INDEX

Able, Ezekiel, 306, 341, 345

Acapulco, 248

Adam, Philip, 306, 341, 345

Adams, John Quincy, 197-198, 332, 334

Adams Cave, 198, 332, 334-335

Adams River, 197, 238, 332, 334-335; see Virgin River

Advertisements, Ashley’s, 19-20, 50, 379, 420-421

Alique (Alsea) River, 269

Alka, 349

Allen, Hiram, 67

Alsea (Alique) River, 269

Ambushes, 64, 124, 137

American Fur Company, 318-320, 328, 345, 374, 392, 413, 428

American (Wild) River, 207-208, 211, 258-259, 417

Ammunition, 29, 52, 62, 68, 72, 91, 110-112, 134, 138, 140, 171-172, 195, 232, 252, 339

Anderson, Clinton P., 368, 437

Anderson, James, 104, 344

Anderson, William Marshall, 182, 202, 429

Annance, Joseph, 150

Antelope Hills, Wyo., 389

Antelope Valley, Calif., 207

Appelaminy (Stanislaus) River, 208, 236, 240, 243, 248

Argüello, Luis, 252, 254-256

Arikara Campaign, Leavenworth’s, 49, 59-78, 102, 104, 146, 154, 190, 225, 301, 381, 384-387

Arikara Defeat, Ashely’s, of 1823, 7, 37, 51, 53-57, 61, 96, 240, 380-381, 411

Arikara Villages, 37-38, 50-54, 56-57, 59, 64, 68-69, 71, 73-77, 80, 100, 104, 189, 344-345, 379, 384

Arkansas River, 34, 95, 110, 117, 145, 157, 159, 163, 303, 329, 362-363, 383, 401

Armijo, Antonio, 414

Arvada, Wyo., 387

Ash Creek, Ut., 197

Ash Hollow, Neb., 219, 303

Ashley, William Henry, 7-8, 19-20, 22-23, 26-27, 29, 34, 37-40, 42, 49-53, 56-62, 64-68, 71, 74-75, 78-80, 95-97, 106, 112-115, 128, 142, 145, 154, 156-177, 180-182, 187-189, 200, 218-225, 230-234, 237-240, 269, 290, 295, 297-299, 301-302, 315-316, 318, 321, 323, 325, 327, 331, 343-344, 351, 353, 357, 361, 371, 374, 379-380, 383-385, 388-394, 400, 402, 404, 406-409, 411-412, 420-421, 428, 430, 434-435

dairy of, 160, 162, 164-170, 390, 405

explorations of, 154-174

Ashley & Henry, partnership, 20, 26-29, 65-66, 78, 96, 106, 113-114, 118, 143, 374

Ashley & Smith, partnership, 172, 175-190, 412

Ashley Falls of Green River, 165, 406

Ashleys Fork of Green River, 166

Ashley’s (Sevier) River, 196, 334; see Sevier

Ashtabula, O., 25, 349-351, 363

Assiniboine River, 39

Astor, John Jacob, 116, 118, 315, 318

Astoria (Fort George), 116, 117

Astorians, 37, 89-90, 93, 116-117, 121, 125, 274, 374, 401

Atkinson, Gen. Henry, 102, 105, 160, 173, 383, 404, 408

Atkinson-O’Fallon Expedition, 172-174, 298, 318, 391, 408

Atongallavit, 423

Aull, James, 428, 430

Bacon, Walter, 437

Bad Gocha, Snake chief, 147

Bad Pass, 306, 345

Badlands, S. Dak. 82-83, 386

Bainbridge (Jericho), N. Y., 24-25

Bannock Pass, Ida., 399

Bates, Frederick, 113

Beale-Heap, party of 1853, 413-414

Bear, The, Arikara chief, 52

Bear Lake (Black Bears, Little, Little Snake, Sweet, Sweet Water, Trout, Weaver’s Lake), 191, 215, 226-229, 233, 237, 290, 296, 298-299, 316, 319, 334, 340, 344, 395, 421

Bear River, 117, 120, 124, 128, 141-144, 170, 177, 180-181, 183, 187-188, 191, 225, 227-228, 234, 237, 272, 291-293, 295, 343, 367, 397-399, 410, 421, 428

Beaver Creek, Wyo., 387

Beaver River, see Lost River

Beaverdam Wash (Pautch Creek), Nev., 238

Beaverhead River, Mont., 124, 136, 397

Becknell, William, 28, 146, 239, 325, 390

Beckwourth, James P., 8, 156-157, 166, 170, 177, 179-181, 218, 228-229, 291, 296, 298, 301, 304-306, 390, 396, 405-409, 419, 421

Beechey, Capt. F. W., 252

Beers, Eunice (Smith) Simons, 24-25, 349, 355

Bell, Capt. John R., 405

Bell, William, 172, 295, 341, 344

Belle Fourche River, 387

Bellevue, Ia., 189

Bellevue Point, Ore., 270

Benoit, Antoine, 140

Bent brothers, 8, 239

Bent, Charles, 298, 302, 432

Benton, Thomas Hart, 27, 325

Bergy (Bry) P., 383

Bernard Pratte & Co., 222-223, 318, 420; see French Fur Company

Berthold, Bartholomew, 27, 36, 221-222

Berthold, Pratte & Chouteau, 27-28; see French Fur Company

Berthoud, E. L., 410

Big Blue River, Kan., 327, 362

Big Elk, Omaha chief, 219

Big Hole Prairie, 136, 180

Big Hole River, 123-124, 127, 135, 397

Big Horn Basin, 87, 308, 388

Big Horn Mountains, 173, 306, 388

Big Horn River, 45, 50, 63, 65, 81, 86-87, 93, 101, 106, 129, 143, 163, 172-174, 190, 304, 306-308, 313-315, 319, 321, 345, 378, 383, 387-389, 392, 431

Big Lost River, Ida., 186

Big Muddy Creek, Wyo., 170

Big Sandy River, Wyo., 93, 154, 164, 219

Big Timber, Mont., 314

Big Vermilion Creek, Kan., 220

Big Wood (Malade) River, Ida., 186

Binghamton, N. Y., 25

Birch Creek (Coté’s Defile, Godair’s, Little Goddin’s River), 138, 291, 344, 397, 399

