NOTE: Page references in italics refer to photos.
Abbott, Joseph C., 153, 155–59, 161–62, 165–66
Adley, John, 235
African Americans: free black Northern population, overview, 4–5, 25; suffrage for, 3, 19, 24, 26, 30, 220–25, 229, 263; violence against free African Americans, 22, 29, 30, 31, 38, 88, 95–96, 97, 100, 124, 181, 187. See also citizenship, for African Americans; race and racism; slaves and slavery; soldiering; suffrage, for African Americans; veterans; volunteerism and recruitment; individual names of battles; individual names of military regiments
African Baptist Church (Peeble Township, Ohio), 25
African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), 25, 32, 36, 56, 91, 205–6. See also Christian Recorder (AME)
Alexander, Harriet, 239
Alexander, Henry, 116, 179, 190, 214
Alexander, Thomas, 217
Allen, William, 37
Allen Post 675 (Wilmington, Ohio), 248
Alston, James T., 29–30
American Anti-Slavery Society, 18
Ames, Adelbert, 153, 155–58, 161, 165, 166, 170
Anderson, Carl C., 231
Anderson, George, 151
Anderson, Joseph, 213
Anderson, Richard H., 112
Anderson, William J., 114, 167–68
Anderson v. Millikin (1859), 148
Andrew, John A., 2, 37–42, 75, 87
Anglo African (New York), 221
Antietam, Battle of, 32
Antioch College (Yellow Springs, Ohio), 21
Aristides (George Washington Williams), 260
Army of Northern Virginia, 98, 105–6, 152
Army of the James, 98–99, 111–12, 133, 142, 147, 149–52, 212
Army of the Potomac: Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, 108; black regiments for, 104; commanding officers in, 98–99, 109; Hatcher’s Run, First Battle of, 142–46; marching orders for, 106; reorganization of, 118, 148–50; veterans of, 265
Arnett, Benjamin W., 226
Arnich, Jane, 189
Arnich, Jordan, 127, 185, 188–89
Arthur, Chester A., 260
Artis, MaryAnn, 72
Ashley, Samuel S., 206
Athens County (Ohio) Military Committee, 65–67
Atkins, James, 258–59
Atkins, Sarah, 258
Attucks, Crispus, 28
Attucks Guards (Albany, Ohio), 28
Austin Post 403 (Cleveland, Ohio), 247
back pay. See pay policies
Bailey Post 164 (Portsmouth, Ohio), 249, 255
Baltimore Sanitary Fair, 96
Banks, Eaton, 72
Banks, Nathaniel P., 35
Banks, Simon, 125
Barnett School (Peeble Township, Ohio), 25
Barney, John, 67
Barr, Robert N., 77
Bartlett, Frederick J., 81, 86, 115, 147, 175, 237
Bates, Delevan, 122, 143–44, 150, 167, 174, 205–6
Bates, Edward, 64
Battery Buchanan (N.C.), 158–62
Beacon Journal (Akron, Ohio), 258
Beauregard, Pierre P. T., 112
Beecham, Robert, 118
Beer, Levi, 76, 104–5, 107–8, 110–11, 125, 148, 193
Beery, Charles A., 80, 82, 84, 115, 151, 196–97
Bell, John, 27
Bellefontaine and Indianapolis Railroad, 42
Ben Butler Post (Columbus, Ohio), 248
Ben Butterfield Post 77 (Lancaster, Ohio), 256, 257
Bermuda Hundred, campaign against, 142, 150–52
Betts, James, 214
Beverly, James (John) (Everly, James or John), 68
B. H. Millikan Post 92 (Washington Court House, Ohio), 248
Bibb, Thomas, 125
Bickham, William D., 31
Bingham, John A., 223
Birney, David B., 133
Black Brigade of Cincinnati, 35–36
Black Laws (Ohio), 15–17, 18–19, 24, 226
Blackman, Albert M.: ambition of, 161–63; battle injuries of, 144, 147; as commanding officer, 83, 86, 87, 194; correspondence of, 204; Fort Fisher, second campaign, 158–60; leave request of, 168–69; marching orders of, 154; on military pay, 68; portrait of, 87; promotions by, 151; promotions of, 89, 136, 146, 171–72, 175; qualifications of, 143; recruitment duty of, 98, 107, 115, 117, 133; reorganization of troops by, 93–94, 141–42, 167
Blackman, Catherine, 163
Blackman, Gilbert, 86
Blake, Sarah Swan Weld, 8
Blanchard, William F., 144, 151–52, 169, 176, 180
Blight, David, 266
Bloch, Marc, 266
Blue, Herbert T., 254
Board of Examiners of the Candidates and for Officers of the Colored Troops, 83–86, 90, 136
Bodamer, John A., 130
Boe (DeBoe), Robert D., 9
bounties: bounty jumping, 68, 71; bounty money, 40, 43–45, 65–69
Bowles, John, 217
Bowles, Rev. John R., 37, 200–201, 206
Bowling Green (Va.), 108
Bowman, Carrie, 4
Bowman, Catherine, 4
Bowman, Champion, 4, 5, 71, 184, 235
Bowman, Eugene, 4
Bowman, Mickey, 4
Bowman, Thomas, 35
Boyd, William T., 29–30
Boydton Plank Road (Va.), securing of, 142–45
Bratton, Edward A., 74
Bray, Charley, 57
Bray, James W., 39–40, 57, 121, 175, 181
Breckinridge, John C., 26–27
Brock, John C., 101
Bronson, James, 5
Brough, John: on black enlistment, 65–67, 69, 76, 93–94, 117; on medical care for soldiers and veterans, 127, 229; on military benefits, 63; on national draft, 71, 73; on officer selection, 86, 136; as Union Party gubernatorial candidate, 38, 42
Brown, Daniel S., 65
Brown, Dennis, 178
Brown, Elias, 91
Brown, Henry, 195
Brown, John, 13–14, 24, 166, 252
Bryan, George W., 48
Bulen, Josiah, 89
Bull Run, First Battle of, 29
Bunch, Elijah, 21
Bunch, Pleasant, 21
Bunch, Stephen, 21
Bunch, William, 21
Bundy, Hezekiah S., 200
Bureau of Colored Troops. See United States Bureau of Colored Troops
Bureau of Pensions (U.S. Pension Bureau), 82, 215, 224, 231–42, 258. See also federal benefits, for veterans
Burnside, Ambrose E.: Battle of the Crater and, 130–31, 133; as 4th Division commander, 105, 111–12, 114, 116; as IX Army Corps commander, 93–94, 99, 100; Peace Democrats and, 33; on Petersburg campaign, 116–20, 124, 126
Burrell, Betty, 249
Butler, Benjamin F.: as commander of Department of the Gulf, 31, 34–35; Fort Fisher campaigns and, 152–53, 163, 211–12; at Fort Monroe, 34–35; Petersburg campaign and, 111–12, 138; on prisoners of war, 94, 98–99; Richmond campaign and, 140, 142; as supporter of black martial service, 98–99, 149–50, 163, 211–12
