INTRODUCTION
1. Nathaniel Popper, “Ikea’s U.S. Factory Churns Out Unhappy Workers,” Seattle Times, April 12, 2011.
2. Michael I. Norton and Dan Ariely, “Building a Better America—One Wealth Quintile at at a Time,” Perspectives on Psychological Science 6 (2011): 9–12.
1: THE GROSSEST DOMESTIC PRODUCT
1. Quoted in David Jolly, “G.D.P. Seen as Inadequate Measure of Economic Health,” New York Times, September 14, 2009.
2. Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica C. Smith, “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009,” U.S. Census Bureau, September 2010, p. 33, http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf.
3. James E. Hanson, “The Need for an International Moratorium on Coal Power,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, January 21, 2008.
4. Bureau of Economics Analysis Web site, mission page, http://www.bea.gov/about/mission.htm, accessed on September 15, 2010.
5. David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945, p. 11.
6. Simon Kuznets, “National Income, 1929–1932: Letter from the Acting Secretary of Commerce Transmitting in Response to Senate Resolution No. 220 (72D CONG.). A Report on National Income, 1929–1932,” 73rd U.S. Congress, 2d session, Senate document no. 124 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1934), p. 7.
7. Robert Kennedy, “Remarks of Robert F. Kennedy at the University of Kansas, March 18, 1968,” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum Web site, http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/
Archives/Reference+Desk/Speeches/RFK/RFKSpeech68Mar18UKansas.htm, accessed on September 16, 2010.
8. Carrie Holba, “Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Facts, Links and Unique Resources at ARLIS,” Alaska Resources Library and Information, Anchorage, AK, June 2010; and John Harper, Ann Godon, and Alan A. Allen, “Costs Associated with the Cleanup of Marine Oil Spills,” Coastal & Ocean Resources, British Columbia, Canada, 1994.
9. Matt DeLisi, “ISU Team Calculates Societal Costs of Five Major Crimes; Finds Murder at $17.25 Million,” http://www.news.iastate.edu/news/2010/sep/costofcrime, accessed on March 14, 2010.
10. Federal Trade Commission, “FTC Releases Reports on Cigarette and Smokeless Tobacco Sales and Marketing Expenditures,” http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2009/08/tobacco.shtm, accessed on March 24, 2011.
11. National Cancer Institute, “Cancer Trends Progress Report: 2009/2010 Update,” figure LCO2, Estimates of National Expenditures for Cancer Care in 2006, National Cancer Institute Web site, http://progressreport.cancer.gov/doc_detail.asp?pid=1&did=2007&chid=75&coid=726&mid, accessed on March 20, 2010.
12. Stephanie Coontz, “Separate Peace,” Wall Street Journal, June 6, 2008.
13. Credit.com, “Consumers Paying More to File Bankruptcy,” http://www.credit.com/news/credit-debt/2010-08-31/consumers-paying-more-to-file-for-bankruptcy.html, posted on August 30, 2010, accessed on March 24, 2011.
14. Sara Murray, “Consumer Bankruptcies Trend Down,” Wall Street Journal, April 4, 2011.
15. Steve Goldstein, “AIG Reports Fourth-quarter Loss of over $61 Billion,” MarketWatch, Wall Street Journal, March 2, 2009, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/aig-reports-fourth-quarter-loss-over, accessed on August 14, 2010.
16. Michael G. Palumbo, and Jonathan A. Parker, “The Integrated and Real Systems of National Accounts for the United States: Does It Presage the Financial Crisis?” Bureau of Economic Analysis Web site, http://www.bea.gov/about/pdf/PalumboParke_2009.pdf, accessed on March 12, 2010.
17. Michael Janofsky, “Million Years of Safety Are Sought for A-Waste,” New York Times, August 10, 2005.
18. Jonathan Rowe, “Our Phony Economy,” Harper’s, June 2008.
19. World Bank, “Saving Species and Ecosystems Through Greener Economic Planning,” http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:22743902~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html, accessed on March 22, 2011.
20. Jolly, “G.D.P. Seen as Inadequate Measure of Economic Health.”
21. Joseph Stiglitz, Amartya Sen, and J. Fitoussi, “The Measurement of Economic Performance Revisited: Reflections and Overview,” Commission on the Measure of Economic Performance and Social Progress, 2010.
22. Ibid., p. 9.
23. Ibid., p. 7.
24. Jonathan Rowe, “Looking Backward: Economics and the Cult of Yesterday,” Yes! Magazine, December 2009.
25. Stiglitz, Sen, and Fitoussi, “The Measurement of Economic Performance Revisited.”
26. Christopher Hoening, “Working Toward a Key National Indicator System,” http://www.stateoftheusa.org, accessed on August 14, 2010.