Bitterroot River, 123, 130

Bitterroot Valley, 127

Black, Arthur, 85, 134, 194-195, 257, 268, 277, 289, 340-341, 399, 413, 427

Black Bears Lake, 227; see Bear Lake

Black Canyon, of the Colorado, 414

Black Hills, S. Dak., 39, 80-83, 386-387

Black Rock Summit, Nev., 418

Blackbird, Omaha chief, 35

Blackbird’s Hill, 35

Blackfoot, Ida., 128

Blackfoot Country, 27, 48, 63-64, 120, 216, 234, 290, 307, 313-314, 317, 327

Blackfoot River, Ida., 120, 127, 129, 139-141, 187, 227, 272, 292, 395, 399

Blacks Fork of Green River, Wyo., 94, 143, 163-164

Blacksmiths Fork of Bear River, Ut., 120, 228

Blacksmiths Fork Canyon, 411, 418

Blodgett, Clark, 349

Blossom, H. M. S., 252

Blue Mountains, Ore., 284

Boatmen, see Voyageurs

Bodega, Calif., 206, 244, 249, 251, 256-257, 336

Boileau, see Bouldeau

Boise River, Ida., 127, 186, 226

Boldue, see Bouldeau

Boldue, (Bolduke), Lewis, 297-298

Bolliére, see Bouldeau

Bonneville, Capt. B. L. E., 316, 427

Boone, Daniel, 32

Boonslick Country, 21, 32, 194, 322

Boonville, Mo., 32

Booth, Laura, 350

Bostwick, O. N., 29, 407, 412

Bouldeau (Boileau, Boldue, Bolliére), Francois, 297-298, 341, 344

Boulder Canyon, of the Colorado River, 414

Boundaries, 119, 229-230, 270, 273

Bourdon, Michel, 120-124, 126, 142, 144, 146, 397

Bovey’s Fork of Big Horn River, 313

Box Elder Canyon, Ut. 411

Bradley, Lt.—, 70

Branch, Francis Z., 80, 90-91, 95, 109, 112, 386, 405

Bray, ——, 343

Brazeau, Auguste, 376

Brazeau, Joseph, Jr. (“Young Cayewa”), 36, 99, 104, 376-377, 392

Brazeau, Joseph, Sr., 376

Brazeau, Louis, Jr., 376

Brazeau, Louis, Sr. (“Old Cayewa”), 376

Brazeau’s Fort, 36; see Fort Kiowa

Bridger, James, 7, 97-98, 102, 143, 161, 180, 183, 301, 304-305, 313, 320, 327, 391, 410, 413, 430

Bridges, name in Flagg narrative, 391

Brigham City, Ut., 215

British Columbia, 118, 270

British fur trade and exploration; see Fur trade, exploration

Brown, David L., 430

Brown, Henry (“Boatswain”), 236, 240, 341, 344, 406

Brué, A. H., map of, 371

Bruffee, James B., 225, 233, 420-421

Bruneau River, Ida., 186

Bry, see Bergy

Buenaventura, Lake, 163-164, 182, 406

Buenaventura River (Bonadventure, Bonaventure), 154, 163-164, 182, 187-188, 192, 194-196, 201, 208, 225, 255-257, 283, 340

Bear River as, 188, 225

Carquinez Straits as, 255, 340

Green River as, 164

Sacramento River as, 256, 283, 340

San Joaquin River as, 257

Sevier River as, 164, 196

Buffalo Gap, S. Dak, 387

Buffom, ——, 349

“Bull Pen” (New Park), 160

Burdon, see Bourdon

Burning of Blackfeet, 124, 396.

Burr, David H., map of, 11, 176-177, 185-187, 210, 290, 316, 371, 398, 410-411, 419, 430

Cabanné, ——, 428

Cabanné, J. P., 385-386, 404

Cache la Poudre, 159

Cache (Willow) Valley, 120, 144, 148, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185, 187-188, 195, 215, 217, 225, 328, 342, 397, 410

Caches, 91, 94-95, 101, 113, 122, 129-130, 141, 155, 163-164, 167-170, 173, 181, 201, 293, 299, 308, 313-314, 321, 346, 400, 407, 411

Cajon de Muscupiabe, 423

Cajon Pass, 201, 243, 416, 423

Calapooya Mountains, Ore., 267, 276

Calaveras River, 258

Calhoun, ——, 296-297

California, 7, 193, 195, 205-207, 229, 235-236, 244, 250, 252, 272, 283, 287, 289, 303, 307, 315, 331-340, 343, 363-364, 386, 415-416, 424, 426-427, 431

California Trail, 186

Camas Prairie, Mont., 123

Camp, Charles L., 386, 394

Camp Defence (Defiance), 225, 315

Campbell, Hugh, 323-325, 357-358

Campbell, Mrs. Hugh, 357

Campbell, Richard, 250

Campbell, Robert, 8, 156, 179, 183, 234, 294-298, 301, 304-306, 323-326, 344, 349-350, 354-357, 388, 409-410, 430-431

Campbell, William, 236, 240, 341, 344

Canada, 28, 33, 35, 145, 195, 285, 289, 301, 401

Canadians, see French-Canadians

Cannonball River, N. Dak., 344, 394

Cantonment Barbour, 405

Cantonment Leavenworth, see Fort Leavenworth

Canyons, 83, 85, 90-91, 144-145, 148, 165, 169, 198, 228, 237-238, 387, 414

Cape Lookout, 276

Carpenter, ——, 45, 47-49, 342

Carquinez Straits, 251, 254-255, 257, 340

Carson, Alex, 150

Carson, Christopher (Kit), 435

Carson, Moses B., 67

Carson River, Nev., 210

Carter, Wyo., 170

Cascade Mountains, 182

Cassawesa, (Cha-cha-wea-te), Pierre, 396

Castor, 43, 233, 302

Casualty lists, 143, 341-345, 382-383, 392, 394, 402, 411, 422, 424, 428, 437

Catlin, George, 24

Cave, salt, 198, 332, 334-335

“Cayewa,” see Brazeau, Joseph, Jr. and Louis, Sr.

Cedar City, Ut., 414

Center Creek, Ut., 170

Cerrés, the, 374

Cha-cha-wea-te, see Cassawesa

Chadwick, ——, 326, 434

Chalk Creek, Ut., 170, 237, 422

“Chalk mountain,” 256

Champoeg, Ore., 274

Chapman, A., 42, 45, 106-107, 110

Chapman, Robert, 411

Charbonneau, Toussaint, 79, 99-100, 385, 392

Chariton, Mo., 357

Chenango County, N. Y., 24

Chenie, ——, 374

Cheyenne River, S. Dak., 58-59, 65, 82, 85, 381

Chico, Calif., 260

Chico Hot Springs, Mont., 430

Chihuahua, Mex., 326

Chinook language, 265-266

Chintache (Tulare) Lake, 416

Chouteau, Auguste, 22, 117, 145, 159

Chouteau, Auguste P., 223

Chouteau, Pierre Jr., 22, 28, 36, 189-190, 221-225, 315, 318, 320, 328, 396

Christian Indians, 145, 202, 208-209, 333

Christy, Eliza, 176

Cimarron River (Semerone, Simerone), 329-330, 362-363, 365, 436

Citoleux, Antoine, see Langevin

Clark, William, 7-9, 20, 22, 87, 163, 176, 197-198, 205, 245, 334, 337, 342, 374, 382, 437

Clarke, Ransom, 356

Clarks Fork of Columbia River, 120, 123, 128, 130, 152, 225, 290, 396-397, 427

Clarks Fork of Yellowstone River, 313-314

Clear Creek, Ut., 196, 414

Clement, ——, 151

Clyman, James, 50, 53-56, 65, 69-71, 79-82, 87, 90-95, 109, 156, 161-162, 166, 171, 185, 218-219, 344, 387, 390, 407

Colorado River, 164, 198-199, 201, 236-238, 240, 243, 250, 253, 310, 331-332, 335, 337, 344, 405, 414, 422; see also Green River

Colter, John, 93, 216, 390, 396, 419

Columbia, Mo., 322

Columbia Department, of Hudson’s Bay Co., 115, 118-121, 125-126, 130-132, 282-283, 395

Columbia Fur Company, 28, 78, 100, 105, 113, 317-318, 375, 385, 392

Columbia River, 26, 29, 66, 89, 115-119, 122, 131, 152, 163, 169, 193, 225, 235, 256, 270, 272, 281, 283-284, 288-290, 294-295, 299, 315, 322, 333, 340-341, 343, 346, 348, 352, 386, 404