Butler, Charles W., 146
Butler, Elbridge, 80, 227, 249
Byrd, Everett, 81
Cableton, Gaston, 48
Cain, Zebedee, 67
Calkins, Storrs S., 72
Callahan, C. F., 235
Camden Expedition (Arkansas) (1864), 95
Camp Chase (Ohio), 34, 83, 216–17
Camp Delaware (Ohio): conditions of, 91–93; desertion accusations and, 192–93; enlistees received at, 22–23, 42–45, 71–76, 78–81, 89–90, 164; substitutes and, 69
Campton, William H., 173–74
Cape Fear River (N.C.), security of, 152–53, 155, 157, 161, 167
Carrington, Henry B., 29
Carter, Andrew Jackson, 49
Carter, Henry, 49, 162, 179, 185
Carter, Perry, 72
Cartwright, John, 78, 89, 102, 125, 129
Cassin, Margaret, 196
Catlett’s Station (Va.), 105
Catton, Bruce, 265
Cecil (steamship), 97
Cemetery Hill (Petersburg), 117, 119, 121
Chaffin, Andy, 256
Chambers, William, 48
Champion City Times (Springfield, Ohio), 256
Chapman (Campbell), Alfred, 195–99, 201
Chapman, Martha, 197
Chapman, Richard, 196
Chavous, Alexander, 146
Chavous, Herbert, 91
Chavous, Howard, 91
Chester, Thomas Morris, 148
Christian, Lucy, 218
Christian, Samuel, 218–19
Christian Recorder (AME): on African American military service, 28, 32, 182; on AME’s opposition to military service, 36; on black enlistment, 46; on black suffrage, 221; on description of Battle of the Crater, 54; on pay inequality, 63, 64; on spiritual conditions for troops, 91; as supplier of bibles, 56; on white reactions to black soldiers, 101
Cincinnati: Brown case sympathy in, 14; Confederate invasion of, 35–36, 44; officer examinations in, 83–85; public education in, 19–20; self-help associations in, 23; violence against African Americans in, 22, 29, 31
Cincinnati Commercial, 260
Circleville Democrat (Ohio), 222
Circleville Union (Ohio), 222
Circular 67 (military document), 48
citizenship, for African Americans: Black Laws, 15–17, 18–19, 24, 226; commemoration of, 244–46, 262–65; domiciliary care as benefit of, 229–33; Dred Scott decision and, 14, 26, 252; Fugitive Slave Act (1850), 24; manhood and, 261–62; military participation and, 37–38, 44, 54–55, 71, 110, 190–91; opposition to, 3, 222–25; overview, 11–12; pensions for veterans/veterans’ families, 82, 233–43; as right of veterans, 1–2, 5–6, 11, 201–3, 219–21, 267; as right of veterans’ family, 243–44; Visible Admixture Law (Ohio) (1858), 26, 222
City Point Railroad, 111–12, 137–38
Civil War Pension Index, 10
Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (online database), 9
Clark, Thomas, 57
Clay, Henry, 145
Cleveland: African American population in, 18; AME church in, 206; Black Law petition in, 24; Lincoln’s funeral procession in, 245; military enlistees of, 44; public education in, 20; recruitment in, 68–69; self-help associations in, 23–24; volunteerism and recruitment in, 29–30, 68
Cleveland, Grover, 260
Cleveland Anti-Slavery Society, 24
Cleveland Gazette, 249
Cleveland Morning Leader, 160
Clinton Republic (Ohio), 62, 74
Collins, John, 72
Colored Baptist Church (Toledo), 28
Colored Citizen (Cincinnati) on black suffrage, 221
Colored Hospital Service, 182–83
Colored United Association(s), 23
Columbus (Ohio): African American volunteerism in, 34; bounty jumping in, 68; commemoration in, 216; as muster-out location, 176; office selection in, 68; public education in, 19
commemoration, of veterans: books as, 260–61, 264; of deceased veterans, 254–59; equality and, 265–67; fraternal organizations as, 246–51; overview, 216–17; parades as, 251–52; postwar, 216–17; public displays of, 244–46, 262–65; reunions as, 252–54
Commissary of Musters, 176
compensation, of soldiers. See pay policies
compiled military service records (CMSR), 8, 10
Compromise of 1850, 15
Confederate General Hospital (Va.), 189
Confederate Point (Federal Point) (N.C.), 153–61, 166–67, 184
Congressional Medal of Honor, 5, 138, 249
conscription quotas. See draft quotas
Conventions of the Colored People of Ohio, 24–25
Cook, Thomas, 148
Cooley, John, 102
Copeland, John, 13–14
Copperheads (Peace Democrats), 33, 74–75, 169, 216
Corps D’Afrique Bands (No. 1, No. 2), 210
Cosby, John, 247
Coursey, Edmund, 66–67
court-martial trials, 195–202. See also military justice
Cox, Jacob D., 161, 163–65, 170–72, 220, 225
Cox, James M., 224
Cox, Samuel S., 30–31
Crater, Battle of the, 3, 54, 116–26, 120, 123
Crook, George, 195
Crumpton’s Tobacco Factory (Va.), 108
Cruse, Allen, 35
Cuddy, S. A., 240
Curtis, N. Martin, 156–58
Cutler, William Parker, 37, 94
daily life of soldiers. See soldiering
Daily Ohio Statesman (Columbus), 69
Dakin, W. H., 239
Daniel Webster (steamship), 167
Danville Prison (Va.), 127, 186–89, 242
Darlington, William, 50, 80, 114, 255–56
Davison, Jethro, 52
Day, William H., 24
Delaware Aid Society (Ohio), 91
Delaware Gazette (Ohio): Camp Delaware conditions, 44–45; health of African American soldiers, 92; military service, 141; prisoners of war, 95; recruitment of African American soldiers, 74
“Democracy and the American Civil War” (Symposium on Democracy, Kent State University), 12
Dennison, William, 27–29
Denver, Matthew R., 239
Depot Field Hospital (Va.), 100, 132, 178
Depp, Abraham, 22
Depp, Aurelius, 22–23
Depp, John, 22–23
desertion issues, 93–94, 141, 192–94. See also military justice
Diaries and Letters of Francis Minot Weld, M.D. with a Sketch of His Life (Blake), 8
Dick Lambert Post (Ironton, Ohio), 258