1. Char Miller, Gifford Pinchot and the Making of Modern Environmentalism, p. 155
2. Ibid.
3. Derek Bok, The Politics of Happiness, p. 1.
4. Karma Ura, speech, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, November 18, 2009.
5. Karma Tshiteem, speech, Seattle Green Festival, June 2010.
6. Kuenga Tshering, interview with David K. Batker, March 31, 2011.
7. Bok, Politics of Happiness, p. 5.
8. Ibid., p. 63.
9. Richard Layard, Happiness, p. 55.
10. Lauren Sherman, “World’s Happiest Places,” Forbes.com, May 5, 2009.
11. Ibid.
12. John Helliwell, interview with John de Graaf, August 2009.
13. Line Kikkenborg Christensen, interview with John de Graaf, June 2010.
14. Jennifer Lail, interview with John de Graaf, August 2009.
15. John Helliwell, interview with John de Graaf, August 2009.
16. Bok, Politics of Happiness, p. 28.
17. Tim Kasser, interview with John de Graaf, April 2009.
18. Karma Tshiteem, speech to Seattle EPA, June 7, 2010.
19. Michael Pennock, interview with John de Graaf at Vancouver Island Health Authority, April 2010.
20. Susan Andrews, speech, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, November 2009.
21. See http://www.sustainableseattle.org.
22. Bok, Politics of Happiness, p. 26.
23. John Graham, “Baseball and the Anger of America,” Huffington Post, August 12, 2010.
24. Bok, Politics of Happiness, p. 134.
25. Charles Barber, Comfortably Numb: How Psychiatry is Medicating a Nation.
26. See http://gnhusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/bernanke20100508a.pdf.
27. Arthur Brooks, Gross National Happiness.
28. Bruce Bartlett, “Liberaltarians,” Forbes.com, May 29, 2009.
29. Arthur Brooks, The Battle, p. 88.
30. The sources for the polls are as follows: vacation poll, Opinion Research Corporation, June 23, 2008; paid family leave poll, Family-Friendly Policies: What the Federal Government Can Do, March 3, 2009, testimony of Eileen Appelbaum, Center for Economic and Policy Research; sick days poll, Paid Sick Days: A Basic Labor Standard for the 21st Century Prepared by Dr. Tom W. Smith at the National Opinion Research Center.
31. Arthur Brooks, Gross National Happiness, p. 201.
32. Bill McKibben, Deep Economy (New York: Henry Holt, 2008), p. 105.
1. Manfred A. Max-Neef, Human Scale Development: Conception, Application and Further Reflections.
2. Ibid., p. 32.
3. Abraham H. Maslow, “A Theory of Human Motivation,” Psychological Review 50 (1943): 370–96.
4. Amanda W. Vemuri and Robert Costanza, “The Role of Human, Social, Built and Natural Capital in Explaining Life Satisfaction at the Country Level: Toward a National Well-Being Index (NWI),” Ecological Economics 58, issue 10 (June 2006): 119–33.
5. Herman E. Daly and Joshua Farley, Ecological Economics (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2004), p. 107.
6. United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization, The State of Food Insecurity in the World: Addressing Food Insecurity in Protracted Crises, p. 4.
7. Franco Sassi, Obesity and the Economics of Prevention: Fit not Fat (Paris: OECD, 2010), p. 60.
8. U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (ERS), “Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System,” http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FoodConsumption, accessed on August 21, 2010.
9. Ibid.
10. All data at http://www.michaelpollan.com.
11. Mary Duenwald, “An Appetite Killer for a Killer Appetite? Not Yet,” New York Times, April 19, 2005.
12. Amy Goldstein, “America’s Economic Pain Brings Hunger Pangs: USDA Report on Access to Food ‘Unsettling,’ Obama Says,” Washington Post, November 17, 2009.
13. Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, The Spirit Level, p. 25.
14. Ibid.
15. Michael Ableman, interview with John de Graaf, November 1999.
16. Benjamin Somers, “News: Antibiotic Use in Agriculture Is Helping Drive Antibiotic Resistance in Humans, Experts Say,” the American Association for the Advancement of Science, March 13, 2009, http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2009/0313antibiotic.shtml, accessed on April 6, 2011.
17. U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Service, “Sugar and Sweeteners Yearbook: Tables Excel Spreadsheets,” table 27, Use of Field Corn, by Crop Year, http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Sugar/Data.htm, accessed March 9, 2011.
18. David Pimentel, Alison Marklein, Megan A. Toth, Marissa N. Karpoff, Gillian S. Paul, Robert McCormack, Joanna Kyriazis, and Tim Krueger, “Food Versus Biofuels: Environmental and Economic Costs,” Human Ecology 37, no. 1 (January 29, 2009): 1–12.
19. Douglas McIntyre, “The 10 Worst Real Estate Markets in the U.S.,” Daily Finance, July 31, 2010, http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/real-estate/the-10-worst-real-estate-markets-in-the-u-s-where-foreclosure/19573907/?icid=sphere_copyright, accessed on August 10, 2010.