Conmarrowap (Quimanuapa), Ute chief, 229, 421

Continental Divide, 27, 81, 92, 115-116, 132, 136, 146, 161, 192, 239, 273, 281, 288

Contracts, 321, 326-327

of Ashley with Smith, Jackson & Sublette, 190-191, 194, 218, 220-221, 224, 230-231, 232

Cooper, John Rogers, 246, 248-251, 253, 339-340, 423-424

Coos River, Ore., 266

Coquille River, Ore., 265

Corn Creek (Santa Clara River), Ut., 197

Corta (Courter), ——, 123, 396

Cosumnes River, 258

Coté (Cotty, Cory), Joseph, 291, 341, 344, 427

Coté’s Defile, see Birch Creek

Cottage Grove, Ore., 276

Cottonwoods, 44, 111, 157, 159-160, 241, 260

Cotty, see Coté

Coty, see Coté

Council Bluffs, 35, 62, 71, 106, 108, 299, 320, 375

Council Grove, Kan., 328

Courier, 204, 332, 336, 416

Cournoyer, Joseph, 276

Courter, see Corta

Cove Fort, Ut., 196, 414

Crescent City, Calif., 264

Crossings: of American River, 258

Colorado River, 198-199, 238-240, 335, 338

Jordan River, 214

Sacramento River, 260

San Joaquin River, 258

Crow Country, 301, 304-305

eulogy of, 89

Crow Encampment of 1823-24, 86-90

Crow Village, 386

Culver, ——, 381

Cunningham, Charles, 67

Cunningham, David, 236, 240, 341, 344

Cunningham, Capt. William H., 204, 206, 332, 336, 413-414, 416

Currant Summit, Nev., 418

Dana, William G., 416

Dardenne Township, Mo., 301

Davis, Betsey (Smith), 24

Davis, James, 380

Davis, May, 372

Daws (Daw), Thomas, 236, 257, 268, 341, 345

Day’s Defile, see Little Lost River

Dearborns, 315, 321, 343, 346

Dease, John W., 289

Decharle (Deharte), ——, 344, 394

Deep Creek Mountains, 211, 418

Deer Creek, Calif., 260

Deer Lodge Pass, Mont., 123

Deer Lodge Prairie, Mont., 123

Defeat River, Ore., 278; see Smith River

D’Eglise, Jacques, 33

Deharte, see Decharle

Dejardin, Paulet, 19

De Mun, Jules, 117, 145, 159

Depot, of Smith, Jackson & Sublette, 214, 217, 234, 236, 245, 251, 283, 289, 292-295, 332

Deromme (Deramme), Francois, 236, 240, 341, 344

Deserters, 29, 40, 48, 57, 61-63, 103, 121-122, 126, 144-146, 148-153, 170-172, 181-182, 258, 269, 271-273, 281-282, 292, 294, 301-302, 382-384, 394, 396, 402-403, 413, 427

Devil Canyon, Calif., 415

Devils Gate, Wyo., 110, 112, 389

Domínguez, Francisco Atanasio, 163, 195, 199

Doniphan, A. W., 362, 438

Dougherty, H., 356

Dougherty, John, 382, 411, 421

Drips, Andrew, 298, 306, 320, 345, 428, 432

Drownings, 49, 54, 62, 130, 265, 278, 342, 405

Dry Cimarron River, 436

Dry Sandy River, Wyo., 161

Dubois, Wyo., 86, 388

Duchesne River, Ut., 167, 169, 406

Dudley, S. S., 375

Duford, ——, 150

Dugway Range, Ut, 418

Durán, Narciso, 208-209, 244-246, 254, 333, 417, 423

Dutton, ——, 106-109, 390, 393

Easthampton, Conn., 23

Eaton, John H., 348

Ebberts, George W., 303, 429-430

Ebbetts Pass, 210, 418

Echeandia, Gov. José Maria de, 204-206, 209, 246-255, 331-333, 336, 338-340, 412-413, 416

Echo Canyon, 170

Eddie, Thomas, 80, 134, 172, 386, 399

Eddy, Mont., 123

Education, of Smith family, 25, 324, 353, 358-359

Elk, 34, 207, 244, 258, 260, 264-265, 336

Elk Mountain, Wyo., 160

Elk (Labiche) River, Ore., 267

Ely, Nev., 418

Engagés, 29, 44, 50, 63, 118, 122, 134, 150, 172, 190, 231, 276, 326-327, 339, 412, 420, 425, 427, 434

Enterprize, 29-33, 322

Equator, of Missouri River, 34

Erie, Lake, 24-25

Erie County, Pa., 25, 350

Escalante, Sylvestre Velez de, 163, 168-169, 195, 199, 414

Eugene, Ore., 276

Eustavan, Manuel, 195, 198, 413

Evans, John, 33

Evans, Robert, 194, 210, 212-213, 236, 413, 420-421

Evanston, Wyo., 422

Exhaustion of fur country, 282, 307, 317, 347

Exploration of the West: American, 27, 80-95, 115, 128-129, 141, 143, 147, 159-174, 187-188, 192-215, 226-228, 256, 287-288, 388-389, 414

British, 33, 116-117, 120-121, 142, 144, 152, 227, 252, 397, 399

Spanish, 33, 163-164, 168-169, 195, 199-200, 207, 256, 389-390, 414, 422

Expresses, 50, 57, 64, 105-109, 176-177, 191, 194, 198, 218-220, 308, 313, 315, 327, 408-409, 419, 435

Fages, Pedro, 207, 422

Fairbanks, ——, 358

Fargo Spring, Kan., 436

Farquhar, Francis P., 418

Farrington, S. H., 350

Ferguson, Daniel, 194, 206, 247-413

Ferris, Warren A., 181, 301, 327, 400, 402, 410, 421, 432

map of, 400, 402

Field, Matt, 419

Fink, Mike, 7, 45-49, 79, 342, 379

Fire Heart, Saone chief, 68, 71

Fish Spring Range, Ut, 418

Fitzgerald, John S., 97-98, 100, 218, 391, 393

Fitzpatrick, Thomas L. (“Bad Hand,” “Broken Hand”), 7, 67, 80, 93-95, 102-103, 105, 108-109, 112-115, 128, 140-141, 154-156, 161-164, 171, 180-181, 218, 300, 320, 327-329, 387, 389-390, 394, 407-409, 429-430, 433-436

“Five Scalps,” The, see Rose

Flaming Gorge, 165

Flathead Country, 120, 123, 151, 180-181, 234, 289-290, 294, 299, 301, 306-307, 429

Flathead Lake, 290, 300

Flathead River, 123, 290, 341

Fleming, ——, 67

Flournoy, Samuel, 326

Floyd, Sgt. John, 35

Floyd’s Bluff, 35

Folklore, 46-49, 85, 89, 91, 93, 156-157, 218, 287, 301-302, 304, 403

Fontenelle, Lucien B., 299, 302, 320

Fontenelle & Drips, partnership, 428, 432

Forsythe, Thomas, 401

Forts of the fur trade, 27-28, 45, 49, 60, 63, 93, 100-101, 116, 121, 123, 129, 180, 229, 376-377, 396, 405

described, 36, 40, 133, 346-347

Fort Atkinson, 35, 40, 58-59, 66, 70, 73, 100, 102, 107-109, 112-113, 121, 125, 146, 155, 157, 176, 315, 321, 385, 394

