24 City, 11, 138–139, 146, 151–152, 154
A
Alienation, 144, 198, 202, 203, 204, 208, 211, 214, 217, 265, 266, 318, 340
Amamiya, Karin, 183, 184, 194, 195
Americanization, 25
Authoritarianism, 13, 98, 221, 261–262, 264, 266, 269, 275
B
Benjamin, Walter, 125, 130, 131, 146, 148, 155
Bourdieu, Pierre, 180, 193, 195, 299, 304, 337
Bourgeois, 3, 5, 9–10, 12, 32, 35, 59, 67, 69, 70, 79, 96, 128, 135, 160, 184, 197–202, 205, 206, 208, 210–215, 217, 219, 231, 232, 321; individualism 79, 197
Brown, Wendy, 279, 280, 290, 297–299, 303
bulletin boards, 64
Bush, George W., 32, 34, 54, 194, 213, 276; administration 24, 38, 60
C
Canclini, Néstor García, 99, 103, 107, 111–112
Capital, 1, 7–9, 14–15, 22, 23, 24, 30, 32–33, 38, 51, 52, 135, 139, 140, 143, 157, 161–162, 174, 176, 197, 198, 199, 204, 206, 218, 219, 221–123, 227, 232, 235, 239–241, 244, 246, 248, 255, 263, 281, 283, 287, 297, 312, 314, 315, 318, 319; accumulation, 2, 242; global, 3, 7, 135, 142, 154, 157, 200
Capitalism, 1–2, 4–6, 12, 14, 15, 19, 59, 63, 73, 80, 100, 113–114, 116, 126, 128, 129, 130, 165, 167, 176, 182, 184, 193, 198, 200, 201, 205, 213, 218, 219, 220, 221, 224, 230, 241, 261, 262, 263, 268, 270, 284, 337, 342; Confucian capitalism 222; free market, 2–3, 4, 8, 24, 38, 42, 96, 119, 137, 175, 176, 180, 211, 213, 219, 222, 230, 242, 243, 261, 263, 328, 329, 343
capitalistic monopoly, 8
Castro, Fidel, 79, 80, 84, 85, 88
Censorship, 21, 33, 40, 84, 85, 137, 177n, 243, 244, 245, 246, 252–255
Chaebols, 219, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232
Chávez, Hugo, 10, 113, 119, 120, 121, 123, 128
Chen, Kaige, 135, 137, 139, 162
China, viii, xii, 5, 10, 11, 13, 15, 50, 114, 135, 137–146, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 231, 239, 243–255, 256–259, 264, 275; Post-Mao China, 135–179; Post-Tiananmen China, 140
Chinese film industry, 159, 164, 165, 171, 176; reform, 135, 136, 140, 141, 142, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 174
Civil society, 4, 345; and new media, 29; in Marxist theory, 93, 101; in neoliberalism, 115, 280
Class, 2–3, 14, 71, 79, 102, 127, 143, 169, 183, 201, 205, 206, 211–212, 220, 221, 225, 289, 318, 320, 339; antagonisms, 7, 205, 213, 288–289; consciousness, 185, 241, 318; class differences, 208, 227, 261, 289; elite/upper classes, 73, 123, 232; middle classes, 14, 116, 121, 123–124, 126, 128, 197–199, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 208, 210, 217, 218, 219, 231, 233, 265, 282, 287, 289, 290, 292, 317; political/social, 59, 65, 72, 220, 223, 288; stratification, 220, 233, 287; super-rich class, (bu fao hu) 11; warfare, 185; working classes/marginalized classes, 6, 11 13, 15, 72, 95, 100, 102, 107, 110, 138, 160, 186, 217, 222, 223, 224, 228, 230, 232, 233, 269, 339, 341
Closed national system, 333
Commodity, 3, 7, 12, 15, 57n, 198, 200, 211, 212, 224, 240, 284, 316, 342
com-modified nostalgia, 11
Communism, 86, 93; Communist bloc 79
Consumption, 5, 22, 62, 101, 103, 104, 107, 124, 143, 157, 231, 310, 342
Costuming 63, 64, 123, 184, 208, 210; in film, 227
Crime, 73, 145, 181, 202, 208, 227, 252, 253, 309, 313, 315, 320
Cuba, 79, 80, 82, 84–93, 128; Cinema, 4, 9, 79, 80–85, 87–93 cultural exceptionalism, 335, 343
Curtin, Michael, 240
D
Democracy, 3, 10, 27, 93, 98, 100, 116, 121, 262, 269; liberal democracy, 3, 137
Deregulation, 1, 2, 4, 8, 21, 39, 42, 43, 44, 100, 180, 182, 241–242, 262, 264, 281