20. Alex Kotlowitz, “All Boarded Up,” New York Times Magazine, March 4, 2009.
21. Paul Carlson, interview with John de Graaf, April 2010.
22. Many companies advertise bulk clothing sales. These prices came from the Web site of America’s Best Closeouts, http://www.abcloseouts.com/Used_Winter_Clothing.html, accessed on April 4, 2011.
23. Annie Leonard, The Story of Stuff, 45–51.
24. Ibid., 50.
25. Juliet Schor, Plenitude: The New Economics of True Wealth, p. 29.
1. Quoted in James Lardner and David Smith, Inequality Matters, p. 103.
2. Stephen Bezruchka, interview with John de Graaf, August 2010.
3. Andrew Sisko et al., “Health Care Projections Through 2018,” Health Affairs 2 (2009).
4. Stephen Bezruchka, interview with John de Graaf, August 2010.
5. T. R. Reid, The Healing of America, p. 9
6. World Health Organization, “Health Systems: Improving Performance,” June 21, 2000.
7. Country Comparison: Life Expectancy at Birth, CIA World Factbook, 2010.
8. “US Life Expectancy Lags Behind 41 Nations,” USA Today, August 11, 2007.
9. David Brown, “Life Expectancy Drops for Some US Women,” Washington Post, April 22, 2008.
10. Thandi Fletcher, “Adult Mortality Rate Figures Put Canada Ahead of US,” Vancouver Sun, April 30, 2010.
11. Lisa Girion, “Europe Healthier than US,” Los Angeles Times, October 2, 2007.
12. “New Study Finds 45,000 Deaths Annually Linked to Lack of Health Coverage,” Harvard Gazette, September 17, 2009.
13. Vicente Navarro, “The Inhuman State of US Health Care,” Monthly Review, September 2003.
14. Elizabeth Warren, “Sick and Broke,” Washington Post, February 9, 2005.
15. Stephen Bezruchka, speech, Olympia, Washington, August 2010.
16. “The Case for Paid Family Leave,” Newsweek, August 3, 2009.
17. Sharon Lerner, “Why Unpaid Maternity Leave Isn’t Enough,” Washington Post, June 13, 2010.
18. Jody Heymann and Alison Earle, Raising the Global Floor.
19. “US, Britain Ranked Last in Child Welfare,” Associated Press, February 14, 2007.
20. Richard Knox, “Too Fat to Fight: Obesity Threatens Military Recruiting,” National Public Radio, April 20, 2010.
21. Sarah Speck, speech to National Vacation Matters Summit, August 2009.
22. Stephen Bezruchka, speech, Olympia, Washington, August 2010.
23. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/Main/index.aspx, accessed on January 1, 2011.
24. Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, The Spirit Level, p. 67.
25. Kristen Hallam, “Working Ten Hours or More a Day Raises Health Risks, Study Finds,” Bloomberg News, May 11, 2010.
26. Robert Putnam, “You Gotta Have Friends,” Time, June 25, 2006.
27. Joanne Silberner, “Study Finds English Are Healthier than Americans,” National Public Radio, May 3, 2006.
28. Rachel Sladja, “Ensign: Our Health System Is Way Better than Europe’s,” PTM Livewire, September 29, 2009.
29. Greg Kaufmann, “The Nation: Sick and Tired of No Sick Leave,” National Public Radio, October 8, 2010.
30. Steven Greenhouse, “Most Americans Support Paid Sick Leave, Poll Finds,” New York Times, June 22, 2010.
31. Christopher Ruhm, interview, http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2008/winter/pdf/interview.pdf, accessed April 10, 2011.
32. Stephen Bezruchka, “The Effect of Recessions on Population Health,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2009.
33. Ibid.
1. John Helliwell, interview with John de Graaf, August 2009.
2. “Bush Offers Up Ownership Society, “ Associated Press, February 2, ,2005.
3. http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2010/11/16/bush_you_can_spend_your_money_better_than_the_government.html, accessed April 10, 2011.
4. http://www.everychildmatters.org/homelandinsecurity/index.html.
5. Ailis Aaron Wolf, “ ‘Blue’ State Kids are Healthier,” Boston Edge, January 26, 2007.
6. Ibid.
7. Jacob Hacker, The Great Risk Shift, p. 1.
8. Ibid., p. 2.
9. Ibid., p. 8.
10. Ibid., p. 13.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., p. 14.
13. Ibid., p. 19.
14. Ibid., p. 27.
15. Ibid., p. 25.
16. See Steven Hill, Europe’s Promise; T. R. Reid, The United States of Europe; Jeremy Rifkin, The European Dream; Thomas Geoghegan, Were You Born on the Wrong Continent?
17. Jody Heymann and Alison Earle, Raising the Global Floor.
18. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexicurity, accessed April 20, 2011.
19. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minimum_wages_by_country, April 20, 2011.