Dickerson, John, 223
Dickins, Jeremiah, 55–56
Dickson, William Martin, 35–36
Different Mirror, A (Takaki), 6
disciplinary action. See military justice
Dolby, John, 183
Donnellan, John W.: battle injuries of, 144, 146–47; Boydton Plank Road campaign, 143–44; journey to Fort Fisher, 167–68; leadership of, 136, 175, 190; on military bands, 210; on military pay policy, 174, 211; qualifications of, 89
Doty, George W., 81–82
Douglas, Stephen A., 26–27, 34
Douglass, Frederick: as abolitionist, 6, 22, 37, 54, 245; on African American martial participation, 34; on equality, 39, 54, 62, 203, 261, 263; on mixed-race children, 52
Douglass’ Monthly (Rochester, N.Y.), 34
Dowdall’s Tavern (Va.), 106
draft quotas: bounty provision for, 65–66; Enrollment Act (1863) and, 69–72; national, 37, 40–42, 45, 62, 74–75, 169; as reason for African American enlistment, 55, 192; by states, 2, 38
Dred Scott decision (1857), 14, 26, 252
Duncan, Samuel A., 200
Dunkhurst, William, 66
Early, Jubal, 137
Eastman, Seth, 83
education reform issues (Ohio), 19–22, 225–26, 263
Edwards, Charles, 223
XVIII Army Corps (of the Army of the James), 98, 112, 133–34, 138, 146, 148–50
Elder, John, 50
elections: of 1862, 33–34; gubernatorial, Ohio (1857), 26; New York influence on, 27, 223; presidential election (1860), 26–28; presidential election (1864), 119, 137, 142, 145, 148, 152
Eliza Hancox (steamship), 154
Elliott’s Salient (Petersburg), 117
Ellis, Caroline D., 240
Ellison, Ralph, 1
Ely, Andrew, 125
Ely’s Ford Road (Va.), 106
Emancipation Proclamation (1862), 32–33, 37–38, 55–56, 252
Enforcement Act (1870), 223
enlistment of African American soldiers. See muster-in of 27th USCT; soldiering; volunteerism and recruitment
Enrollment Act (1863), 37, 65, 68–69, 70–71
Equal Pay Act (1864), 64
equality and inequality. See citizenship, for African Americans; pay policies; race and racism; suffrage, for African Americans
Eugene Reynolds Post 441 (Bellefontaine, Ohio), 247
Eureka Lodge (Cleveland), 23
Evans, Lyle S., 253
Evans, Mary, 204
Evans, Rev. William, 25
Evans, Walker D., 165, 180, 204
Fairfax, Oscar, 247
Fairfax Court House (Va.), 101–2
Fallis, John, 78
Farmville Hospital (Va.), 189
fatigue duties: as African American martial participation, 5, 7, 36, 61–62, 99, 202; description of, 190; runaway slaves and, 34–35; of 27th USCT, 102–4, 106–7, 109–11, 115–16, 140, 166–70, 171–72
Fay, John, 69
federal benefits, for veterans, 229–43; Civil War Pension Index (Fold3), 10; domiciliary care as, 229–33; pensions for veterans, 233–38; pensions for veterans’ families, 82, 238–43
federal draft. See draft quotas
Federal Point (Confederate Point) (N.C.), 153–61, 166–67, 184
Ferguson, James, 121, 127, 240
Ferguson, Leona, 240
Ferrero, Edward: on African American martial participation, 130, 135, 136, 138–40, 143–44, 146–47, 197–98; campaigns of, 105–11, 114–21, 124, 130–31, 135, 136–40, 143–47, 197–98; on Chapman case, 197–98; leadership failure of, 124, 131; officer assignments of, 102, 147; qualifications of, 99; troop reorganization by, 104, 135, 136
Fess, Simeon D., 239
Fifteenth Amendment, 3, 6, 11, 222–23, 262–63, 266
V Army Corps, 116, 133–35, 139, 144–45
5th United States Colored Heavy Artillery, 9
5th United States Colored Troops (USCT): bands and music of, 210; children of, 241; commemoration for, 244, 251–52; community connections within, 213; Congressional Medal of Honor for members of, 138; death rate of, 218; draft quotas and, 2; military justice and, 89; muster-in for, 9, 89; news coverage of, 212; officers for, 85–86; pay inequality of, 5, 61; Petersburg campaign and, 112; recruitment for, 42–45, 50, 71; suffrage for members of, 148, 222; Wilmington, campaign against, 153, 165. See also 127th Ohio Volunteer Infantry
55th Massachusetts Infantry: band and musicians of, 210; Bowles as chaplain for, 37, 200–201, 206; Bray and, 181; commemoration for, 252; recruitment for, 2, 38–41, 51, 57, 73, 75–76; unequal pay for, 198
54th Massachusetts Infantry: commemoration for, 252; film of, 1; officer selection policies for, 84–85; pay for, 63; recruitment of, 2, 38–39, 51, 73, 75–76
Finck, William E., 200
Finley, James, 256–57
Finney, Charles G., 21–22
1st Kansas Colored Infantry (79th USCT), 6, 35, 95
First Regular African Baptist Church of Christ (Chillicothe), 17, 37
Fisher, Cyrus W., 57
Fitzsimmons, Henry, 60
Flint, Franklin F., 83–84
Fold3 (Footnote.com), 8, 10
Ford, Frank, 239
Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 95, 187
Fort Alexander Hays (Va.), 139, 140
Fort Anderson (N.C.), 155, 161, 163–65
Fort Campbell (N.C.), 161
Fort Caswell (N.C.), 161, 165, 194–95
Fort Dushane (Va.), 140
Fort Fisher (N.C.), second campaign: capture of, 3, 6, 154–60, 157, 167, 262; casualties of, 180, 184, 231
Fort Monroe (Va.), 2, 34–35, 45, 154, 212
Fort Pillow Massacre (Tenn.) (1864), 88, 95–96, 97, 100, 124, 181, 187
Fort Sedgwick (Va.), 133
Fort Siebert (Va.), 146
Fort Sumter (S.C.), 28, 30, 97, 172
Fort Wagner (S.C.), 38
Fort Warren (Va.), 113
48th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 104, 117, 139
43rd United States Colored Troops (USCT), 101, 117, 121–23, 145
Foster, Charles W., 42, 45, 85, 127, 141–42, 151
Fourteenth Amendment, 3, 5–6, 11, 220, 237, 262–63, 266
4th Division, IX Corps, 99–112, 117–26, 128, 130–35, 192
4th United States Colored Troops (USCT), 85, 141
Fox, William F., 264
fraternal organizations of veterans, 246–51, 263–64
Fredericksburg Plank Road (Va.), 106–8