Fort Benton, 63, 378, 383, 392

Fort Brazeau (Brassaux), 36; see Fort Kiowa

Fort Cass, 392

Cedar Fort, see Fort Recovery

Fort Colville, 281, 290, 300, 341

Flathead Post, 120-123, 125, 130-135, 137, 152, 225, 281, 290-291, 341, 386, 398, 403, 427

Fort Floyd (Union), 319

Fort George (Astoria), 116-117, 131-132, 152, 270, 281

Fort Hall, 236, 421

Henry’s Fort on Henrys Fork of Snake, 405

Fort Henry (Big Horn), 101, 103, 105, 106, 143, 392-393

Fort Henry (Yellowstone), 28-29, 36, 40, 43-45, 47-49, 64-65, 97, 101, 103, 106, 115, 380

Fort Kiowa (Brassaux, Brazeau, Lookout), 58, 64, 66, 78-82, 86, 96, 98-100, 106, 108, 113, 140, 222, 376-377, 380, 385-386, 392

Fort (Cantonment) Leavenworth, 322, 356

Fort Lookout, see Fort Kiowa

Fort Nez Perces (Walla Walla), 117, 120-121, 125, 131, 152, 225, 283-285, 293

Fort Osage, 33

Fort Pierre (Tecumseh), 320

Fort des Prairies, 122, 152

Fort Raymond, 392

Fort Recovery (Cedar Fort), 36, 40, 50-51, 62, 64, 66, 79, 86, 113, 376-377, 385

Spokane House, 120-122, 132, 281

Fort Tecumseh (Pierre), 320

Tilton’s Fort, 100, 103-104, 113, 385

Fort Union (Floyd), 319, 328

Fort Vancouver, 11, 268-270, 273-275, 278-279, 281, 283, 286, 288-290, 300, 341, 346-348, 372, 427

Fort Vanderburgh, 60, 64, 67, 78, 379, 385

Foster, Maj. William S., 383

Fraeb (Frapp), Henry G., 185, 306, 320, 327, 410

Francisco, Mojave interpreter, 200, 238, 422

Franklin, 251-252

Franklin, Mo., 32, 322

Franklin County, Mo., 411

Frapp, see Fraeb

Fraser River, British Columbia, 280, 288

Free Trappers (American), 29, 44, 143, 149, 171, 173, 188, 192, 230-233, 243, 257, 269, 282, 292, 306, 319-320, 394; see also Mountain Men

Freemen (British), 118, 120-123, 126, 134, 136, 138, 140, 142, 144, 149-152, 171, 271, 281, 291, 294

Frémont, John Charles, 9, 389

Frémont River, Ut., 227

French-Canadians, 21, 44, 53, 57, 90, 118, 137, 141, 144, 147-148, 168-169, 236, 274, 314, 376, 406, 413

French Fur Company (Berthold, Pratte & Chouteau, Bernard Pratte & Co. etc.), 27-28, 35-36, 78-80, 99, 104-105, 189-190, 221-225, 298, 317-318, 345, 374-375, 386, 392, 420

French Fur Company II (Papin et al), 374

Front Range, 159

Fur Brigades, 307, 313, 317, 327

Fur Trade: British in, 28, 33, 36, 39, 115-153, 232, 262, 266, 268-289, 292, 298, 300, 341-342, 346-348, 394-403, 425-427

capital employed in, 154, 175, 190-191, 221-223, 225, 233, 251-252, 299, 315, 319, 323-325, 342, 357, 379, 408, 420

competition in, 27-29, 36, 40, 45, 78, 85-86, 106, 113, 115-119, 129, 131-132, 137-141, 144, 147-153, 166-167, 180-181, 188-189, 232, 237, 250, 270-274, 277, 280-282, 289, 291-294, 298-301, 306-207, 315, 317-320, 328, 385, 402-403, 420

economics of, 28-29, 43-44, 50, 65-66, 78, 118-120, 126, 130, 134, 148-149, 151, 154, 172, 175, 190-191, 207, 221-225, 230-234, 257, 271-272, 280-282, 300, 319, 321, 323, 326, 328, 342, 401, 412, 420-421, 425-427, 433, 435

farming in, 105, 270, 280-281, 347; see also Indians, Agriculture

financial losses in, 20, 33, 51, 63-64, 74, 78, 101, 103, 113, 189, 240, 271-272, 274-278, 281, 284, 293-294, 298-299, 338, 341-342, 378, 383, 403

French in, 36, 39

goods of, 171-172, 195, 198, 232, 278

prices for 231-233, 284

innovations in, 28-29, 34, 117-118, 131-132, 156, 171-174, 177-179, 221-224, 257, 317, 425

international aspects of, 33, 115, 118-119, 129, 136, 148-153, 229-230, 255, 300, 341-342, 347-348, 402-403, 423-424

legislation respecting, 77, 154

monopoly in, 116, 126-149, 151, 191, 231-233, 271, 319, 404

returns of, 44, 52, 63, 65-66, 95, 103, 114, 118-119, 121-122, 125, 130, 139, 151-152, 172-174, 181, 190, 192, 208, 226, 233-234, 251-252, 257-258, 271-272, 278-279, 283-284, 287, 291-292, 299, 302, 306, 308, 322-323, 325, 341-342, 347, 395, 400, 403-404, 407, 412, 417, 428, 430, 433, 435

Spanish in, 33, 36-37, 39, 195

wages of, 23, 29, 44, 50, 97, 172, 222, 231, 301, 326, 420-421, 430

Gabbs Valley Range, Nev., 418

Gaige, ——, 349

Gaiter (Gaither), John, 194, 257, 341, 345, 413

Galbraith, Isaac, 172, 236, 243, 254, 423

Galena, Ill., 189

Gallatin, Albert, map of, 210, 371

Gallatin Range, Mont., 307

Gallatin River, 307

Garcés, Francisco, 199-200, 207, 414

Gardner, ——, 300

Gardner, Johnson, 143, 148-151, 169-170, 292, 306, 403, 432

Garreau, ——, 428

Gendreau (Geaudreau, Joundreau, Jean-drois), J. B., 141, 294, 341, 345

Gervais, Jean Baptiste, 306, 320, 327

Gibbon Pass, 123, 127, 130, 135, 398

Gibbs, George, 371

Gibson, Reed, 55, 380

Gila River, 238-239, 335

Glass, Hugh, 7, 10, 79, 96-102, 105-111, 113, 319, 390-394, 430, 432

Gobel, Silas, 194, 210, 213, 236, 240, 341, 344, 413

Godair’s River, see Birch Creek

Godan (Godair, Goddin), A. or John, 295, 341, 345

Goddin, Thyery, 141, 172

Goodrich, ——, 294

Gordon, William, 64, 67, 85-87, 104, 113, 320, 384-385, 387, 400-401

Graff, Everett D., 369, 391

Grand Detour of Missouri River, 36, 66

Grand Island, of Platte, 176, 219

Grand Lake, see Great Salt Lake

Grand River, Colorado, 239

Grand River, S. Dak., 65, 68, 78, 96-97, 385

Granite Pass, Wyo., 388

Grater, Russell K., 414

Gray, James, 22

Great Basin, 7, 141, 147-148, 163, 169-170, 197, 210-211, 336-337, 414

Great Divide Basin, 161

Great Falls (Dalles) of Columbia, 346, 348

Great Falls of Missouri, 63, 123, 125, 397

Great Salt Lake (Buenaventura, Grand, Great, Large Bear, Timpanogos), 120, 124, 143-144, 147, 152, 163, 170, 179, 181-185, 188, 193, 211, 213-215, 226-228, 284-285, 293-295, 298, 320, 332, 336-337, 342, 402, 406, 410, 421