Dev. D, 12, 199, 202, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212
Dexter, 8, 59, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73
Dialectical image, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 229, 230
Diversity, 60, 67, 68, 71, 72, 83, 159, 160, 161, 163, 253, 328, 331, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337
Documentary, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 86, 89, 95, 99, 101, 105, 106, 108, 109, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 138, 144–147, 150, 152, 153, 154, 187, 190, 192, 208, 310, 319, 328, 342
Dumont, Bruno, 339
E
Engels, Friedrich, 15
Eisenstein, Sergéi, 6, 101, 125, 184
F
Faludi, Susan, 60
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 40, 41, 42, 43, 54
Feminism, 59, 60–63, 65, 68, 70, 73, 101, 102; feminist theory, 64
Feng Xiaoning, 11, 158, 159, 162, 167, 168, 171–175
Fetish, 8, 88, 135, 136, 166, 316
Film/media industries, 4, 157–179, 239–260; Horizontal and Vertical integration in, 8, 48; US media industries, 19–58
Frank, Andre Gunder, 200
Freeter, 11, 180, 181, 187, 190, 193
Freud, Sigmund, 12, 198, 203, 206, 210–212
Friedman, Milton, 223
Fujimori, Alberto, 97
G
Gandy, Matthew, 317
Garcia, Roger, 283
Gender, 4, 9, 59, 61, 71, 101, 102, 157 205, 206; discrimination, 65, 67; formation, 8, 60, 62, 63, 69, 70, 73, 105, 106, 169, 172
Globalization, 4, 7, 12, 14, 22, 80, 108, 114, 116, 121, 137, 149, 157, 163, 175, 176, 180, 210, 233, 254, 310, 328, 336, 337, 338, 340, 342, 343
Governmentality, 23, 157, 162, 174, 279, 290
Gramsci, Antonio, 12, 54, 217, 218, 223, 224, 227, 229–233; neo Gramscian transparency, 60–60; notion of common sense, 65
Gran Torino, 31
Gregorio, 95, 99, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109
Grief Over the Yellow River, 11, 159–179
Grupo Ukamau, 97
Guevara, Che, 80, 81, 84, 86, 89, 127
H
Hashimoto, Ryutaro, 180
Hernández, Rafael, 92
Harvey, David, 2, 5, 10, 221, 262, 263
Hegemony, 9, 14, 82, 98, 99, 126, 150, 173, 175, 235, 264, 269, 337; hegemonic white patriarchy, 8
Hilmes, Michelle, 40
Hollywood, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 19, 21–29, 31, 32, 33, 39, 41, 42, 45, 79, 80–83, 86, 103, 118, 122, 125, 126, 139, 143, 199; blockbuster, 19–37; counter-model, 328–346 impact on global cinema, 159, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 170, 176, 221, 248, 254, 280, 282, 310, 319, 320, 321, 328, 330, 332, 334, 337, 342
I
IMF, 13, 220, 222, 227, 228, 231, 232, 281; structural adjustment, 158, 219, 239, 240, 245
Ideology, 3, 5, 21, 26, 30, 33, 38, 54, 73, 74, 93, 98, 99, 100, 117, 122, 128, 135, 142, 157–159, 167, 168, 175, 182, 186, 234, 243
Images Mouvementées, 342
Imperialism, 21, 28, 80, 82, 101, 116
Intellectual property, 8, 24, 30, 239
J
Jameson, Fredric, 219
Jeturian, Jeffery, 13, 14, 279–305
Jeon, Joseph Jonghyun, 222
Juliana, 95, 101, 103–106, 109
K
Kani kōsen/The Crab Cannery Ship, 11, 183–184, 188, 192
Kaspar, Stefan, 97
Kahn, Louis, 235
Kleinhans, Chuck, 100–102, 112
Kubrador /The Bet Collector, 13, 291–299
Keynesian, 38, 39, 53; possibility of intervention against neoliberalism, 26, 39; reforms, 21, 182, 241
Kirk, James, 60–62, 65, 66, 67, 72, 73
L
Labor, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10–15, 22, 60, 72, 138, 139, 143–44, 146, 152, 154, 162, 166, 180–83, 190, 193, 200, 209, 217–235, 240, 244, 246, 247, 249, 255, 268, 284, 287, 290, 294, 337–338; laws/regulations, 181, 186, 187–89, 218, 219, 222; unions, 24, 150, 183, 222, 250