20. Richard Layard, Happiness, p. 69.
21. Dean Baker, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dean-baker/unemployment-solution-pay_b_359008.html.
22. “The Ten Things the Government Could Do to Cut Unemployment In Half,”http://finance.yahoo.com/career-work/article/110572/
the-10-things-the-government-could-do-to-cut-unemployment-in-half, accessed April 20, 2011.
23. Nicole Woo, “Reducing Unemployment with Work-Sharing,” Center for Economic and Policy Research, August 20, 2010.
24. Hacker, The Great Risk Shift, p. 14.
25. Ibid., p. 126.
26. Ibid., p. 122.
27. Michael Pennock, interview with John de Graaf, October 5, 2010.
28. Steven Hill, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-hill/dont-cut-social-security_b_718988.html.
29. Wilkinson and Pickett, The Spirit Level, p. 135.
30. Fran Mainella, interview with John de Graaf, August 2010.
31. Wilkinson and Pickett, The Spirit Level, p. 149.
32. “Rough Justice in America,” Economist, July 22, 2010.
33. Homeland Insecurity, http://www.everychildmatters.org/homelandinsecurity/index.html, accessed April 20, 2011.
34. OECD Factbook, 2009, p. 249.
35. Boyce Watkins, “U.S. Prisons More Racist Than South Africa During Apartheid,” Black Spin, April 4, 2010.
36. “Rough Justice,” Economist.
37. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2064468,00.html.
38. Dwight David Eisenhower, http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/ike.htm.
39. David Beckmann, interview with John de Graaf, Bread for the World, June 2003.
1. “How Long Should a Man’s Vacation Be?” New York Times, July 31, 1910.
2. “Running Out of Time,” PBS documentary, September 1994.
3. Juliet Schor, The Overworked American, p. 29.
4. See John Robinson and Geoffrey Godbey, Time for Life: The Surprising Ways Americans Use Their Time.
5. For much of this history, see Benjamin Hunnicutt, Work Without End.
6. See Benjamin Hunnicutt, Kellogg’s Six-Hour Day.
7. William McGaughey, http://www.progressiverepublicans.org/debtdriven.html.
8. William McGaughey, http://www.shorterworkweek.com/swwhistory.html, accessed on April 22, 2011.
9. Ibid.
10. Schor, The Overworked American, p. 126.
11. Edward Prescott, http://www.minneapolisfed.org/publications_papers/pub_display.cfm?id=3346, accessed on April 20, 2011.
12. http://www.the9billion.com/2011/01/31/too-many-working-hours-at-the-expense-of-overall-happiness/, accessed on April 20, 2011.
13. Anders Hayden, Sharing the Work, Sparing the Planet, p. 50; see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassenaar_Agreement, accessed on April 20, 2011.
14. Quoted in Hayden, Sharing the Work, Sparing the Planet, p. 36.
15. Anders Hayden, “Europe’s Work-Time Alternatives,” in John de Graaf, Take Back Your Time, p. 206.
16. Anmarie Widener, Sharing the Caring, Ph.D. dissertation, Leiden University, Netherlands.
17. UNICEF, 2005, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7407245, accessed on April 20, 2011.
18. Annette van der Feltz, personal communication with John de Graaf, September 2010.
19. Time, March 14, 2011, p. 33.
20. Jon Messenger, Decent Working Time.
21. John de Graaf, “Shorter Work-Time as a Path to Sustainability,” Worldwatch, State of the World, 2010.
22. CEPR study, http://www.cepr.net/index.php/press-releases/press-releases/long-us-work-hours-are-bad-for-the-environment-study-shows, accessed on April 22, 2011.
23. Jörgen Larsson, http://jorgenlarsson.nu/wp-content/uploads/Would-shorter-work-hours-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions-100326.pdf.
24. Olga, phone conversation with John de Graaf.
25. Heymann and Earle, Raising the Global Floor, p. 106.
26. Opinion Research poll on vacation time, June 23, 2008.
27. Arnold Pallay, personal conversation with John de Graaf, August 2008.
28. Robin Pallay, personal conversation with John de Graaf, August 2008.
29. Donald Worster, A Passion for Nature, p. 227.
30. Heymann and Earle, Raising the Global Floor, pp. 23–70.
31. Leslie Perlow and Jessica Porter, “Making Time Off Predictable and Required,” Harvard Business Review, October 2009.
1. Michael Abramowitz and Lori Montgomery, “Bush Addresses Income Inequality,” Washington Post, February 1, 2007. For inequality figures see Pew mobility, p. 3, http://www.economicmobility.org/assets/pdfs/PEW_EMP_AMERICAN_DREAM.pdf, accessed on April 24, 2011.
2. John Hamilton, “What Tea Party Activists Should Really Be Upset About,” Seattle Times, March 10, 2011.
3. John Schmitt, “Inequality as Policy,” Center for Economic and Policy Research paper, 2009.
4. For full data, see http://sociology.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html.
5. Hamilton, “What Tea Party Activists should Really Be Upset About.”
6. http://www.brandeis.edu/legacyfund/bio.html, accessed on April 23, 2011.
