102, 115, 122–123, 164, 190, 224. See also daughter
Sonora. See Mexico, Sonora
South (US region), 1–3, 34, 122, 190
South Asian: descent or ancestry, 11, 148–149; experiences of people, 8, 12–13, 149, 153–154
sports, 1–3, 29, 74, 115, 117–118
transnational, 11–12, 30–31, 50, 59, 66, 139, 164, 168–169, 173, 178, 180–181, 186–188, 190–191, 193
Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation (1899), 51
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), 74
US Air Force. See Air Force, US
US census data, 5, 89, 116, 130, 154
US Navy. See Navy, US
Ward, Hines, 1–4
White (people), 4–13, 22–31, 29, 35–39, 41, 44, 50, 71–82, 84–85, 88–95, 97–100, 110, 112, 114, 119, 121, 128–129, 135–139, 147, 152–156, 158, 163–166, 168–175, 178, 180–181, 183–189, 192–193, 219–227
Whiteness, 4, 7–8, 10, 12, 31–38, 72–75, 85, 89, 91, 93, 115, 129, 151–152, 156, 165, 168, 180–181, 192–193, 203, 219–223, 226
White supremacy, 31, 71, 85, 100, 139, 220
wife, 36, 53, 55–56, 61, 64–65, 76, 78, 79, 95, 99, 178, 182–186, 193, 222. See also husband
Wimbeley, Landon Zendell, 111–123
World War I, 58
World War II, 27, 149–150, 164, 178, 181, 183, 185, 188, 212