Lacan, Jacques, 91
Larkin, Brian, 314
Laissez-les grandir ici/Let Them Grow Up Here, 340
Leitmotif, 11, 59, 138, 158–169, 172–176, 253
Listen To Venezuela, 10, 113, 118, 126, 130
Lost decade, 181
Lukacs, George, 284
Lumpen, 12, 200, 213; masculinity, 199, 201; proletariat, 199; sub-jectivities, 5, 198
M
Mainlandization, 245; and cultural identity, 253; impact on labor and production, 248–249; implications of, 245, 252; process, 247; and Hollywoodization, 248; or Hongkongization, 251–252; of Asian media culture, 248–249
Mao Zedong; com-modified nostalgia for, 11; Mao zedong he tade erzi/Mao Zedong and His Son, dir. Zhang Jinbiao, 166; Militant Maoist revolutionary group, Sendero Luminoso, 96; Leitmotif as Post-Mao propaganda, 167; Post-Mao China, 135, 136, 137
Martín-Barbero, Jesús, 97, 100, 101, 104, 110, 111, 112
Marx, Karl, 16, 216, 238, 197, 215, 216, 236, 238; concept of alienation, 198; Eighteenth Brumaire, 192, 195; and labor, 224; and lumpen development, 200, 211; relevance today, 15, 16; structural critique, 200
Marxism; Cultural Critique, 4; film collectives, 5; theory, 2, 221; Marxist-feminism, 12; Marxist/ Godardian, 22; Leninism, 221; Maoism, 96; movements, 79; orthodox, 92, 115
Masculinity, 8; bourgeois, 69, 201; and Gramschian analysis, 60; internal contradictions of, 73; and feminism, 62, 65; and Kirk, 61; lumpen, 199, 201, 213; neoliberal, 59, 60, 268, 269; and out-sourcing, 277; pressures of, 73; white, 8, 9, 69
Matsumoto, Hajime 190, 194, 195
McRobbie, Angela, 60, 63, 74, 75
McChesney, Robert W., 55, 57, 269, 276, 277
Media conglomerate, 39, 44, 48, 242, 282; transindustrial media conglomerate, 39, 43, 44; U.S. based, 330; transectoral, 52, neoliberal legacy, 54
Melodrama 65, 73, 169; popular appeal in China, 138; Nolly-wood, 315, 316, 320, 321
Migration 95, 97, 98, 104, 152, 257, 266, 338; representation of, 340, 341
Merger; chaebols, 222; Comcast, 54; Telecommunications Act, 43
Microcines, 10, 96, 106, 107, 111, 112; and local organizers, 108; development of, 109
Modernism, 125, 135, 136, 137, 140, 148, 149
Modernity, 176, 203; African urban, 317, 321, 325, 326, 327; bourgeois, 205; Chinese socialist, 141; Korean capitalist, 221; and the occult, 322, 324; as post-socialist allegory, 169; and post-colonial theory, 204; women as Other, 203, 214
Morgan, Jamie, 281
Morgan, Debra, 70
Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI), 336, 337, 338, 339, 340
Murdoch, Rupert, 44
N
Neoliberalism, 200; architectures of, 220, 233, 234; attitudes of, 220, 230–31, American-style, 171; and authoritarianism, 261; confusion about, 3; contradictions of, 14, 15, 19; culture of, 5, 115, 157; 172; definition of, 1, 2, 9, 21, 157; as exception, 162; gender contradictions, 59, 61, 73, 157; and feminism, 60, 63, 65; ideology 228; legacy of, 38, 54; neoliberal rationality, 232, 264, 279, 280; origin of term, 2–5; neoliberal individualism, 11, 12, 63, 197, 211; post-socialist, 176; resistance to, 95, 113, 115, 130, 182, 193, 337, 338, 341; self-discipline, 22, 221; and state, 38, 39, 158, 241, 262; with Chinese characteristics, 243
Nationalism, 13; Chinese, 166, 174; in historical epics, 172; Hollywood and U.S., 23, 27; and Indian bourgeois modernity, 205
Nichelle Nichols, 63
Nnebue, Kenneth, 312, 324, 325
Nollywood, 14, 310; aesthetics, 316; and Lagos, 311 314; origin of the term, 310