Freedmen’s Cemetery (Va.), 102
freemasonry, among African Americans, 23, 30
Fremont Journal (Ohio), 27
Fry, Rev. Thomas W., 239
Fugitive Aid Society, 34
Fugitive Slave Act (1850), 24
Gale, R. H., 239
Gales, Calvin, 72
Gallman, J. Matthew, 5
Gant, James G., 147
Gants, Anderson, 219
Gants, George, 219
Gants, Reuben, 219
GAR. See Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)
Gardner, Isaac N., 48, 80, 81, 136, 197, 235
Gaskins, Ferdinand, 256
General Order No. 252, 94, 186
Gibson, George, 65
Gibson, W. H., 86
Gilbert, George L., 146, 151–52, 169
Gillard, Wilson, 151
Gillas, James D., 67
Gilmore, George W., 77
Gilson, Helen S., 182
Gist, Samuel, 17–18
Gladdish, Thomas, 104
Glory (film), 1
Goldsboro (N.C.), 166–67, 170–71, 173–74, 205–6
Grabill, Elliott F., 160
Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), 4, 229, 241, 245–49, 251–52, 254–56, 264. See also National Tribune (GAR newspaper)
Grand United Order of Odd Fellows (Cleveland), 23–24
Grant, Ulysses S.: on African American martial participation, 38–39, 148–49, 170, 176; Battle of Goldsboro, 171; Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road, 140; Battle of the Crater, 117, 119, 124, 126; Battle of the Wilderness, 105–6; commanding officers under, 98–99; on election (1864), 109; Enforcement Act of, 223; on federal benefits, 197; Fort Fisher campaigns, 159–60; Hatcher’s Run, First Battle of, 142, 145; marching orders of, 108–9, 138, 152–53; Petersburg campaign, 111–12, 131–35; on Piney Branch Church, 107; on prisoner exchanges, 186; on South’s surrender, 173; victory celebration for, 216; on war, 1, 6; Wilmington, campaign against, 161
Gray, Nicholas A.: on equality, 97, 183; at muster-in, 81; quartermaster duties of, 128–29, 203–4; writings of, 113, 131, 146, 160, 175, 179
Green, James, 248
Green, Shields, 14
Green, Thomas, 93
Gregg, David M., 133, 139, 142
Griffin, Simon G., 130
guidon, of 27th United States Colored Troops, 96
Guy, George H., 63–64
Hackley, Robert, 132, 184, 227
Haines, Wesley, 131–32
Hamilton Bethel Church (AME) (Ohio), 168
Hammond, James, 46–47, 55, 125, 237
Hampton Roads Peace Conference, 161
Hancock, Winfield S., 113, 133, 135, 144, 145
Hannah, Mark A., 224
Harding, Warren G., 224
Harpers Ferry, attack on, 13, 24, 27, 252
Harris, Nathaniel H., 139–40
Harris, Thomas, 235
Harris, Thornton, 185
Hart, James A., 78
Hart Post 134 (Massillon, Ohio), 249
Hartwill (Hortwell), Thomas A., 9
Hatch, George, 35
Hatcher’s Run (Va.), First Battle of, 142–46
Hayes, Rutherford B., 220
Hayward, Aleck M., 130
Headquarters for the Draft Rendezvous (Columbus), 69
health issues, of soldiers: domiciliary care and, 229–33; in the field, 102, 111–14, 127–29, 177–85; hospitals for USCT, 183–85; medical care and, 181–85; during muster-in, 91–93; veterans declining health, 228–33. See also individual names of hospitals
Hedgepath, Richard, 64, 67, 154, 228
Hempstead, Alexander S., 124, 136, 147, 196–97, 199–200
Henry, William, 228
Higgins, Charles, 48
Hill, Ambrose P.: on emancipation, 33; on leave, 131; as IX Army Corps commander, 93, 99–100, 133; on Petersburg front, 111–12, 116, 135
Hill, James H., 159
Hill, John, 185
Hill, Rebecca, 185
Hill, Walter, 241
History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880, Negroes as Slaves, as Soldiers, and as Citizens (Williams), 260
History of the Negro Troops in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–1865, A (Williams), 261, 267
Hocking County (Ohio), violence in (1861), 30
Hoke, Robert F., 155–56, 161, 164–65
Holland, Milton M., 5, 28, 54, 138, 252
Holliday, S. V., 203
Holman, John H., 168
Hornberger, Alexander, 9
“Hour and the Duty of Colored Men to the Government” (speech) (Langston), 44
Howell, William, 185
Howson, Henry, 200
Hunter, David C., 35
Hurlburt, Stephen A., 73
Hurst, Jethro, 23, 224, 247, 258–59
Huyek, Sanders M., 136, 151–52, 235
Idaho (steamship), 154
Ironton Evening Tribune (Ohio), 256
Jackson, Andrew, 55
Jackson, John R., 247
Jackson, William E., 56–57
Jackson, William H., 57
Jackson Hospital (Va.), 127, 132
James, Richard, 72
Jerusalem Plank Road (Va.), securing of, 113–14, 119, 133–35, 139–40
Jewell, John G., 199–200
John B. Bell Post 119 (Washington Court House, Ohio), 248
“John Brown’s Body” (song), 166, 252
Johns, James W., 127, 185, 188
Johnson, Charles, 212
Johnson, Hanson, 231
Johnson, Israel, 235
Johnston, Joseph E., 98, 170, 172–73
Jones, Albert G.: on African American martial service, 191, 240; military duty of, 158–59, 166, 172, 175; on officers for 27th USCT, 137; qualifications of, 81; writings of, 8, 116
Jones, George F., 235
Jones, Grayson, 77
Jones, Mary, 214
Jones, Moses M. A., 66, 171, 177, 213, 214, 237
Jones, Richard N., 228
Jones, Thomas E., 132
Jones, William F., 206
Jordan, Samuel, 94–95
Julius, Charles, 48
Kansas, recruitment in, 35
Keifer, J. Warren, 252
Kennedy, Robert P., 57
King, Susie Taylor, 265
Kinney, Martha Jane, 50
Kinney, William P., 50, 175, 226
Lamb, William, 153, 155–56, 158–59
Lancaster (Ohio), treatment of African Americans in, 30–31, 41, 225–26, 228, 245, 252
Lancaster Gazette (Ohio), 212, 244
Lane, James H., 35
Lane Theological Seminary (Cincinnati), 22
Langston, Charles, 24, 29–30, 39
Langston, Gideon, 24
Langston, John Mercer: on African American military participation, 34, 37; education of, 24; election victory of, 26; on equality, 45, 54, 221, 261; on recruitment of African American enlistees, 39–44
Larabee, Frank, 196