Great Salt Lake Valley, 187, 195, 218, 237, 402

“Great Sandy Plain,” see Sand Plain

Green River (Leichadu, Rio Colorado, Seeds-ka-day, Seeds-kee-dee Agie, Seedskeeder, Shetskedee, Siskadee, Spanish, Verde), 90, 92-94, 124, 128, 131, 142, 147, 154, 161-167, 169, 177, 184, 187, 226-227, 239, 299, 344, 389-390, 397, 403, 406-407; see also Colorado River

Ashley’s voyage down, 162, 164-167

Green River Valley, 89-90, 93-94, 115, 117, 128, 143, 147, 177, 218, 320, 390, 397

Green Township, Ashland County, O., 26, 324, 373

Greenwood, Caleb, 172, 305

Gregg, Josiah, 329

Grey, John, 149-150, 181

Greybull, Wyo., 388

Grey Eyes, Ankara chief, 51, 72, 75-77, 107

Gros Ventre River, Wyo., 390

Guanajuato, Mex., 433

Gulf of California, 186, 335

Gulls in Cache Valley, 183

Ham, Zacharias, 156, 162, 169

Hams Fork, Wyo., 162, 342

Hanna, John, 194, 257, 259, 278, 341, 345, 413

Harney, Capt. William Selby, 408

Harris, ——, 103-105, 218, 393

Harris, George, 393

Harris, James, 393

Harris, Moses (“Black”), 8, 103-105, 185, 218-220, 308, 315, 393, 410, 419

Hartnell, William, 247, 249, 339

Hay Fork of Trinity River, 261

Hays, Carl D. W., 370, 411

Heber City, Ut., 170

Hell Canyon, S. Dak., 387

Hell Gate, Mont., 123, 134

Hempstead, Thomas, 28-29, 36

Henderson, William, 416

Henry, Andrew, 7, 20, 23, 26-29, 32, 40, 42, 44-45, 49, 57, 63, 65-67, 74, 78-79, 81, 87, 92-93, 96-97, 100-106, 113-115, 129, 143, 154-155, 172, 344, 374, 378, 383-385, 389, 393-394, 404

Henrys Fork of Green River, 163-165, 170, 188, 405, 407

Henrys Fork of Snake River, 125, 127, 152, 177, 187, 216, 272, 306-307, 341, 395, 405

Hermit Valley, Calif., 418

Hesperia, Calif., 416, 423

Higuera’s rancho, Calif., 413

Hoback River, Wyo., 128, 177

Holliday, J. S., 370, 410, 429

Holliday, R. T., 392

Horse Creek, Wyo., 94, 390

Horse Plains or Prairie, Mont., 123, 225, 315

Hot Creek, Nev., 418

Hot Springs, 216-217, 308

Howard County, Mo., 411, 413

Huddart, William, 390

Hudson’s Bay Company, 28, 115-116, 118-126, 130-132, 134, 146, 150-153, 170-172, 180-183, 225, 262, 266, 268-294, 341-342, 346-348, 383, 386, 402-403, 426-427

Humboldt, Alexander von, 163

Humboldt River, Nev., 182, 211

Humboldt Sink, 182

Hunt, Wilson Price, 121, 374, 376

Hyrum, Ut., 187

Illinois, 23, 26, 349

Illinois College, 324, 358

Immell, Michael E., 27, 45, 63, 379, 383, 388

Immell-Jones Massacre, 63-64, 67, 298, 385, 387

Inconstant River, see Mojave River

Independence, Mo., 321, 326-327, 363, 434

Independence Mountains, Nev., 182

Independence Rock, 112, 155, 219, 394

Indians: agriculture, 38, 70-72, 99, 104, 197-199, 238-239, 332, 334

dwellings, 37-38, 88, 197, 213, 226, 258, 262

fights with, 51-61, 63-64, 68-79, 87, 97, 103-105, 121-122, 128, 140, 145, 147, 171, 173, 228-229, 239-241, 253, 261, 268-269, 294-298, 300, 352, 385, 396, 407, 417, 422-423

guide service by, 86, 89-90, 94, 99-100, 108, 120, 145, 148, 152, 157-159, 168, 180, 195, 197, 200, 203, 213, 215, 219-220, 228, 242, 244, 256, 267, 269, 332

guns among, 52-54, 56, 68, 168, 195

hostility, 7, 27, 36-57, 50-78, 96-97, 100-105, 107, 109-111, 113-114, 117, 120-125, 127-128, 136-138, 140-143, 145-148, 155, 158-159, 161, 167, 171, 173-174, 188, 216-217, 227-230, 261, 265-269, 275-276, 285, 291, 293-298, 300, 303, 306-307, 310, 314, 317, 319, 328-331, 328-342, 344-345, 352, 362-365, 385, 393, 396-397, 400-402, 407, 409, 411, 417, 422-423, 428, 436

presents to, 37-40, 51, 64, 195-196, 229, 237, 265, 277

trade, 36-38, 50, 52, 60, 66, 73, 79-80, 82, 84, 86, 99, 101, 103, 106, 115, 117. 133-134, 136, 154, 168, 171, 195-196, 200, 238-239, 243, 252, 262, 266-267, 281, 290-291, 296, 306, 319-320, 332, 335, 337-338 340, 347

treaties, 72-76, 172, 180, 229, 237, 291, 337

Indian Tribes: Abenakis, 118

Apaches, 239

Arapahoes, 158, 171, 328, 383

Arikaras (Rees, Ricaras), 37-39, 50, 53-56, 59-62, 64, 66-70, 72-79, 87, 96, 99-101, 104-107, 111, 113, 159, 174, 190, 317, 319, 344-345, 375, 381, 384, 387, 393-394

Assiniboines, 103, 378

Atsina, see Gros Ventres of the Prairies

Bannocks, 180

Blackfeet, 27, 32, 49, 61, 63-64, 87, 103, 117, 121-125, 130, 133, 136-38, 141, 146, 173, 179, 216-218, 228, 234, 290-291, 293, 295-296, 298, 306-307, 314, 328, 341. 344-345, 379, 383, 396, 409, 428

Bloods, 64, 138, 140, 383

Bois Brule Sioux, 82

“Cahoose” (Coos?), 277, 295

Calapooyas, 265-267

Cheyennes, 86-87, 121, 146, 305, 374, 387

Colanais, see Kutenais

Comanches, 7, 328-330, 362-365, 436

Comanches Sozones, see Snakes

Coos, see Cahoose

Cosumnes (Ccssmines), 208

Coyotero Apaches, 239

Crows, 50, 64, 74, 86-90, 93, 101, 103, 106, 113, 121, 123, 146, 161, 173, 179, 299, 305, 319-320, 345, 375, 379, 387-388, 394, 400, 428

Ear Ring, see Pend d’Oreilles

Flatheads (Salish), 120, 133, 152, 180, 281, 291, 296, 300, 306, 397

Grand Pawnees, 157

Gros Ventres of the Missouri, see Minnetarees

Gros Ventres of the Prairies (Atsina), 171, 328-329, 383

Hunk-papa Sioux, 67

Hupas, 262

Iowas, 31

Iroquois, 24 (see Iroquois Trappers)