7. Lardner and Smith, Inequality Matters, p. 36.
8. Ibid., p. 39.
9. Ibid., p. 21.
10. Joan Williams, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joan-williams/the-gender-pay-gap-grossl_b_687779.html, accessed on April 23, 2011.
11. http://www.economicmobility.org/assets/pdfs/EMP%20American%20Dream%20Report.pdf, accessed on April 23, 2011.
12. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/26/business/yourmoney/26every.html, accessed on April 23, 2011.
13. All Pietilä quotes are from YES! magazine, December 31, 2002, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/26/business/yourmoney/26every.html, accessed on April 23, 2011.
14. http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-competitiveness, accessed on April 23, 2011.
15. http://www.usatoday.com/money/perfi/taxes/2010-05-10-taxes_N.htm, accessed on April 23, 2011.
16. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/money/tax/article1996735.ece, accessed on April 23, 2011.
17. See David Cay Johnston, “The Great Tax Shift,” in Lardner and Smith, Inequality Matters, pp. 165–77.
18. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/general-electric-paid-federal-taxes-2010/story?id=13224558, accessed on April 23, 2011.
19. http://www.economicmobility.org/assets/pdfs/EMP%20American%20Dream%20Report.pdf, accessed on April 23, 2011.
1. Arthur Brooks, The Battle, p. 71.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid, p. 89.
4. Ibid, p. 75.
5. Ibid, p. 77.
6. http://ppc.uiowa.edu/uploaded/Forkenbrock/BalancedLives/Slides/Kasser.pdf, accessed on April 24, 2011.
7. Brooks, The Battle, p. 81.
8. See Steven Hill, Europe’s Promise.
9. Joan Blades and Kristin Rowe-Finkbeiner, The Motherhood Manifesto, p. 167.
10. http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2011/02/19/opinion/19blowch.html?ref=opinion, accessed on April 24, 2011.
11. Anya Kamenetz, DIY U, p. 50.
12. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/03/world/americas/03iht-03college.18352687.html, accessed on April 24, 2011.
13. http://completionagenda.collegeboard.org/, accessed on April 24, 2011.
14. Kamenetz, DIY U, p. 56.
15. Thomas Geoghegan, Were You Born on the Wrong Continent?
16. http://www.citizen.org/documents/Citizens-United-20110113.pdf, accessed on April 24, 2011.
17. http://www.well-beingindex.com/, accessed on April 24, 2011.
18. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-determination, accessed on April 24, 2011.
19. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2010-11.pdf, accessed on April 24, 2011.
20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondragon_Corporation, accessed on April 24, 2011.
21. http://triplecrisis.com/letter-from-flint-michigan/, accessed on April 24, 2011.
22. Dean Fortin, interview with John de Graaf, January 2011.
23. Lyle Grant, http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/bsi/article/viewFile/2789/2576.
9: THE LONGEST RUN: SUSTAINABILITY
1. U.S. Census Bureau, “World Population,” http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/popclockworld.html, accessed on September 18, 2010.
2. NOAA, 2009 State of the Climate Report.
3. United Nations Environment Program, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being, p. 3.
4. Ibid., p. 6–8. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization reports peak catch in 2000. However, this is based on over-reporting by China, as Daniel Pauly has shown. See Reg Watson and Daniel Pauly, “Systematic Distortions in World Fisheries Catch Trends,” Nature 414 (2001): 534–36.
5. U.S. Agency for International Development, The Global Water Crisis, http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/environment/water/water_crisis.html, accessed on November 24, 2010.
6. U.S. Department of Energy, International Energy Statistics, Total Oil Supply 1980–2010, http://www.eia.doe.gov, accessed on February 14, 2011.
7. United Nations Environment Program, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, p. 25.
8. Ibid., p. 32.
9. EPA, “Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer,” http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/, accessed on March 15, 2011.
10. United Nations Environment Program, Millennium Ecosystems Assessment, p. 4.
11. Kerry Emanuel, “Increasing Destructiveness of Tropical Cyclones over the Past Thirty Years,” Nature 436 (July 2005): 686–88.
12. Chemical Body Burden, http://www.chemicalbodyburden.org, accessed on March 22, 2011.
13. Ariana Eunjung Cha and Stephanie McCrummen, “Financial Meltdown Worsens Food Crisis,” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/25/AR2008102502293.html, accessed on November 24, 2010.
14. Global Footprint Network, “Living Planet Report,” 2010, http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/world_footprint/.
15. Ibid., accessed on March 27, 2011.
16. National Academy of Sciences, http://www.nationalacademies.org/includes/StabilizationTargetsFinal.pdf, accessed on March 27, 2011.
