Illustrations

PART I: A Day like No Other

Chapter 1: “Those Monsters in Human Form”

here, here: Elizabeth Jennings: Courtesy of Kansas State Historical Society.

here: The black middle class: Wood engraving by Theodore R. Davis. Published in Harper’s Weekly, February 6, 1869. Courtesy of Library of Congress.

here: A drawing of New-York (Manhattan) and at right, Brooklyn: John Bachmann (active 1849– 1885)/Museum of the City of New York.

here: Crowded and filthy street in Five Points: Robert N. Dennis Collection of Stereoscopic Views, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.

here: Five Points 1827, “Intersection of Cross, Anthony and Orange Streets”: From Valentine’s Manual, 1885, page 112, image 35910 (same as image 44668) New-York Historical Society.

here: Tish-Co-Han, a chief of the Lenni-Lenape people: Lithograph circa 1837 by John T. Bowen. Courtesy of Library of Congress.

Chapter 2: Stray Dogs and Pickpockets

here: Both photos from the Lonto/Watson Collection, 1885, Central Crosstown Railroad Cars, 7th Avenue, Manhattan, New York. Courtesy of New York Transit Museum.

here: An advertisement for omnibuses: “All kinds of omnibuses manufactured by John Stephenson, New-York”; wood engraving, advertisement: Business Encyclopaedia & Commercial Directory. New York, Emerson, Alvord & Co., 185-?, p. 157; from the Bella C. Landauer Collection scrapbook, image 49100, New-York Historical Society.

here: A horse-drawn streetcar in New York: Photograph by D. Hill, 42nd Street, north side, between 5th and 6th Aves., 1889; from the Geographic File (PR020), box 32, folder: W. 42nd Street—Fifth toward Sixth Avenue, New-York Historical Society.

here: (top) Corner of Pearl and Chatham Streets (now the corner of Pearl Street and Park Row) in 1861: Museum of the City of New York.

here: (bottom) Midsummer in Five Points: Art & Picture Collection, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.

here: “Pork Lively,” 1859: Picture Collection, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.

here: A drawing of Five Points in 1859: From D.T. Valentine’s Manual, 1860 folder, image 74639, New-York Historical Society.

here: Slave Market on Wall Street: Art & Picture Collection, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.

Chapter 3: A City Divided by Race

here: Black chimney sweeps in New York: Photograph taken in 1860s by Charles D. Fredricks. Courtesy of Library of Congress.

here: Street map of Manhattan in 1856: Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division, The New York Public Library. “Map of the City of New York, 1856 / engrd. for D.T. Valentine’s Manual 1856 by G. Hayward, 120 Water St., N.Y.” New York Public Library Digital Collections

Chapter 4: “I Screamed Murder with All My Voice”

here: Elizabeth Jennings as a young woman. Painting by Cozbi Cabrera.

Chapter 6: An Admired Family

here: Frederick Douglass, 1880: Photo by Mathew B. Brady. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Museum Purchase, 2005.

here: The Colored American, September 23, 1837.

here: The North Star, published by Frederick Douglass.

here: Frederick Douglass’ Paper, Sept. 22, 1854.

here: New York African Free School: penmanship with drawing of the exterior of the school; reads “The New York African Free School, erected in the year 1815 . . .”; Manuscripts Penmanship & Drawing Book, AFS, 1822, Vol. 4, page 6; c.t. #78742.6, image 59134, New-York Historical Society.

here: A classroom in a school for black children: Colored Orphan Asylum, Good Friday, 1861, interior School Room No. 2, stereo, image 59133, New-York Historical Society.

Chapter 7: A “Shameful” and “Loathsome” Issue

here: New-York Daily Tribune, July 19, 1854.

here: The Liberator, May 7, 1831.

here: New-York Daily Tribune, September 7, 1850.

here: New-York Daily Tribune, September 16, 1850.

here: William Lloyd Garrison: Photographs and Prints Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.

here: Horace Greeley: Print Collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.

Chapter 8: A Future U.S. President

here: Chester Arthur in a photograph taken in about 1858: Sixth-plate daguerreotype, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.

here: Capture of a black female fugitive in New York: Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.

Chapter 9: Elizabeth Jennings v. Third Avenue Railroad Company

here: Brooklyn City Hall (now Borough Hall): Brooklyn Public Library—Brooklyn Collection.

here: Crossing from Brooklyn to New-York (Manhattan) across the frozen East River: Brooklyn Public Library—Brooklyn Collection.

Chapter 10: The Jury’s Decision

here: A lawyer makes his case: Courtesy of Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida.

here: Some of the newspapers that published the jury’s decision. The Anti-Slavery Bugle in Ohio (where editors changed “coloured” to “colored”) was one of several newspapers which reprinted the story from the National Anti-Slavery Standard.

here: Newspaper coverage of the jury’s decision: The Anti-Slavery Bugle, March 10, 1855, reprinted from the National Anti-Slavery Standard, March 3, 1855; Frederick Douglass’ Paper, March 2, 1855; and The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Feb. 23, 1855. Opposite page, New-York Daily Tribune, Feb. 23, 1855, reprinted in The Pacific Appeal, May 16, 1863.

PART II: A Forgotten Hero

Chapter 11: An Uncanny Similarity to Rosa Parks

here: Rosa Parks on a bus: Getty Images, Underwood Archives/Contributor.

here: New-York Daily Tribune, July 18 and 19, 1854.

Chapter 12: What Happened to Elizabeth Jennings?

here: Burning of the Colored Orphan Asylum during the Draft Riots of 1863: p.12 from “From Cherry Streets to Green Pastures . . .”, MSS- Papers of the Association for the Benefit of Colored Orphans, image 74634, New-York Historical Society.

here: Freedman’s Bank record: National Archives.

Chapter 13: How a Creepy Old House Led to the Writing of this Book

here: House belonging to Chester Arthur in Ossining, New York: Courtesy of the Ossining Historical Society Museum.

Chapter 14: Retracing Her Footsteps

here: Street sign, Elizabeth Jennings Place: Courtesy of Miriam Sicherman and Michael Rose.

Postscript: Chester A. Arthur: Tragedy Leads to Presidency

here: Chester Arthur being sworn in as President of the United States at his house in Manhattan: Print Collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.

here: A portrait of Chester Arthur: Portrait painted by Ernest L. Ipsen. Print Collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.