Kaws (Kansas), 31, 220, 321, 346

Kelawatsets, 267-269, 276-277, 345

Killimaux, Killamau (Tillimook), 268-269

Kiowas, 158, 328

Kutenais (Colanais, Kootenays), 133, 135, 300

Loups, see Pawnee Loups

Mandans, 39, 66, 97, 100-101, 103-104, 197, 375, 379, 385

Minnetarees(Hidatsa, Gros Ventres of the Missouri, Milanaua), 39, 74, 103, 113, 344, 375, 379, 383, 394

Mojaves (Ammucháibas, Amuchabas, Muchabas), 199-200, 238-241, 253-254, 310, 332, 335, 337, 339. 344, 352, 415, 422

Mokelumnes (Mackalumbrys, Muguelemnes), 208, 417

Nez Perces, 133, 135

Nipissings, 195

Ogalalla Sioux, 82

Omahas, 35, 219

Paiutes (Pa-Utches), 197-199, 210, 227, 237 238, 243, 334-335, 337, 414

Pawnees, 107, 111, 146, 155, 157, 219. 234, 320, 328-329, 404, 436

Pawnee Loups, 107, 158-159

Pen d’Oreilles (Ear Ring), 121, 133

Piegans, 64, 123-124, 127, 136, 152, 383, 396

Poncas, 374

St. Peters Sioux, 344

Salish, see Flatheads

Sampatch (Sanpitch) Utes, 196, 334, 337

Saone(Sioune) Sioux, 67-68, 71, 104

Sauks(Sacs), 31

Score, 379

Serranos, 243

Shoshoni, see Snakes

Siksika, 383

Sioux, 28, 36, 39, 50, 60-61, 66-74, 86, 78-79, 81, 87, 99, 104, 108, 113-114 344, 374-375, 392, 394, 401

Snakes (Shoshoni, Comanches Sozones), 94, 128, 130, 143, 145-146, 148, 154, 161, 168, 180, 186, 215, 228, 292-295, 299, 341, 344-345, 402, 421

Spokanes, 133

Teton (Tangtons) Sioux, 66, 68, 79, 104, 376

Tillamooks, see Killimaux

Umpquas, 267, 277, 289, 310, 345, 348, 355

Utes (Utas, Utaws, Yutas, Yutas Timpanagos), 144, 148, 167-168, 195-197, 200, 226-229, 237, 239, 337, 402

Welsh or White Indians, 33, 39

“Wild” Indians, 196, 202, 208, 237, 238

Wim-mul-ches, 336

Yankton Sioux, 66, 68, 105, 376

Yutas Timpanagos, see Utes

Iron Shirt, Piegan chief, 64

Iroquois Trappers, 118, 120-121, 125, 127-129, 137, 139, 142, 143, 146-147, 149-150, 286, 291, 294, 344, 396-398, 400

Iyo (Tyo), ——, 63, 344

Jackson, Andrew, 80, 348

Jackson, David E., 189-191, 194, 215-218, 226, 233-234, 289-290, 292, 301, 304, 306-307, 313, 315, 325-327, 331, 341, 343, 350-353, 411, 416, 421, 423, 429, 433-434; see also Jackson & Sublette; Smith, Jackson & Sublette

Jackson, G., 411

Jackson, George, 411

Jackson, George C., 67, 189, 411

Jackson & Sublette, 317, 321, 325-329, 432-433, 435

Jackson Hole, Wyo., 125, 128, 141, 177, 187, 190, 216, 398, 430

Jacksonville, Ill., 324, 358, 365

James, Edwin, 405

Jeandrois, see Gendreau

Jefferson City, Mo., 321

Jefferson River, Mont., 63, 396-397

Jericho, N. Y., see Bainbridge

Jocko River, Mont., 123

Johnson, ——, 294

Johnson, John, 295, 341, 345

Joint Commission, Navy and Engineer

Officers, 371-372

Jones, Robert, 27, 45, 63, 379, 383; see also Immell-Jones Massacre

Jones, Sally (Smith), 24

Jones, William, 361

Jordan River, Ut, 147, 214, 402

Joshua Pilcher & Co., 299-301, 428

Joundreau, see Gendreau

Judith River, (“Proveau’s Fork”), Mont., 47, 314, 431

Kamas Prairie, Ut, 170, 422

Kanota, ——, 150

Kansas Ferry, 356

Kaw (Kansas) River, 176, 220, 303, 316, 321, 343, 411

Kaw Village, Old, 220

Keemle, Charles, 64, 85-86, 113, 191-192, 322, 385-387

Keith, James, 426

Kennedy, J. Lenox, 424

Ketchum, Maj. Daniel, 391

Kettle Falls of Columbia, 281, 341

Keyte, ——, 357

Kings River (Wim-mul-che), Calif., 207, 336, 417

Kingsville, O., 355

Kipp, James, 393

Kirker, James, 8

Kittson, William, 134-135, 137-139, 142, 149-152, 183, 227, 399

map of, 399

Klamath River, Calif., 262-263, 371

Knife River, 39

Kramer (Kremer), ——, 344, 394

Kutenai Country, 151, 273, 290, 294, 306, 341

Kutenai River, 300

Kyle, ——, 357

LaBarge Creek, Wyo., 171, 407

Labiche River, see Elk River

Labross, Polette (Polite), 236, 240, 341, 344

Laframboise, Michel, 274-276, 279

Laguna de Timpanogos, 163

Lake River, see Weber River

Laketown, Ut., 228

Lane, William Carr, 155, 404

Langevin (Antoine Citoleux), 99, 100, 104, 317, 392

Langue de Biche, Arikara chief, 107

Laplant, Abraham, 194-195, 200, 204, 257, 278, 341, 345, 413

Lapoint, Joseph, 236, 257, 264, 341, 345

Laramie Mountains, Wyo., 345, 393

Laramie Plains, Wyo., 160

Laramie River, Wyo., 106

Large Bear Lake, 183; see also Great Salt Lake

Lariour, Luke (Larime, J.), 306, 341, 345

Laws, 77, 154, 230

Lazarus (Lazares), Manuel, 194, 257, 341, 345, 413

Leavenworth, Col. Henry, 49, 59-62, 64, 66-79, 102, 105, 107-108, 112, 190, 384, 392

LeBarras’ Hotel, St. Louis, 175

Leblac, ——, 383

LeClaire, Antoine Jr., 401

LeClaire, Antoine Sr., 401

LeClaire, Francois, 401

LeClerc (LaClaire, LeClair, LeClere), ——, 144, 146-148, 166-167, 188, 345, 401, 411

LeClerc, Francois, 411

LeClerc, Narcisse, 401

Leichadu River, see Green River

Leland, Richard, 257, 267, 269, 289-290, 427

Lemai, ——, 63

Lemere, ——, 383

Lemhi Pass, 124-125, 127, 130, 397-399

Lemhi River, Ida., 125, 138

Lemhi Valley, Ida., 137, 397, 399

LeMore, ——, 428

Leroux, Antoine, 8

Levan, Ut., 414

Lewis, Meriwether, 7-9, 37, 387

Lewis and Clark Expedition, 7-9, 25, 33-35, 37, 39, 79, 92, 155, 163

Lewis Lake, Wyo., 419

Lewis’s River, see Snake River

Lexington, Mo., 225, 306, 326-327, 434

Licenses to trade, 154, 176, 205-206, 225, 315, 332, 374-376, 379, 401, 408, 420, 431

