CHAPTER 1. THE DAWN HORSE
1 George Simpson, Attending Marvels (New York: Time Inc, 1962), 82.
2 Thomas and Leonard Huxley, Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley (London: Macmillan, 1913), 203.
3 Melanie Pruvost et al., “Genotypes of Predomestic Horses Match Phenotypes Painted in Paleolithic Works of Cave Art,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2011).
4 David Meltzer, “The Pleistocene Colonization of the New World,” California Academy of Sciences (2003), 30.
CHAPTER 2. RETURN OF A NATIVE
1 Matthew Liebmann, Revolt: An Archaeological History of Pueblo Resistance and Revitalization in 17th Century New Mexico (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2012), 37.
2 John C. Duval, Early Times in Texas (Austin, TX: H. P. N. Gammel & Co., 1892), 12.
3 Mark Van Doren, 100 Poems (New York: Hill and Wang, 1967), 38.
4 J. Frank Dobie, The Mustangs (New York: Bramhall House, 1952), 34.
5 The Memorial of Fray Alonso de Benavides, 1630 (Albuquerque, NM: Horn & Wallace, 1965).
6 E. Douglas Branch, Hunting of the Buffalo (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1929), 24.
7 William W. Dunmire, New Mexico’s Spanish Livestock Heritage: Four Centuries of Animals, Land, and People (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2013), 43.
8 Ibid., 43.
9 John C. Kwelts, The Horse in Blackfoot Indian Culture (Washington, DC: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1955), 9.
10 A Song for the Horse Nation (Washington, DC: National Museum of the American Indian, 2011), xxii.
11 Richard K. Young, The Ute Indians of Colorado in the Twentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 23.
12 Kenneth Kidd, Blackfoot Ethnography (Peterborough, ON: Trent University, 1937).
13 George Ruxton, Adventures in Mexico and the Rocky Mountains (London: John Murray, 1847), 101–2.
14 Régis de Trobriand, The Life and Mémoirs of Comte Régis de Trobriand (New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1910), 344.
15 Dobie, The Mustangs, 63.
16 George Catlin, Illustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Conditions of the North American Indians (London: H. G. Bohn, 1857), 66.
17 George Catlin, Letters and Notes, vol. 2, no. 42 (1841; reprint, New York: Dover, 1973).
18 John Ewers, Horses in Blackfoot Culture (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1980).
19 Dobie, 100.
20 The Journal of Jacob Fowler (1898; reprint, Minneapolis: Ross & Haines, 1965).
21 Stephen Harding Hart and Archer Butler Hulbert, The Southwestern Journals of Zebulon Pike (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2007), 236.
22 Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant (New York: Charles L. Webster & Co, 1885), 28.
23 Agricultural, Stockraising, and Industrial Association of Western Texas, A Brief Description of Western Texas (San Antonio: Herald Steam Printing House & Bindery, 1872), 44.
24 Dobie, 108–9.
CHAPTER 3. THE DOG-FOOD DECADES
1 “Round-up, Ground-up,” Time, June 17, 1929.
2 Rockford: The Pet Food Story, 1923–1987 (Rockford Pet Foods Division, Quaker Oats Company), 3.
3 Robert W. Eigell, “Rounding Up Canners for the Corned Beef and Cabbage,” Montana, vol. 36, no. 4 (Autumn, 1986).
4 Washington Irving, A Tour of the Prairies (New York: John W. Lovell Co., 1832).
5 Dobie, 219.
6 Zebulon Pike, Exploratory Travels through the Western Territories of North America (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, 1811), 367.
7 Dobie, 141.
8 Vernon Louis Parrington, Main Currents in American Thought, vol. 3 (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1954), 23.
9 Bernard DeVoto, The Western Paradox (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001).
10 Dobie, 316.
11 New York Times, May 3, 1888.
12 New York Times, January 27, 1889.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 New York Times, July 27, 1896
16 “A Recent Letter from Sargent, Kansas,” Saline County Journal, March 5, 1879.
17 Colorado Transcript, May 26, 1897.
18 “War on Horses,” New York Times, December 26, 1884.