17. David Brower, see http://www.wildernesswithin.com, accessed on November 5, 2010.
18. Based on Herman E. Daly and Joshua Farley, Ecological Economics: Principles and Applications, p. 105; and Rudolf de Groot, Matthew Wilson, and Roelof Boumans, “A Typology of Classification, Description, and Valuation of Ecosystem Functions, Goods, and Services,” Ecological Economics 41: 393–408.
19. Pavan Sukhdev et al. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: A Synthesis of the Approach, Conclusions and Recommendations of TEEB.
20. Herman E. Daly, “Uneconomic Growth: In Theory, in Fact, in History and in Relation to Globalization” (lecture, Saint John’s Universtiy, October 25, 1999).
21. David Batker, Isabel de la Torre, Robert Costanza, Paula Swedeen, John Day, Roelof Boumans, and Kenneth Bagstad, Gaining Ground (Tacoma, Washington: Earth Economics, 2010), http://www.eartheconomics.org, accessed on August 1, 2010.
22. Ibid., p. 45.
23. Ibid., pp. 75–76.
24. “Timeline: Gulf Oil Spill Lasted Three Months,” Reuters, April 15, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/15/us-oil-spill-timeline-idUSTRE73E3EG20110415, accessed on April 15, 2011.
25. Byron Grote, “2010 Results and Investor Presentation: 1 February 2011,” http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/downloads/B/bp_fourth_quarter_2010_results_presentation_transcript.pdf, accessed on April 15, 2011.
26. Seattle Public Utilities Web page, http://www.cityofseattle.net/util/About_SPU/Management/History_&_Overview/SPUHISTOR_200312020817523.asp, accessed on August 1, 2010.
27. Seattle Public Utilities Web page, http://www.seattle.gov/util/About_SPU/Water_System/History_&_Overview/WATERSYST_200312020908156.asp, accessed on August 1, 2010.
28. Earth Economics, “Workshop: Accounting for Natural Capital: The Essential Economics of a 21st Century Utility,” November 5, 2010 (sum of residents served by all six water utilities).
29. David Batker, Maya Kocian, Jennifer McFadden, and Rowan Schmidt, “Valuing the Puget Sound Basin: Revealing Our Best Investments, 2010,” Earth Economics (2010): 46.
30. Ibid., p. 47.
31. E-mail communication with David Batker, March 8, 2011.
32. Peter Barnes, Robert Costanza, Paul Hawken, David Orr, Elinor Ostrom, Alvaro Umaña, and Oran Young, “Creating an Earth Atmospheric Trust,” Science, February 8, 2008, p. 724, DOI:10.1126/science.319.5864.724b.
33. Ibid.
34. Roscoe Bartlett, “Peak Oil,” U.S. House of Representatives Congressional Record, February 28, 2008, H1177.
1. H. H. Kohlsaat, “National Affairs: Extracts from Kohlsaat” quoted from Kholsaat, From McKinley to Harding in Time, March 24, 1923, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,726975-1,00.html, accessed on April 12, 2011.
2. Department of Labor, Children’s Bureau, “Child Labor, Facts and Figures: Bureau Publication No. 917” (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933), http://www.mchlibrary.info/history/chbu/
20648-1933.PDF, accessed on January 25, 2011.
3. Ibid.
4. The President’s Research Committee on Social Trends; Weasley Michell, chair, “Recent Social Trends in the United States; Report of the President’s Research Committee on Social Trends, 1933” (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933).
5. See descriptions of Dr. Bonnor’s and other patent medicines at http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Patent_medicine/, accessed on September 6, 2010.
6. Columbia University professor Kevin Murphy provides a more in-depth discussion at http://www.kevincmurphy.com/harveywiley.htm, accessed on January 25, 2011.
7. Upton Sinclair, The Jungle.
8. The Federal Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food Act are discussed in detail at http://www.fda.gov, accessed on July 20, 2009.
9. See Lochner v. New York (1905) at http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0198_0045_ZD1.html, accessed on August 22, 2010.
10. See Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States for further information at http://supreme.justia.com/us/221/1/case.html, accessed on August 22, 2010.
11. Speech on the trusts at Music Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio, September 20, 1902, in The Works of Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt, memorial edition, http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/images/research/txtspeeches/28.txt, accessed on March 2, 2011.
12. Ibid.
13. For the rise in education and reduction in illiteracy, see the National Center for Education Statistics: http://nces.ed.gov/naal/lit_history.asp, accessed on May 18, 2011.
14. David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, p. 21.
15. There are many good sources for information on the history of the Fed. A brief version is provided at http://www.federalreserveeducation.org/about%2Dthe%2Dfed/history, accessed on May 18, 2011.
16. The University of Colorado American Studies department provides an overview of the women’s suffrage movement at http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/2010/suffrage.htm, accessed on May 18, 2011.
17. Richard N. Current, T. Harry Williams, and Frank Freidel, American History: A Survey, p. 683.
18. David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear, p. 30.
19. Ibid.
20. John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money, p. v.
21. Joan Robinson, Essays in the Theory of Unemployment, p. 73.
22. Lyndon B. Johnson, “The ‘Great Society’ Speech, President Lyndon Johnson, University of Michigan Commencement, 1964,” Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, 1964, http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/lbj1964/, accessed on April 13, 2011.