Liquor, 8, 19, 22, 47-48, 62, 156, 164, 171, 195, 202-203, 293

Lisa, Manuel, 37, 45, 93, 389, 392

Little Blue Creek, Mo., 435

Little Colorado River, 239, 250

Little Goddin’s River, see Birch Creek

Littlehorn Mountains, see Owl Creek Mountains

Little Horn River, 313, 315

Little Lake, see Bear Lake

Little Lost River (Day’s Defile), Ida., 138-139, 292, 399

Little Missouri River, N. Dak., 40

Little Snake Lake, see Bear Lake

Little Soldier, Ankara chief, 51-52, 73, 75

Livingston, Mont., 307

Logan, Ephraim, 295, 341, 344

Lone Tree Creek, 258

Long’s Expedition, 34, 157, 405

Los Angeles, Pueblo de, 204, 416

Lost Creek, see Pumbar’s Fork

Lost (Beaver) River, Ut., 197, 237

Loup Fork of Platte River, 157

Lower Salmon Falls of Snake River, 186

Macomb, Maj. Gen. A., 105

McCloud River, Calif., 283

McCoy, Martin, 194, 257, 341, 345, 413

McDonald, Angus, 51, 67, 71, 104, 382, 384

McDonald, Finan, 122-125, 127, 130, 138, 396-398

Mackay, James, 33

McKay, Charles, 183

M’Kee, Redick, 371

Mackenzie, Donald, 93, 117-118, 120, 124-125, 127, 135, 395, 397

McKenzie, Kenneth, 319-320, 328, 375, 391, 427, 432

McLeod, Alexander Roderic, 274-276, 278-280, 283-285, 295, 426-427 449

McLeod, Jack, 406

McLoughlin, Dr. John, 130, 268-272, 274-276, 283, 289, 291, 403, 425

“Made Beaver,” defined, 152

Madison Range, Mont., 307

Madison River, Mont., 92, 307, 328, 396

Malade River, see Big Wood River

Mallet brothers, 33

Mandan Villages, 28, 33, 39, 60, 64, 66-67, 78, 99-100, 103-105, 317-318, 345, 378-379, 385, 392, 394, 432

Manhattan, Nev., 418

Manuel, ——, 423

Maps, 11, 163-164, 176-177, 185-187, 203, 209-210, 229, 287, 290, 316, 371-372, 389, 398-399, 400-402, 404-405, 410-411, 419, 427, 430-431

Maréchal (Marishall, Marrishall), Toussaint, 236, 257, 259, 265, 341, 345

Marion, Oregon Indian boy, 265, 277, 341, 345

Marlow, E., 300

Marl Spring, Calif., 415

Marsh, ——, 106-109, 393

Marshall, ——, 181, 342, 409

Martínez, Francisco Pizarro, 434

Martínez, Ignacio, 208-209, 245, 417

Marysvale Canyon, Ut., 414

Massacres, 63-64, 101, 107, 147-148, 239-241, 253, 268-269, 274, 277-278, 298, 310, 338, 340-341, 392

Mattes, Merrill J., 429

Mayo, C, 63, 344

Mazatlán, Mexico, 424

Mead, ——, 349

Medicine Bow Mountains, 160

Medicine Creek, S. Dak., 386

Meek, Joseph L., 10, 303, 307-308, 313-315, 321, 429, 435

Melish map, 229

Menard, ——, 432

Metaline Falls of Clarks Fork, 290

Methodists, 22, 39, 176

Mexico, 28, 149, 205-206, 209, 229-230, 248-251, 253, 255, 329, 332, 337, 339, 347, 424

Milk River, 42

Miller, Alfred Jacob, 218, 419

Mills (Wells), ——, 326, 434

Minister, American, to Mexico, 205, 229-230, 255, 331, 424

Minnie Maud Creek, Ut., 406

Mino (Meno), ——, 306, 428

Minter, ——, 329, 436

Missions of California, 193, 200-204, 208-209, 244, 252, 332-333, 338

Missoula, Mont., 123

Missouri Fur Company, 27-28, 35-37, 45, 50-51, 60, 62-64, 67-68, 77-78, 85-87, 104, 106, 113, 117, 298, 300, 345, 374, 376, 378-379, 387, 396, 400

“Missouri Lake,” 307

Missouri Legion, 67-79, 387, 411

Missouri River, 9, 20, 27-28, 30-34, 40-42, 45, 47-48, 50-51, 56, 58, 62-63, 68-69, 83, 89, 99-101, 104, 117, 123, 125, 152, 172-174, 176, 187, 231, 272-273, 291, 298, 307, 317-318, 321-322, 344, 374-376, 378, 385, 397, 408, 421

navigation of, 30-33, 50, 62, 65, 68-69, 99-101, 104

Mohican Township, Wayne County, O., 360, 366

Mojave Desert, 200, 207, 241-242, 336, 338, 415

Mojave Massacre, 7, 253-254, 338-341, 352, 406, 422

Mojave (Inconstant) River, 200-201, 210, 242-243, 329, 415-416, 423

Mojave Trail, San Bernardino Mountains, 201

Mojave Villages, 199-200, 238-239, 341

Mokelumne River, Calif., 258

Monitor Range, Nev., 418

Monterey, Calif., 163, 194, 204, 209, 246-247, 249, 252, 256, 338, 423

Montour, ——, 150

Moore, Daniel S. Dak., 29, 33-34, 375

Moraga, ——, 207

More, E., 106-107, 110

Mormons, 410, 414

Mormon Trail, 157, 170, 176

Morris, Lt. —, 70, 72

Mountain Green, Ut., 403

Mountain Men: making of, 9, 28-29, 44, 83, 88

marksmanship of, 250, 253, 423

morals of, 88, 203, 351; see also Free Trappers

Mount Joseph, 202, 336; see Sierra Nevada

Mount Shasta, 260

Multnomah River, see Willamette River

Mussel Point, 424

Musselshell River, 45-48, 63, 314, 383, 431

Naval base on Columbia River, 289, 348

Needles, The, 199

Negroes, 21, 157, 181, 195, 204, 236, 324, 341, 433

Néll (Neil), August, 104, 344

Neppasang, ——, 195, 198, 413

Nevada, 182, 186, 210-211

New Caledonia, see British Columbia

Newell, Robert, 303, 306-307, 313, 429, 431

New England ancestry of Jedediah Smith, 23

New Hampshire, 23

New Mexico, base for trapping, 20, 144-148, 166, 237-239, 250, 307, 319, 328, 390, 401, 406, 422, 430, 433

New Park, 159

New River, 183-184; see Weber River New York, 23-24, 355

Niagara Falls, 23

Niles’ Register, 155

North Branch of Umpqua (Defeat, Smith) River, 278

North East Township, Erie County, Pa., 25

North Fork of Stanislaus River, 210, 418

“North Pass,” 92, 307

North Pilot Butte, Wyo., 161

North Platte River, 95, 109, 158-160, 177, 192, 303, 393

North Saskatchewan River, 122, 273

North West Company, 28, 116-118, 125-126, 131, 135, 270, 395, 397

Nor’Westers, 28, 93, 116-117, 227, 274

N Parsey (Nez Perce) River, 123; See Snake River

Nutt, Robert, 172

O’Connor, Patrick, 145

O’Fallon, Benjamin, 59-62, 66, 73, 113, 146, 155, 382, 384, 394, 400-401, 404

O’Fallon, John, 384

Ogden, Peter Skene, 130-131, 133-145, 148-153, 169, 180, 182-183, 185-186, 211, 232-234, 270-273, 281, 291-294, 315, 397-399, 402-403, 421-422, 425, 428, 431