Latimer, Edwin C., 100, 105, 125, 126–27, 169, 174
Lay, Benjamin, 225
Lay, Phoebe Jane, 225
Lee, Fitzhugh, 57
Lee, Robert E.: campaigns of, 98, 105–6, 109; Harpers Ferry attack and, 13; officer promotions by, 123; prisoners of war and, 187; qualifications of, 57; supply routes of, 111–12, 152; surrender of, 171, 173; turning point in war for, 133, 138, 140, 142
Leech, Dock, 69, 175, 218, 224
Leech, Isabella, 66
Leech, Joseph, 66
Leech, Mary, 66
Lemert, Lewis, 241
Levstik, Frank, 8
Lewis, Charles H., 192–93
Lewis, James, 214
Lewis, Jessie, 204
Lewis, Rebecca, 214
Lincoln, Abraham: on African American martial service, 31–35, 38, 75, 98, 100–101, 160; on African American recruitment, 53, 55, 70; on army quotas, 29, 40–41; death of, 172, 245; election of (1860), 27–28; election of (1864), 119, 137, 142, 145, 148, 152; Emancipation Proclamation of, 37, 55–56; on equality, 221; on military cemeteries, 254; on military justice, 94, 96, 187, 197–98; on military pay policy, 62; military strategies of, 153, 161, 186; on Southern secession, 6
Long, Charles W., 100
Louisiana Native Guards, 35
L’Overture Hospital (Va.), 102, 105, 110, 179, 183
Lucas, Napoleon, 127, 186, 189
Lundy, Benjamin, 17
Lupton, James, 36
Lynchburg Prison (Va.), 108, 189, 190
MacBride, Thomas H., 197
Mahone, William, 122–23, 124, 139
Malvin, John, 29–30
manhood and masculinity: military service as vindication of, 36, 44, 46–47, 53–56, 162–63, 219–20, 261–64; rites of passage for, 191, 201; as socially defined ideals, 1, 37, 236, 243–44
Manley, Andrew, 219
Manley, Julia, 219
Manley, Therrygood, 127, 154, 182
Mansel, John, 172
Mansfield General Hospital (Morehead City, N.C.), 184
Massachusetts. See Andrew, John A.; 55th Massachusetts Infantry; 54th Massachusetts Infantry
Mayberry, William, 50
Mayo, Nancy, 204
Mayo, Samuel, 204
McClellan, George B., 148
McClellan Hospital (Philadelphia), 183
McCoglin, Benjamin, 104–5, 108, 189–90
McCoglin, Fielding, 105
McCoglin, John, 105
McDonald, John, 65
McIntosh, Silas, 52
McKnight, Julius, 254
McMurphy, Edwin F., 86, 165, 174
Meade, George B.: on African American martial participation, 116, 140; Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road, 140; Battle of the Crater, 116, 119, 124, 126; Battle of the Wilderness, 105–6; commanding officers of, 98–99; court of inquiry by, 131; Hatcher’s Run, First Battle of, 142–43; marching orders of, 138; Petersburg campaign, 111–12, 132–35; troop reorganization by, 104, 109, 112, 149
Medical Examiner Board (Ohio), 77–78
medical personnel, 181–83
Mendenhall, George C., 92
Mendenhall, Richmond, 92
Miles, Fanny, 49–50
Miles, Freeman, 199
military justice: court-martial trials, 195–202; desertion and, 93–94, 141, 192–94; disciplinary issues, 126–27, 147–48, 194–95; prisoners of war, 77, 89, 94–96, 98–99, 126–27, 185–90; racism and, 190–92
military pay. See pay policies
military service. See 27th United States Colored Troops (USCT); race and racism; soldiering; veterans; volunteerism and recruitment
Militia Act (1862), 31–32, 61, 202
Miner, Daniel J., 67–68, 151–52, 163, 235
Mitchell, James G., 36–37
Mitchell, Matthew R., 137
Monroe, James, 14
Montauk (ship), 154
Moody, David, 219
Morehead City Wharf (N.C.), 154
Morgan’s Raid (Ohio), 44
Morrison, James, 235
Morton, Wilson T., 81, 169, 175
Mosby, Preston, 104–5, 108, 189–90
Moss, John, 20
Mt. Sinai Baptist Church (Pike County, Ohio), 25
Mount Union College (Alliance, Ohio), 21
Mourning, Wallace, 236
Murphy, Daniel, 89
Murphy, Frank, 258
Murphy, Thomas W., 236
muster-in of 27th USCT, 77–86, 89–96; African American noncommissioned officers and, 79–81; camp life during, 90–91; desertion and, 93–94; health of troops during, 91–93; morale during, 95–96; procedure for, 77–81; spiritual conditions during, 91; training during, 89–90; of white officers, 81–86
Myrick, John R., 165
Myrtle Sound (N.C.), 165
Napper, Alexander, 92
Napper, Eliza, 92
National Archives and Records Administration, 8
National Association of Negro Ex-Soldiers and Sailors National Reunion Association, 253
national citizenship. See citizenship, for African Americans
National Equal Rights League, 221
National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Central Home (Dayton, Ohio), 231, 232, 235
National Negro Convention Movement, 24
National Tribune (GAR newspaper): on pensions, 4, 235, 240; on veteran’s experiences, 264
Neilson, William G., 82–83, 98, 102, 104, 107, 115
Nelson, William Joseph, 69–70
New Market Heights (Va.), Battle of, 5, 138, 222, 249, 252
Newman, Ignatius, 180
New York: draft riots (1863) in, 38, 70; national election influence of, 27, 223
New York Times: on Battle of Sugar Loaf, 164; on Brown’s execution, 14; on suffrage, 222
Nickens, David, 17
Niedermeyer, Herman, 78, 81, 92, 127, 144, 179–85, 235
IX Army Corps, 97–126; Burnside as commander of, 93–94, 99, 100; 4th Division, 99–112, 117–26, 128, 130–35, 192; Hill as commander of, 93, 99–100, 133; Parke as commander of, 133–34, 136–45. See also 27th United States Colored Troops (USCT)
9th U.S. Colored Cavalry, 264
Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad (Va.), 112, 113, 118, 133, 138
North Street Theatre (Kansas City, Mo.), 265
Northwest Ordinance (1787), 14–15
Oberlin Anti-Slavery Society, 18
Oberlin College (Ohio), 4, 18, 21–22, 24
Oberlin-Wellington Rescue, 24, 39
officer selection, procedures for, 79–81, 83–86
Official Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–1866 (Ohio Roster Commission), 9