19 San Francisco Call, December 26, 1903.
20 Wallace’s Monthly, vol. 15 (1888), p. 39.
21 “To Hunt Wild Horses in Nevada,” San Francisco Examiner, November 21, 1894.
22 Ibid.
23 Breckenridge Bulletin, Colorado, October 28, 1899.
24 Overton Johnston and William H. Winter, Route across the Rocky Mountains with a Description of Oregon and California, etc., 1843 (1846; reprint, Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society, vol. 7, no. 3 (September, 1906).
25 Rocky Mountain Sun, July 7, 1894.
26 “The Horse Hunters,” New York Times, August 18, 1912.
27 Ibid.
28 San Francisco Call, March 30, 1902.
29 “Troops Refused Forestry Bureau,” Lompoc Journal, November 21, 1908.
30 “Urge War Against Herds of Wild Horses,” Los Angeles Herald, 1908.
31 Eureka Sentinel, 1927.
32 “New Game for Hunters,” New York Times, July 18, 1920.
33 “Horse-meat,” New York Times, July 25, 1895.
34 New York Times, September 23, 1928.
35 “Wild Horses of the West Are Vanishing,” New York Times, February 10, 1935.
36 “Expect to Round Up 5,000 Wild Horses,” New York Times, July 23, 1929.
37 “Buck High Old Paint,” New York Times, June 3, 1994.
38 Russell Lord, “The Mustang Returns to Europe in Tin Cans,” The Cattleman, October, 1928.
39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 “In Serious Condition,” Rockford Republic, December 5, 1925.
42 “World Famous Ken-L Ration Is Made Here,” Rockford Daily Republic, April 7, 1930.
43 Dobie, 329.
CHAPTER 4. PRINT THE LEGEND
1 Washington Irving, A Tour of the Prairies (London: Bell & Daldy, 1866), 96.
2 Ibid., 73.
3 “Frontier Yarns” Putnam’s Monthly Magazine of American Literature, Science, and Art, vol. 8, no. 47 (November, 1856).
4 Ibid.
5 Herman Melville, Moby-Dick (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851), 181.
6 Dobie, 148.
7 James A. Henretta, Kevin J. Fernlund, and Melvin Yazawa, Documents in American History, vol. 2 (Macmillan, 2011), 161.
8 Letter quoted in display at Zane Grey Museum, Lackawaxen, PA.
9 Zane Grey, The Last of the Plainsmen (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1911), 105.
10 Dolly and Zane Grey, Letters from a Marriage (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2008), 5.
11 “The Evolution of the CowPuncher,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, vol. 91 (1895).
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Owen Wister, The Virginian, a Horseman of the Plains (Macmillan, 1902), 4.
CHAPTER 5. WILD HORSE ANNIE
1 Popular Mechanics, October, 1938.
2 “Wild West Showdown,” Sports Illustrated, May 5, 1975.
3 Dobie, 331.
4 Hope Ryden, America’s Last Wild Horses (New York: Lyons & Burford, 1990), 226.
5 David Cruise and Alison Griffiths, Wild Horse Annie and the Last of the Mustangs (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010), 41.
6 “Wild West Showdown,” Sports Illustrated, May 5, 1975.
7 Cruise and Griffiths, 66.
8 Ibid., 75.
9 Territorial Enterprise, June 13, 1952.
10 “A Devoted Few Fight to Save Wild Horses,” New York Times, November 15, 1970.
11 Nevada State Journal, February 27, 1955.
12 “The Mustang’s Last Stand,” Reader’s Digest, July 1957.
13 Walter Barring obituary, Las Vegas Review-Journal, February 7, 1999.
14 Judiciary Committee, House of Representatives, “Treatment of Wild Horse and Burros on Land Belonging to the United States,” Congressional Record, July 15, 1959.
15 Cruise and Griffiths, 126.
16 “Treatment of Wild Horse and Burros on Land Belonging to the United States.”
17 Ryden, 227.
18 Cruise and Griffiths, 238.
19 “One Man’s Fight to Save the Mustangs,” True, April, 1967.
20 Cruise and Griffiths, 239.
21 Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac (New York: Oxford University Press, 1949).