11: WHEN (OR HOW) GOOD WENT BAD
1. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ekennedytributetorfk.html, accessed on April 15, 2011.
2. Andrei Sakharov, Memoirs, p. 288.
3. http://www.infoplease.com/t/hist/state-of-the-union/183.html, accessed on April 15, 2011.
4. http://comm-org.wisc.edu/papers2009/dreier.htm, accessed on April 15, 2011.
5. http://www.democracynow.org/2009/3/24/thomas_geoghegan_on_infinite_debt_how, accessed on April 15, 2011.
6. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/05/the-quiet-coup/7364/, accessed on April 15, 2011.
7. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/carter-crisis/, accessed on April 15, 2011.
8. John de Graaf, David Wann, Thomas Naylor, Affluenza, p. 152.
9. http://www.rightwingnews.com/quotes/reagan2.php, accessed on April 15, 2011.
10. For a full explanation of these trends, see Kevin Philips, The Politics of Rich and Poor.
11. De Graaf, Wann, and Naylor, Affluenza, p. 28.
12. For a full explanation of the over-leveraged banks, see Joseph Stiglitz, Freefall.
13. All Born quotes from PBS Frontline documentary, The Warning, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/warning/view/, accessed on April 15, 2011.
14. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6902224/ns/politics-state_of_the_union/, accessed on April 15, 2011.
15. http://www.economicmobility.org/assets/pdfs/EMP%20American%20Dream%20Report.pdf, accessed on April 15, 2011.
16. http://money.cnn.com/2008/08/27/news/economy/state_of_working_america/, accessed on April 15, 2011.
1. Paul Krugman, The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008, p. 165.
2. Herman E. Daly, Beyond Growth p. 178.
3. Neva R. Goodwin (lead author), Global Development and Environment Institute (content partner), and Cutler J. Cleveland (topic editor), “Capital,” in Encyclopedia of Earth, ed. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment, 2006). First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth, April 1, 2007; last revised November 6, 2006; retrieved September 16, 2010, http://www.eoearth.org/article/Capital.
4. Peter S. Goodman and Gretchen Morgenson, “Saying Yes, WaMu Built Empire on Shaky Loans,” New York Times, December 27, 2008.
5. Ibid.
6. U.S. Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Exhibits: Hearing on Wall Street and the Financial Crisis: The Role of High Risk Home Loans, Exhibit #1a, April 13, 2010), p. 6.
7. Ibid., p. 6.
8. Ibid., p. 3.
9. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Productivity Change in the Non-farm Business Sector, 1947–2010,” ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/lpr/nfbbardata.txt, accessed on April 11, 2011.
10. Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica C. Smith, “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009,” U.S. Census Bureau, September 2010, p. 33, http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf, accessed on February 23, 2011.
11. U.S. Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Exhibits: Hearing on Wall Street and the Financial Crisis: The Role of High Risk Home Loans, Exhibit #1a, p. 5.
12. Goodman and Morgenson, “Saying Yes.”
13. Ellen Rosen, “State Street, Novartis, WaMu, Vivendi, BP, Societe Generale in Court News,” Bloomberg, September 30, 2010, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-01/state-street-novartis-wamu-vivendi-bp-societe-generale-in-court-news.html, accessed on February 23, 2011.
14. Amy Hoak, “More Foreclosures, Home-Price Drops on Tap in 2011, MarketWatch, Wall Street Journal, December 13, 2010, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/more-foreclosures-home-price-drops-on-tap-in-2011-2010-12-13300,000 foreclosers/month, X million underwater, ref, accessed on February 18, 2011.
15. Keith Gumbinger, “How to Help Underwater Homeowners,” Reuters, October 12, 2010.
16. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, “Failed Bank List,” http://www.fdic.gov/bank/individual/failed/banklist.html, accessed on April 9, 2011.
17. Kevin G. Hall, “Few Foreclosures, No Bank Failures: Canada Offers Lessons,” McClatchy Newspapers, January 11, 2011. And Canadian Deposit Insurance Corporation Web site: http://www.cdic.ca/e/index.html, accessed on April 9, 2011.
18. “How Canadian Banks Sidestepped the Financial Crisis,” CBS Weekend Journal, April 18, 2009, http://moneywatch.bnet.com/economic-news/video/how-canadian-banks-sidestepped-the-financial-crisis/289843/, accessed on July 15, 2010.
19. Klaus Schwab, ed., The Global Competitiveness Report: 2010–2011, Global Competitiveness Index 2010–2011 Rankings and 2009–2010 Comparisons, Table 8.07, Soundness of Banks (Davos, Switzerland: World Economic Forum, 2011), p. 460.
20. Linda Sandler and David McLaughlin, “Lehman Defies Bankruptcy to Become a Business Again,” Bloomberg, September 15, 2010.