Ohio Anti-Slavery Society, 24–25, 30
Ohio Methodist Episcopal General Conference, 56
Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Home (Sandusky, Ohio), 230, 231
Ohio State Convention of Colored Men (1857), 261
Ohio State Journal (Columbus), 137
Ohio State Soldier’s Home (Columbus, Ohio), 229
Old Church Tavern (Va.), 109
Old Norfolk Road (Va.), 113
127th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 42–43. See also 5th United States Colored Troops (USCT)
Orange and Alexandria Railroad, 102
Ord, Edward O. C., 133, 134, 150
orphans of veterans, 240–41
Osborn, Charles, 17
Otterbein College (Westerville, Ohio), 21
Owsley, Benjamin, 203
Paine, Charles J.: foraging missions by, 168, 171; Fort Fisher, second campaign, 156–57, 160; marching orders for, 153, 155, 170, 173; qualifications of, 150; troop reorganization by, 152, 162; Wilmington, campaign against, 163, 165–66
Palmer, James M., 76–77
Parham, William H., 36
Parke, John G., 133–34, 136–45
Parker, John, 76
Payne, Henry B., 26
Payne, Jesse, 192
Payne, Rev. Daniel A., 203
Payne, Rev. James H.: on African American martial participation, 54, 56, 130, 182; disposition of, 91, 167–68, 174–75; health of, 78, 179, 185; as a minister, 51, 119, 129, 205–6, 221; qualities of, 115; on slavery, 32
pay policies: for back pay, 58–59, 174, 211, 217–19; for bounties, 40, 65–68; inequality of, 43, 61–65, 202–4; for substitutes, 68–70
P. C. Daniels Post 500 (Xenia, Ohio), 247
Peace Democrats (Copperheads), 33, 74–75, 169, 216
Peebles’ Farm (Va.), 140, 142–43, 145, 147, 195, 211
Penny, “Sister” Lydia, 182
Penny, Thomas, 182
pensions. See federal benefits, for veterans
Perry, Thomas, 115
Petersburg (Va.), 54, 111–14, 131–35, 149
Pettigrew Hospital (Raleigh), 184, 185
Phelps, Alonzo J., 77
Philadelphia, hospitals of, 132, 183–84, 208
Philadelphia Missionary Baptist Church (Pike County, Ohio), 25
Philadelphia National Cemetery, 255
Philadelphia Press, 148
Philanthropist (Ohio), 17
Phillips, Gibson, 50, 188, 242
Phillips, John W., 50, 126–27, 185, 188, 242
Piney Branch Church (Va.), 105–7
Pinn, Robert A., 5, 138, 248–49, 252
Pinney, Alfred W., 104, 125, 131, 203–4
Plain Dealer (Cleveland), 220, 221
Pleasant, Amelia, 51
Pleasant, Simon P., 51, 132, 212
Plymouth (N.C.), 156
Poindexter, Joseph, 223
Poison Springs (Ark.), 95
political equality. See citizenship, for African Americans; suffrage, for African Americans
Poplar Spring Church (Va.), 139–40
population statistics, of volunteers, 47–53
Porter, David D., 153–56, 161, 163, 165
Portsmouth Times (Ohio), 220, 225
Potter, Robert B., 116–17, 119, 130, 138, 144
presidential elections: 1860, 26–28; 1864, 119, 137, 142, 145, 148, 152. See also elections
Price, John, 24
Prince George Court House (Va.), 113–14
Prince Hall Masons (Cincinnati), 23
prisoners of war, treatment of, 77, 89, 94–96, 98–99, 126–27, 185–90. See also military justice
Provisional Army Corps, 152–71; assessment of commands of, 168–70; capture of Goldsboro and, 170–71; Fort Fisher, second campaign of, 152–60, 157; at Northeast Station, 166–67; Wilmington, campaign against, 161, 163–66
Provost Marshal General Bureau, 72–73
Pugh, David H., 58–59, 92, 121, 122
race and racism: anti-slavery movement against, 18–19; challenging construction of, 243–44, 261–63; citizenship restrictions as form of, 25–26; community and familial support against, 23–25; economic circumstances and, 22–23; Emancipation Proclamation and, 32–33; Harpers Ferry incident and, 13–14; military justice and, 190–92; postbellum, 265–66; presidential election (1860) and, 26–27; in public education programs, 19–22; secession and role of, 27–28; in social and political culture, 14–18; toward African American martial participation, 28–45; toward immigration of blacks, 30–31; white men as commissioned officers, 2. See also slaves and slavery
Ralston, Gaston, 184
Randolph, John, 17
recognition, of veterans. See commemoration, of veterans
records, of military service, 8–10
recruitment campaigns. See volunteerism and recruitment
Redman, Richard, 104
Redman, William, 102
Reed, William Howell, 185
regimental flag, of 27th United States Colored Troops, 95
Regimental Losses in the American Civil War 1861–1865 (Fox), 264
Reid, Richard M., 11
Reilly, James, 158–59
religious practices, of soldiers, 204–8
Revised Army Regulations (1863), 48
Reynolds, George P., 193
Richardson, Amos, 121, 125, 129
Riddle, Albert G., 31
Riggs, Robert, 78
Roach, Anne, 239
Roach, Leon L., 239
Robertson, Marion, 145
Rogall, Albert: disposition of, 112–13, 191–92; duties of, 132; health care of, 183; promotions of, 151–52; qualifications of, 88; writings of, 8, 108, 118
Ross, Charity, 243
Ross, James H., 243
Sabbath School of Hamilton Bethel AME (Ohio), 205
St. Mark’s Prince Hall Masons (Columbus), 231
Salem Church (Va.), 107
Sampson, Archibald G., 104, 129, 191
Sandusky Register (Ohio), 31
Satterlee USA General Hospital (Philadelphia), 179, 183
Satterwhite, Rev. Nelson, 25
Schaeffer, George, 198
Schofield, John M., 161, 163, 165, 170–72
Scioto Gazette (Ohio): African American martial participation, 37, 66, 74–75; employment, 226; Fort Fisher, second campaign, 160; pay equality, 62, 64, 65
Scott, Andrew, 60
Scott, Charlotte, 60
Scott, Elizabeth, 256
Scott, James E.: on camp life, 172, 194; death of, 241; family obligations of, 66–67; health of, 213, 241; martial service of, 121, 134, 150–51; promotions of, 81, 82, 163
Scott, John, 241