22 J. Brooks Flippen, Nixon and the Environment (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2000), 102.
23 Richard Nixon, Special Message to Congress on Environmental Quality, February 10, 1970.
24 Nowhere to Run, J/Max Films, 1976.
25 Transcript of hearing, “Protection of wild horses and burros on public lands,” Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, April 20, 1971.
26 Senate Interior and Insular Affairs Committee, “Hearing on the Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burros Act of 1971,” Congressional Record, April 19, 1971.
27 Ibid.
28 “Wild West Showdown,” Sports Illustrated, May 5, 1975.
CHAPTER 6. LIFE UNDER THE LAW
1 Ryden, 237.
2 Kleppe v. New Mexico, 1976.
3 “Debate Continues about Future of Wild Horses,” Reno Gazette-Journal, November 3, 1981.
4 “Federal Government to Kill 6,000 Horses,” Santa Cruz Sentinel, July 5, 1981.
5 “BLM Cutting Back Adopt-a-Horse Program Subsidy,” Reno Gazette-Journal, June 25 1981.
6 Improvements Needed in Federal Wild Horse Program, Government Accountability Office, August 20, 1990.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
9 “Ranchers, Protectionists War over Future of Wild Horses,” Los Angeles Times, August 30, 1987.
10 “Report Acknowledges Wild Horses Are Being Slaughtered,” New York Times, January 29, 1997.
11 “Whistleblowers Claim Abuses Run Rampant in Horse Policy,” Christian Science Monitor, August 14, 1996.
12 “Report Acknowledges Wild Horses Are Being Slaughtered,” New York Times, January 29, 1997.
13 “Probe of Wild Horse Slaughter Derailed,” Associated Press, March 23, 1997.
14 Ibid.
15 Bureau of Land Management report: “Administration of the Wild Horse and Burro Program, Tenth Report to Congress, fiscal years 1992 to 1995,” draft version.
16 Bureau of Land Management: Effective Long-Term Options Needed to Manage Unadoptable Wild Horses (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, November 10, 2008).
CHAPTER 7. RANGE WARS
1 Richard Symanski, Wild Horses and Sacred Cows (Outing, MN: Northland Press, 1985), 136.
2 “Nevada Horses, Victims of Man, Nature,” Los Angeles Times, October 19, 1991.
3 “Nevada Justice,” Reno Gazette-Journal, December 25, 1988.
4 “Data Show Few Convictions under Horse Law,” Associated Press, August 11, 1997.
5 “BLM Program Questioned,” Reno Gazette, August 7, 1979.
6 “Agency Padded Report of Convictions under Wild-Free Roaming Horse Act,” Associated Press, November 27, 1997.
7 “George Parman on the Wild Horse Situation,” www.scottraine.com/Parman.htm, retrieved February 3, 2016.
8 “Wild Horses Ensnared in People’s Battles,” New York Times, July 2, 1989.
9 “Public Lands Ranching: Welfare State in the West,” Watershed Messenger, Spring 2002.
CHAPTER 8. ALL THE MISSING HORSES
1 “Trail’s end for horses: slaughter,” Associated Press, January 5, 1997.
2 Statement of Ken Salazar, budget hearing before the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, March 30, 2010.
CHAPTER 9. DISAPPOINTMENT VALLEY
1 Symanski, 208.
CHAPTER 10. A WILD SOLUTION
1 P. D. Greger and E. M. Romney. “High Foal Mortality Limits Growth of a Desert Feral Horse Population in Nevada,” Great Basin Naturalist, no. 59 (1999): 374–379.
2 “Scientists Tracking Mountain Lion to Find Out Impact on Wild Horses,” Reno Gazette-Journal, January 8, 2007.
3 Kelley Stewart, “Characterizing Mountain Lion Distribution, Abundance, and Prey Selection in Nevada,” University of Nevada, USDA report, 2014.
4 Rosalie Edge, “The United States Bureau of Destruction and Extermination: The Misnamed and Perverted ‘Biological Survey,’ ” pamphlet (Emergency Conservation Committee, 1934).
5 “King of the Drove” (McClure and Phillips Co., December 31, 1905). Reprinted in The Daily Times of New Philadelphia, Ohio, January 24, 1907.
6 Leopold, 149.