In an effort to help a child overcome a fear of cats, a therapist pairs a trigger stimulus (something associated with cats) with a new stimulus (for example, an appealing snack or toy) that causes an emotional response that is incompatible with fear. Which clinical orientation is this therapist using?
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Biomedical
Client-centered
Humanistic
Which of the following is a similarity between humanistic and psychoanalytic therapies?
Both approaches focus on the present more than the past.
Both approaches are more concerned with conscious than with unconscious feelings.
Both approaches focus on taking immediate responsibility for one’s feelings.
Both approaches focus on personal growth instead of curing illness.
Both approaches are generally considered insight therapies.
Lea, a client with depression, has been visiting a therapist for several months. During each session, she is challenged on her irrational thinking. The therapist is likely using Albert Ellis’ version of
rational-emotive behavioral therapy.
aversive conditioning.
insight therapy.
client-centered therapy.
rTMS.
Some patients whose depression resists drugs have benefited from which experimental treatment?
Transference
Meta-analysis
Antipsychotic drugs
Deep-brain stimulation
Resistance
Carlos has been prescribed an SSRI to treat his illness. This type of drug is classified as a(n)
antidepressant.
antipsychotic.
antianxiety.
mood-stabilizer.
bipolar disorder drug.
Which of the following is seen as an effective treatment for severe depression that does not respond to drug therapy?
Lobotomy
Token economy
ECT
Classical conditioning
EMDR therapy
Echoing, restating, and seeking clarification of what a person expresses (verbally or nonverbally) in a therapy session is called
active listening.
virtual reality exposure therapy.
systematic desensitization.
family therapy.
classical conditioning.
Challenging people’s automatic negative thoughts is a key characteristic of the therapy developed by
Sigmund Freud.
B. F. Skinner.
Aaron Beck.
Gordon Allport.
Carl Rogers.
In which kind of therapy would the therapist be most likely to note the following during a session: “Blocks in the flow of free associations indicate resistance”?
Cognitive therapy
Psychoanalysis
Client-centered therapy
Behavioral therapy
Person-centered therapy
Therapists who encourage their clients to change their thoughts and their actions are engaging in
aversive conditioning.
psychodynamic therapy.
client-centered therapy.
family therapy.
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Allowing people to discover, in a social context, that others have problems similar to their own is a unique benefit of
psychodynamic therapy.
psychopharmacological therapy.
humanistic therapy.
cognitive therapy.
group therapy.
Which of the following therapeutic approaches is scientifically supported?
Recovered-memory therapies
Rebirthing therapies
Cognitive therapy
Energy therapies
Facilitated communication therapy
Most antipsychotic drugs mimic a certain neurotransmitter by blocking its activity at the receptor sites. These drugs affect the neurotransmitter
adrenaline.
epinephrine.
serotonin.
dopamine.
acetylcholine.
Which of the following is not recommended by therapists as a way to help prevent or get over depression?
Recovered-memory therapies
Aerobic exercise
Light exposure
Increased social connections
Anti-rumination strategies
A psychotherapist states, “Getting people to change what they say to themselves is an effective way to change their thinking.” This statement best exemplifies which kind of therapeutic approach?
Behavioral
Psychodynamic
Biomedical
Cognitive
Active listening
Treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder could include
antianxiety drugs.
antidepressant drugs.
lithium.
a & b only
b & c only
Colten visits a therapist for his depression. In addition to talking to Colten about his problems, the therapist also prescribes medication. This therapist is most likely to be a
psychiatrist.
clinical psychologist.
social worker.
clinical social worker.
counselor.
After overcoming severe anxiety and dealing with some physical health issues, Grace finds herself having a greater appreciation for life and a sense of increased personal strength. Her psychotherapist identifies this as
transference.
resistance.
posttraumatic growth.
humanism.
behavior modification.
When used in conjunction with antidepressant drugs, _____ is especially effective in the treatment of depression.
psychosurgery
behavior modification therapy
cognitive-behavioral therapy
client-centered therapy
insight therapy
Therapists who help people understand their current symptoms by focusing on important relationships, including childhood experiences and the therapist-client relationship, are most likely to be considered
biomedical therapists.
psychoanalytic therapists.
humanistic therapists.
psychodynamic therapists.
exposure therapists.
Free-Response Questions
For each of the following pairs, first define the treatment referenced. Then explain the rationale for using that treatment for an individual with the disorder indicated.
Bipolar disorder and drug therapy
Phobias and systematic desensitization
Dissociative identity disorder and psychoanalysis
Addiction and group therapy
Depression and rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
(5 points)
Max wants to stop smoking but is unable to do so on his own. How would a therapist from each of the following approaches attempt to help him stop smoking?