Scott, Robert, 256
Scott, William, 60
Scott v. Sandford (1857), 14, 26, 262
secession movement, impact of, 6–7, 27–28
second-class citizenship, of African Americans. See race and racism
Second Confiscation Act (1862), 31–32
Second Great Awakening, 18, 22
2nd Ohio Cavalry, 107
2nd U.S. Cavalry, 57, 133, 139, 142
72nd United States Colored Troops (USCT), 9
Sheridan, Philip H., 105–6, 137, 256
Sherman, William Tecumseh: on African American martial participation, 37, 251–52; father-in-law of, 30; military campaigns of, 98, 137, 148, 153, 161, 167, 170–73
Shipherd, Delia, 22
Shipherd, Rev. John, 18, 21–22
Shuffelton, James W., 57, 78, 84–85, 163, 169, 172
Shurtleff, Giles Waldo, 86, 252
Siegfried, Joshua K., 104, 117–19, 121, 123, 143
Simpson, Peter M., 9
XVI Army Corps, 73
16th United States Colored Troops (USCT), 9, 141
Sixth Annual Report of the State Commissioner of Common Schools (Ohio), 22
6th United States Colored Troops, 69, 172, 218
Skiles, John, 69
slaves and slavery: anti-slavery activism, 13–14, 17–19, 24–25; as contraband of war, 34–35; Douglass on, 54; Emancipation Proclamation, 32–33, 37–38, 55–56, 252; military justice and, 94, 186; national debate over, 26–30; Northwest Ordinance and, 14–15; public opinion on, 30–31
Smith, Alvin, 251, 258, 264–65
Smith, Edmund H., 128
Smith, George L., 137, 144, 175
Smith, H. H., 148
Smith, Harrison J., 239
Smith, John David, 11
Smith, Kirby, 35
Smith, Nelson, 240–41
Smith, Wallace S., 151
Smithen, Frank, 248
Smoot, William E., 55
Snay, Mitchell, 12
social welfare, of veterans. See federal benefits, for veterans
soldiering, 177–215; challenges of, 11, 192–95; disciplinary action and, 195–202; health of soldiers and, 177–85; morale of soldiers and, 115–16; music’s role in, 208–11, 235, 251; officer selection procedures, 79–81, 83–86; personal relationships and, 211–15; prisoners of war, 185–90 (see also military justice); racism and, 190–92 (see also race and racism); religious practices of soldiers, 204–8. See also commemoration, of veterans; draft quotas; fatigue duties; military justice; pay policies
Soldiers’ Aid Societies, 41
Soldier’s Indigent Fund (Paulding County, Ohio), 258
Southside Railroad (Va.), 112, 133, 138–40, 142–43, 146
Speaker, John W., 258–59
Special Schedules of the Eleventh Census Enumerating Union Veterans and Widows of Union Veterans of the Civil War, 264
Spirituality, of soldiers, 204–8
Spotsylvania Court House (Va.), 106–8
Spurgeon, Ian Michael, 6–7
Standard History of Ross County, Ohio (Evans), 253
Stanton, Edward M.: military pay policy, 43, 62, 64; prisoners of war, 94; recognition of African American military service, 160, 170, 254; recruitment of African American soldiers, 41–42, 72; troop organization, 141
Stark County, Ohio, from the Age of Prehistoric Man to the Present Day (Blue), 254
Starr (steamship), 97
State Convention of Colored Citizens (Xenia, Ohio), 221
Stearns, George L., 75–76
Stephens, Alexander, 161
Stevens, Joseph G., 140
Stewart, Amelia, 207–8
Stewart, Ida, 207
Stewart, Jeremiah, 69
Stewart, Philo, 18
Stewart, William, 208
Stewart, Zephaniah, 57, 101, 206–8
Stillgess, Jane, 20
Stillgess, Joseph, 20
Stith, Henry, 214
Stokes, Wesley, 189
Stover, Philip, 20
Stumm, P. W., 236
substitute enlistees: demographics of, 48–52; desertion by, 141, 192 (see also military justice); draft quotas and, 40; recruitment of, 67–71, 77
suffrage, for African Americans: activism for, 222–25, 229, 263; limitation of, 3, 19, 24, 26, 30, 220–22
Summit House Hospital (Philadelphia), 132, 148, 183–84, 192, 208, 255–56
Sweringen family, 50
System of Infantry Tactics (Casey), 89–90
Tabler, James, 213
Tabler, Jesse, 213
Tabler, John, 213
Tabler, Thomas Jefferson, 48, 213
Taft, Alphonso, 260
Takaki, Ronald, 6
Tappan, Arthur, 21
Tappan, Lewis, 21
Taylor, James H., 51
10th U.S. Colored Cavalry, 264
Terry, Alfred H.: on African American military participation, 162–63; assessment of commands by, 168–72; Fort Fisher campaigns of, 152–60, 157; at Northeast Station, 166–67; Wilmington, campaign against, 161, 163–66
Terry, Thomas, 235
3rd South Carolina Infantry (21st USCT), 61
Thirteenth Amendment, 11, 252, 262
13th Annual Symposium on Democracy (Kent State University), 12
30th United States Colored Troops (USCT), 121–23, 132, 143
39th United States Colored Troops (USCT), 115, 121, 123
Thomas, Henry G., 117
Thomas, Lorenzo, 90, 151, 161, 168
Thomas, William Hannibal, 148
Thropp, James S., 235
Tibbs, Philip Sheridan, 256, 257
Tibbs, Qualls, 163, 164, 244, 252, 256, 257
Tibbs, Sarah, 238–39
Tieman, E. C., 239
Tod, David: on African American enlistment and recruitment, 44, 45, 60, 72, 89; on African American martial service, 34, 39, 89; Blackman and, 86; on draft quotas, 2, 40–42; on military pay policy, 43, 61–63; on officer selection, 85–86
Tod Barracks (Columbus), 68, 231
Trimble, Allen, 17
Turner, Clementine, 225
Turner, Rev. Henry McNeal, 171, 205
Turner, Phoebe Jane, 225
XXV Army Corps, 7, 149–53, 160, 166, 168, 198
25th U.S. Colored Infantry, 264
XXIV Army Corps, 149, 153, 156, 170
24th U.S. Colored Infantry, 264