Nostalgia, 262; and escape, 266; com-modified, 11; for post World War Japan, 186
O
Occult; as theorized by Comaroff and Comaroff, 2; in Nollywood, 321, 322
Oil 32, 51; Lagos oil boom, 318, 319, 321; Venezuelan economy, 119, 128
Okome, Onookome, 314, 323, 326, 327
Oldboy, 12, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 231, 232, 233, 237, 238
P
Park Chan-Wook, 5, 12, 217, 218, 220, 223, 225
Pavón, Luis, 92
Patriarchy, 10, 206, 212; bourgeois, 198; white; 8, 59, 60, 62
Pentagon, 4, 23, 28, 29, 37, 25, 27
Pfaff, Francoise, 317, 318, 323,324, 327
Pila Balde /Fetch a Pail of Water, 13, 14, 279–292, 298–303
Political economy, 4, 6, 12, 14, 56, 71, 179, 237–237, 260; critique of, 220, 221; of cinema, 333; of neoliberalism, 1, 191, 200; of Star Trek, 71, 72
Postmodernity 35, 178, 223, 237, 260
Precariat 183–184, 86, 194–195
Privatization, 2, 21, 29, 69, 95, 106, 149, 151, 193, 219, 259; in China, 175; of public space, 187
Propaganda, 3, 23, 25–26, 28, 79, 81, 83–85, 113, 143, 158, 161, 168, 174, 175, 177, 318
Psychoanalysis; bourgeois as classic subject of, 202; and post-feminism, 64
Publics, 32, public sphere, 4, 9–10, 14, 60, 80, 85, 91–92, 113, 230, 280, 317; Western, 114
R
Rancière, Jacques, 191–192, 195–196, 337
S
Saludos Amigos, 26
Sanjinés, Jorge , 97
Seoul, 217, 220, 223, 224, 225, 227, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234
Simón Bolívar, 26
Singh, Randhir, 15–16, 200–201, 213, 216
Smith, Adam, 19
Soap operas, 316
Socialism, 2, 15–16, 92, 216; Market socialism, 11, 152, 167, 178; state socialism, 340
Social Movements, 4, 114–116, 130–131, 227; women and, 98; weakened by capitalism, 227
Solanas, Fernando, 131
Space; cinema and 6, 165, 230, 292, 317; and class, 289; cyberspace, 9, 93; global, 6, 13; public and private, 4, 117, 313; public spaces, 10–11, 106, 152, 180, 182, 187, 191–193, 201, 234, 343
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 192, 195–196,
Star Trek XI, 8, 59–62, 66–68, 71–75; Franchise, 29, 48, 56
Subjectivity, 12, 35, 136, 146; bourgeois, 198, 206, 211; entrepreneurial, 299
Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance, 12, 217–219, 223–231, 238
Synergy, 8, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 176, 230
Surveillance, 88, 182, 187, 191, 233, 258
T
Taro Aso, 186
Takiji Kobayashi, 183
Technology, 27–28, 36, 51–52, 55, 265, 276, 302; new media technologies, 40, 88, 312; Digital technologies, 106–107, 145–146, 148, 194; of simulation, 28–29, 36
Television, 6, 9, 10, 19, 22–24, 27, 29, 30, 127, 321, 333; Cuban, 80–81, 84, 89–94; Industries, 39–46, 48–50, 53, 55–60, 240, 250, 252, 258; Nigerian video and, 316, 320, 327; Peruvian, 95, 102, 107; Philippine television, 282; Star Trek series 68, 71, 74; Vive TV, 121; privatization of, 329
Thatcher, Margaret, 2, 65, 75, 263
The Three Caballeros, 26
Tiananmen, 135, 137, 140, 145, 164, 176
Third cinema, 4, 9–10, 126, 128, 131–132
U
Underdevelopment, 12, 200; accelerated, 9, 82; Socialist Underdevelopment, 137
Uhura, Nyota, 60–65, 67, 72, 74
Urban/Urbanism, 95, 98, 102, 104, 105, 128, 138, 141, 145, 146, 152, 203, 281, 309, 317; apocalypse, 309; culture, 59, 314; demolition, 139; migration, 97, 146, 158, 287, 289; renewal, 12, 233, 243, 310; space, 97, 142, 220, 232, 233, 234, 235; underground, 80
V
W
Saro-Wiwa, Ken, 320
world cinema, 6, 135, 138, 332, 334
World Trade Organization, 165, 218, 239, 243
X
Xie Jin, 165
Y
Z
Zhang Yimou, 135,137, 139, 150, 162, 176, 251, 258
Žižek, Slavoj, 91