21. Clair Zillman, “Legal Fees Pile Up in Recession’s Biggest Bankruptcies,” AmLaw Daily, February 25, 2011, http://amlawdaily.typepad.com/amlawdaily/2011/02/legalfeesnlj.html, accessed on April 9, 2011.
22. Roger Boyes, Meltdown Iceland: How the Global Financial Crisis Bankrupted an Entire Country, p. 7.
23. Charles Forelle, “Icelanders Reject Deal to Repay U.K., Netherlands,” Wall Street Journal, April 11, 2011.
24. Brynhildur Davidsdottir, interview with David K. Batker, December 15, 2009.
25. Robert Preston, “Make or Break for Ireland Finances,” BBC Web page: http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/robertpeston/2010/09/make_or_break_for_ireland_fina.html, accessed on September 30, 2010.
26. Megan M. Barker and Adam A. Hadi, “Payroll Employment in 2009: Job Losses Continue,” Monthly Labor Review, Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2009, http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2010/03/art2full.pdf, accessed on September, 24, 2010.
27. Chris Isadore. “Recession Job Losses: Worse than First Thought,” CNNMoney.com, October 12, 2010, http://money.cnn.com/2010/10/12/news/economy/jobs_revisions/index.htm, accessed on October 15, 2010.
28. “Overview of Funding,” http://www.recovery.gov/Pages/home.aspx, accessed on October 1, 2010.
29. Dean Baker, False Profits: Recovering from the Bubble Economy, p. 103.
31. Michael Powell, “Profits Are Booming. Why Aren’t Jobs?” New York Times, January 8, 2011.
32. Bureau of Economic Analysis, “National Income and Product Accounts Table: Corporate Profits by Industry,” tables 6.16B, 6.16C and 6.16D, http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/TableView.asp?SelectedTable=237&ViewSeries=NO&Java=no&Request3Place=N&3Place=N&FromView=YES&Freq=Year&FirstYear=1950&LastYear=1970&3Place=N&Update=Update&JavaBox=no#Mid, accessed on April 9, 2011.
33. Tom Lauricella and Dave Kansa, “Currency Trading Soars: Market Hits $4 Trillion a Day as Investors Chase Profit in Growing Economies,” Wall Street Journal, August 31, 2010, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704421104575463901973510496.html, accessed on February 15, 2010.
34. Rodney Schmidt, “The Currency Transaction Tax: Rate and Revenue Estimates,” North-South Institute, Ottawa, October 2007, http://www.nsi-ins.ca/english/pdf/CTT%20revenue.pdf, accessed on February 15, 2011.
13: BUILDING A TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY ECONOMY OF LIFE, LIBERTY, AND HAPPINESS
1. Franklin D. Roosevelt, “The Economic Bill of Rights,” in The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, ed. Samuel Rosenman, vol. 13 (New York: Harper, 1950), pp. 40–42. Accessed through the Franklin D. Roosevelt American Heritage Center, http://www.fdrheritage.org/bill_of_rights.htm, on April 17, 2011.
2. Supreme Court of the United States, Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, U.S. Supreme Court Web site: http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/09pdf/08-205.pdf, accessed on April 17, 2011.
3. Stefano Bartolini, Manifesto per la Felicita.
4. Louise Story, “Anywhere the Eye Can See, It’s Likely to See an Ad: Add This to the Endangered List: Blank Spaces,” New York Times, January 15, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/15/business/media/15everywhere.html, accessed on January 3, 2011.
IMAGE CREDITS
p. 23 GDP and GPI: 1950–2002 Per Capita in 2000 USD
Source: John Talberth, Clifford Cobb, and Noah Slattery, The Genuine Progress Indicator: A Tool for Sustainable Development. Oakland: Redefining Progress, 2007.
p. 45 Fundamental Human Needs
Source: Manfred Max-Neef, Human Scale Development: Conception, Application and Further Reflections.
p. 47 Maslow’s Pyramid
Source: A. H. Maslow, “A Theory of Human Motivation,” Psychological Review 50 (1943): 370–96.
p. 85 Prison Population Rates
Source: OECD Country Statistical Profiles, 2010.
p. 120 Share of Total U.S. Income Received by Top 1 Percent of Americans
Source: Robert Reich, Great Switch by the Super Rich, 2011, www.robertreich.org.
p. 139 College Graduation Rates, 2007
Source: OECD Country Statistical Profiles, 2010.
p. 156 Ecological Footprint
Source: WWF, Living Planet Report, 2010.
p. 158 Incorrect World View
Source: Industrial Revolution.
p. 158 Correct World View
Source: Modern Science.
p. 160 Ecosystem Goods, Services and Benefits
Source: Modified from de Groot et al., “A Typology of Classification, Description, and Valuation of Ecosystem Functions, Goods, and Services.”
pp. 166–167 Solutions
Source: Authors.