27th United States Colored Troops (USCT): Battle of Goldsboro, 171; Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road, 139–40; Battle of the Crater, 116–26; Battle of the Wilderness, 105–6; Bermuda Hundred, campaign against, 142, 150–52; commanding officers of, 87–89, 97–98; community and family support for, 211–15; fatigue duty of, 102–4, 106–7, 109–11, 115–16, 140, 166–70, 171–72; Fort Fisher, second campaign, 154–60; guarding of Battery Buchanan, 160–62; guidon of, 96; Hatcher’s Run, First Battle of, 142–46; health of soldiers in, 102, 111–14, 127–29, 177–81; locations of service, 103; marching orders of, 97–98, 100–102, 108–9, 170–71; medical care for, 181–85; military justice for, 126–27, 185–202 (see also military justice); military performance of, 129–31, 162–63; music and, 208–11; mustering out by, 176 (see also muster-in of 27th USCT); occupation of North Carolina by, 174–76; overview, 136–39; pay for, 202–4; Petersburg campaign, 111–14, 149; at Piney Branch Church, 107; regimental flag of, 95; reorganization of, 141–42, 148–50, 152–53, 173; spirituality of, 204–8; Wilmington, campaign against, 163–66. See also veterans
23rd United States Colored Troops (USCT), 104, 107, 110, 118, 132, 141, 163
Union Party, 32, 33, 34, 38, 42, 75, 169
United Brethren of Christ (Pike County, Ohio), 25
United States Army Collection, 8
United States Bureau of Colored Troops: on African American recruitment, 39, 42, 141; creation of, 41; officer appointment requirements by, 3, 83–84, 85, 88, 141; restructuring of, 43; training recommendations and, 89–90. See also individual regiments of USCT
United States Christian Commission (USCC), 115, 185
United States Colored Troops (USCT): commemoration of, 261. See also individual regiments of USCT
United States General Hospital (Fort Monroe, Va.), 212
United States General Hospital (Smithville, N.C.), 176, 184
United States Sanitary Commission (USSC), 115, 167, 178, 181, 182, 185
U.S. Constitution: Fifteenth Amendment, 3, 6, 11, 222–23, 262–63, 266; Fourteenth Amendment, 3, 5–6, 11, 220, 237, 262–63, 266; Thirteenth Amendment, 11, 252, 262
U.S. Pension Bureau (Bureau of Pensions), 82, 215, 224, 231–42, 258. See also federal benefits, for veterans
U.S. War Department, 2. See also Stanton, Edward M.
Vallandigham, Clement L., 33, 74
veterans, 216–59, 260–67; back pay for, 217–19; benefits for, 229–43 (see also federal benefits, for veterans); community support for, 211–15; employment options for, 226–28; financial parity for, 224–25; fraternal organizations of, 263–64; health concerns of, 228–33; public education reforms promoted by, 225–26; social clubs for, 246–51, 263–64; social identity of, 219–24, 261–63. See also commemoration, of veterans
Vickers, Amos H., 64
Vicks, Mary, 239
Vinovskis, Maris A., 6
violence, against free African Americans: Fort Pillow Massacre, 88, 95–96, 97, 100, 124, 181, 187; New York draft riots, 38; in Ohio cities, 22, 29, 30, 31; as prisoners of war, 77, 89, 94–96, 98–99, 126–27, 185–90. See also individual names of battles
Visible Admixture Law (Ohio) (1858), 26, 222
volunteerism and recruitment: bounties for, 65–68; community support for, 36–37, 46–47; for defense of Cincinnati, 35–36; demographics of volunteers, 47–53; Emancipation Proclamation effect on, 37–38; federal draft and, 70–71; first volunteers, 28–30; motivating factors for enlisting, 53–61; pay policy and, 61–65; politics of, 32–34, 47; public opinion of, 30–31, 74–75; recruitment campaigns, 39–45, 72–77; runaway slaves and, 34–35; substitute enlistees, 40, 48–52, 67–71, 77, 141, 192
W. A. Brand Post 98 (Urbana, Ohio), 247
Wade, Exum, 72
Wakefield, Joseph J., 81, 147–48
Walker, Houston, 194
Walker, Ludwell, 78
Walker, Sarah, 238–39
Wall, Albert, 39
Wall, John, 39
Wallace, Lewis, 35
Walter, William, 61
Ward, George W., 180
Ward, Jeremiah, 116
Waring, Rev. William, 28
Warren, Gouverneur K., 113, 116, 133–35, 139, 144–45
Warren, Jerry, 121
Warren, Rev. John A., 206
Washington, Charles, 185
Washington, George, 166
Washington, John, 58–59
Washington, Versalle F., 5
Watts, John, 196
Waud, Alfred R., 120
Weaver, Elisha, 32
Weekly Anglo-African (New York), 46–47, 53
Weitzel, Godfrey, 145, 149, 166
Weld, Francis M.: enlistment motivation of, 88, 181–82, 190; letters and diary of, 8, 159, 179; on pension evidence, 235; photo, 128; as USCT surgeon, 127–28, 137, 144, 151, 154, 179–82, 184
welfare of veterans. See federal benefits, for veterans
Western Christian Advocate (Cincinnati), 56
Western Reserve (Ohio), settlers of, 8, 18, 20, 26, 27, 39
White, Chilton A., 39
White, John D., 51
White, Philip, 210–11
White, Rev. Garland, 130
Whitfield, James, 144
Whiting, William, 202
Whiting, William H. C., 156, 158–59, 162
Whitington, Harriet, 252
Whitman, Walt, 100–101
Wicker, Rachel Ann, 198
Wilberforce University (Ohio), 21, 28
Wilderness (Va.), Battle of the, 105–6
Willard Hotel (D.C.), 100–101
Willcox, Orlando B., 119, 138, 143
William Anderson Post 244 (Washington Court House, Ohio), 248, 251
Williams, Charles L., 183
Williams, George Washington, 4, 260–61, 267
Williams, Henry, 212–13
Williams, M. J., 67
Willis, John, 193
Wilmington (N.C.), capture/occupation of, 152–53, 161–66, 169–71, 173–76, 180, 184, 256
Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, 166–67, 170–71
Woods, David, 239
Woods, Mary, 239
Woodson, Charles F., 91, 100, 137
Wormley, Lawrence K., 183–84
Wright, Charles J., 115, 121, 122, 123–24
Wright, Elias, 165
Wright, Emily, 240
Wright, Warren, 240
Wyatt Post 716 (Circleville, Ohio), 248
Xenia Sentinel (Ohio), 73
Young, Daphne, 225
Young, Eliza, 225
Young, George, 224–25
Young, James, 224–25
Young, Sarah, 225
Young Ladies Seminary (Fayetteville, N.C.), 184
Younger, Catherine, 22
Younger, Charles, 22
Younger, Simpson, 4, 5, 22, 51, 265
Younger v. Judah (1892), 265