Ogden Hole or Valley, 144

Ogden River, 184

O’Hara, Jacob, 295, 341, 344

Oraibe, Ariz., 414

Oregon, 7, 209, 235, 262, 264, 272-273, 287-289, 346-348, 424

British in, 115-153, 268-295, 340-342, 346-348

Jedediah Smith on, 288-289, 340-342, 346-348

partition of, 119, 132, 149, 270, 273, 280

Oregon Trail, 91, 176, 303, 316, 321-322

Orrs Ranch, Ut., 418

Ortago, Gregory, 236, 240, 341, 344

Owl Creek (Littlehorn) Mountains, Wyo., 86-87, 308

Owyhee River, 292

Owyhees (Hawaiians), 118

Pacific Coast, 235, 237, 262-269, 274-278

Pacific Fur Company, 116, 118

Pacific Ocean, 168, 174, 182-184, 187-188, 191-194, 200, 247, 262-267, 309, 340, 346, 352, 424

Pacific Spring, Wyo., 388

Paiute Spring, Calif., 415

Pale, see Relle

Palmer, Joseph, 236, 257, 341, 345

Pancake Range, Nev., 418

Papin, ——, 374

Park, Thomas B., 246

Parkman, Samuel, 303, 325-326, 433, 438

Passports, 205, 209, 229, 251, 325-326, 434

Paul, Prince (Duke of Württemberg), 375, 385-386

Pautch Creek, see Beaverdam Wash

Pawnee Fork, Kan., 328-329, 436

Pawnee Villages, 157

Payette, Francois, 139

Payette (Ward’s) Lake, Ida., 186

Payette River, 127, 186, 226

Pend d’Oreille, Lake, 290

Perma, Mont, 123

Perrault, ——, 150

Personnel of Jedediah Smith parties, 80, 134, 172, 177, 179, 186, 194-195, 236, 257, 265, 341, 409, 413

Pierre, Old, see Tivanitagon

Pierre’s Fork (Teton River), Ida., 306

Pierre’s Hole (Teton Valley), Ida., 127, 306, 430

Pike, Zebulon, 163

Pilcher, Joshua, 8, 28, 36, 60, 62, 64, 66-68, 72-74, 76-77, 79, 86-87, 113, 289, 298-301, 320, 382, 384, 401, 427-428, 432

Pilot Range, Nev., 418

Pinch, Jeremy, 396

Piseadore River, 257

Pit River, Calif., 272

Plaine Township, Wayne County, O., 356, 362

Platte River, 34-35, 95, 106-107, 110, 156-157, 176, 187, 219, 234, 299, 301, 316, 343, 345-346, 393, 428

Plaude, ——, 383

Polite, see Labross

Politics, Ashley in, 27, 60, 113, 191, 326, 404,

Pombert (Pompare, Pumbar), Louis, 195, 257-258, 413

Ponto, Glaud (?), 314, 321, 431

Pope Mine, Ariz., 414

Popo Agie River, Wyo., 90, 303-304, 316

Portages, 165-166

Portneuf Range, Ida., 400

Portneuf River, Ida., 127, 141, 187, 294, 344, 398, 400

Potts, Daniel T., 47-48, 87, 143, 193, 216-217, 226-229, 231-232, 377, 390, 419

Powder Manufacturing, by Ashley, 26

Powder River, Mont, and Wyo., 45, 50, 81, 83-84, 86, 101, 103, 106, 304, 307, 313, 320, 387, 431

Powell, John Wesley, 165, 406

Pratte, Bernard, 27, 36, 221, 223-224, 401; see also Bernard Pratte & Company

Pratte, Sylvestre, 239

Prayers, 57, 263, 309-311, 324, 351-352, 354, 357, 359-360, 381

Presbyterians, 22, 324

Prices, table of, 232; see also Fur Trade

Promissory notes, 305, 321, 432

Promontory Mountains, Ut, 184

“Proveau’s Fork,” see Jordan River

Provo River, Ut., 147-148, 169-170, 181, 237, 402, 422

Provost, Etienne, 8, 144-148, 166, 182, 188, 195, 222, 239, 319-320, 345, 400-402, 406, 411, 413, 420

Prudhomme, Gabriel, 151

Pryor, Nathaniel, 37

Pryors Gap, 313-314

Pryor Mountains, Mont., 314

Pumbar’s Fork (Lost Creek), Ut., 413

Punitive Expedition, Umpqua, 274-279

Quamash Flats, Ida., 315

Quimanuapa, see Conmarrowap

Rabbit River, see Sevier River

Ragotte, P., see Rashotte

Ram’s Head, 398

Ranches of California, 201-203, 208, 243, 326

Ranchester, Wyo., 388

Randavouze Creek, 165; see also Henrys Fork of Green River

Ranges, Western, 160, 253

Ranne (Raney, Rannee), Peter, 194-195, 204, 257, 267, 278, 341, 345, 413

Rariet, see Rashotte

Rashotte, F. (Ragotte, P., Rariet), 294, 341, 344

Ratelle, John B., 236, 240, 341, 344

Red Bluff, Calif., 260

Red Head’s Town (St. Louis), 20, 31

Red River Settlement (Winnipeg), 273, 285-286

Redwood Creek, Calif., 424

Redwoods, 262

Reed, James, 194, 257-258, 413

Relle (Pale), John, 236, 240, 341, 345

Rendezvous: of 1824, 91, 94-95

of 1825, 162, 164-165, 170-173, 403, 407

of 1826, 185, 187-191, 193, 195, 225, 331, 310-312, 420

of 1827, 190-191, 194, 201, 208, 210, 215, 227-234, 236, 290, 295

of 1828, 235, 296-299, 304, 319

of 1829, 303-304, 306-307, 319, 429-430

of 1830, 316-317, 320-322, 327, 343, 346

of 1831, 328

of 1838, 316

Requa, Calif., 264

Reubascan, John, 194, 257, 413

Richland County, O., 353-354

Riley, Capt. Bennet, 68-71, 112

Rio Grande (Rio del Norte), 163, 239, 272

Robases, see Robiseau

Robbins, Thomas, 416

Robidoux, Antoine, 8

Robidoux, Joseph, 319-320, 432

Robidoux brothers, 222, 239

Robinson, John King, map of, 163-164

Robiseau (Robases), ——, 236, 240, 341, 344

Rock River Rapids of Mississippi River, 23

Rock Springs, Calif., 415

Rocky Mountain Fur Co., 316, 320-321, 327-328, 435

Rocky Mountains, 7, 28, 41, 113, 115, 118, 143, 154, 156, 159-160, 175-176, 182, 187, 192, 253, 303, 316, 318-319, 323, 327, 341, 343, 346, 421

Southern, 147, 307, 430

Rocky Mountains, The, 50, 57, 65

Rogers, Harrison G., 193-195, 201-203, 205-206, 209-210, 244, 249-250, 252, 262-268, 278, 341, 345, 412-413, 416

journal and daybook of, 193-195, 198, 201, 204, 207, 412, 415, 422, 431

Rose, Edward, 52-53, 67, 74-75, 80, 84, 86, 88-89, 319, 386, 395, 432

Rosebud River, Mont., 314

Ross, Alexander, 118, 125-130, 133-135, 137, 143, 147, 149, 186, 226-227, 396, 398, 403

Ruby Mountains, Nev., 182

Rum, see Liquor

Russians, 148, 206, 244, 256-257, 406