INDEX

A

Adena culture, 71–73

agriculture/farming, 10, 11–13, 18, 21, 22–23, 25–27, 33, 38–41, 49, 51, 52–53, 58, 60, 62, 65, 66, 68–69, 71, 73, 74, 75, 77

Americas, origins of early civilizations in the, 10–20

Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) culture, 60–66, 67, 68, 70

Archaic cultures, 11, 16–20, 21, 60, 71

end of period, 20

innovations of, 17–18

astronomy, 30–31, 43

Avenue of the Dead, 34–36

Aztec, the, 21, 38–46

agriculture, 38–39

intellectual achievements, 43–44

religion, 44–46

settlements, 39–41

society, 42–43

Spanish conquest of, 46

technology and arts, 41–42

C

Chimú kingdom, 47, 49–51

cliff dwellings, 64–65

Clovis culture, 14–15

pre-Clovis cultures, 16

Cochise culture, 20, 62

“colossal heads” of Olmec, 23

Cortez, Hernando, 46

Cuzco, 53, 55, 57

F

Folsom culture, 14, 15–16

H

Hohokam culture, 62, 68–71

Hopewell culture, 71, 73–75

human sacrifice, 30, 31–32, 33, 37, 43, 46, 59

I

Inca, the, 47, 51–59

accounting, 58

agriculture, 52–53

religion, 57–59

settlements, 53–55

society, 57

Spanish conquest of, 47, 59

technology and arts, 55–56

M

Machu Picchu, 55

mathematics, 30–31

Maya, the, 21, 24–33, 36–37, 70

agriculture, 25–27

decline, 32–33

intellectual achievements, 30–31

religion, 31–32

settlements, 27–28

society, 29–30

technology and arts, 28–29

Middle America, civilizations of, 12–13, 21–46

Mississippian culture, 71, 75–76

Mogollon culture, 62, 66–68

Montezuma II, 40, 46

mound building, 73, 75, 76

N

Northern America, prehistoric farming cultures of, 13, 60–77

in East, 71–76

in the Plains, 77

in Southwest, 60–71

O

Old Copper culture, 20

Olmec, the, 21–24

P

Paleo-Indians, 12, 13–16, 17, 18

Pizarro, Francisco, 59

Plains Woodland/Village peoples, 77

Pyramid of the Sun, 34–35

Q

Quetzalcóatl, 36, 37

R

religion, 30, 31–32, 33, 37, 43–46, 57–59, 76, 77

S

San Lorenzo, 21, 22, 23, 24

South America, civilizations of, 12, 47–59

Spanish, the

conquest of Aztec, 24, 32, 46

conquest of Inca, 47, 51, 59

T

Tenochtitlán, 38, 40, 41, 43, 46

Teotihuacán, 21, 24, 33–36

Tiwanaku kingdom, 47–49, 50

Toltec, the, 21, 36–38

tools, ancient, 14–16, 18, 20, 41, 55–56, 73, 74

Topiltzin, 36

Tula, 36, 37, 38

W

writing systems, 24–25, 31, 44, 51, 58