Subheadings are arranged in alphabetical order. Page numbers in italic denote illustrations.
Page numbers in bold denote information boxes.
Africa
naval warfare round 52, 54, 55
air power at sea
at Dardanelles 134
against submarines 101, 104–105, 186, 196, 199
aircraft
H12 Curtis ‘Large America’ flying boats 101
Short ‘improved’ Type 184
seaplane 102
American Civil War (1861-65) 16, 16, 17, 85
Amethyst, HMS 127
Amiral Ganteaumme 93
Anzac Cove 110–111, 134–135, 136–137
Anzacs see Australia and New Zealand Corps
Arabic 98
Arbuthnot, Rear Admiral Sir Robert 156
Ark Royal, HMS 59
Arkansas, USS 190
artillery and gunnery ashore 15
at Dardanelles 121
problems with British 52, 81, 172–173, 173–174
Australia, HMAS 42
Australia and New Zealand Corps (Anzacs) 128, 131–133
Australian ships 32, 35, 42, 54
Australian submarines 136
Austria-Hungary: Mediterranean naval force 111, 116
Bachman, Admiral 98
Beale, USS 184
Beatty, Vice Admiral Sir David 63, 142
at Jutland 142–143, 147, 148–154, 162, 174
promotions and enoblement 174–175, 185
and surrender of German fleet 217
Belgium 21
Belridge 96
Benbow, HMS 157
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von 94, 99, 183
Birdwood, Lieutenant-General Sir William 131
Birmingham, HMS 89
Bismarck, Prince Otto von 12, 21, 21
Black Prince, HMS 165, 166–167
Blücher, SMS 70, 74, 76–77, 77, 78, 79, 80–81
Boyle, Captain Algernon 166
Bremse, SMS 195
Breslau, SMS 111, 113–115, 113
Brilliant, HMS 209
Britain
19th-century foreign policy 19–21
19th-century ships 11, 13, 17–18
blockade of Germany 94, 171, 182, 195, 211, 216
entente with France (1904) 25
entente with Russia (1907) 25
and fate of German fleet 218, 219
naval arms race with Germany 22–29
see also Royal Navy
Britannia, HMS 199
Brummer, SMS 195
C1 205
Campania, HMS 144
Canopus, HMS 37–38, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45
Cap Trafalgar, SMS 55
Cape Helles 122, 126, 127, 128–133, 132, 136–137, 138
Carden, Vice Admiral Sir Sackville 119–120, 123–124
Carmania, HMS 55
Chanak Kale 119, 120, 127, 138
Charlemagne 122
and control 67
and Dardanelles 117–118, 120, 121, 125, 134
on German Navy 25
and Heligoland Bight 60
on Jellicoe 174
leaves Admiralty 134
and pre-war naval expansion 28, 29
relations with Fisher 26, 62, 134
City of Glasgow, SS 184
Collingwood, HMS 157
commerce raiders 53–55, 188, 195
see also submarines and U-boats
convoys 103, 103, 105–106, 187–191, 192–193, 194–195, 194, 198–199
Cornwall, HMS 44, 46, 47, 50, 50
Cornwallis, HMS 122
Coronel, Battle of (1914) 33, 37–41, 39, 52–53
Cradock, Rear Admiral Sir Christopher 33, 36–41, 54
Crimean War (1853-56) 11–12, 17
Cuxhaven raid (1914) 74
D4 194
Dardanelles and Gallipoli campaign (1915-16) 110–139
geography and defences 118–119, 120, 125
history’s verdict 139
landings 125–133, 129, 132, 135
naval gunfire at 121
depth charges 102, 105, 185, 186, 197
Derfflinger, SMS 75
at Dogger Bank 77
at Jutland 149, 152, 156, 157, 157, 160, 171
mutiny 214
scuttling 219
Dogger Bank, Battle of (1915) 76–83, 78, 83
Dover Straits and barrage 182, 193, 195–198
Dresden, SMS 32, 35–36, 39, 47, 48–49, 49–50, 51
Dublin, HMS 113
Duff, Rear Admiral Sir Alexander 185, 188
E1 92
E6 61
E15 138
E38 179
E42 179
Elbing, SMS 165
Emden, SMS (named for the above) 218
Empress, HMS 74
Engadine, HMS 74, 74, 145, 147–148, 156
English Channel
see Dover Straits and barrage
Europe
map of great powers 10
Evan-Thomas, Rear Admiral Hugh 143, 147, 151–152, 156
Falkland Islands, Battle of the (1914) 31, 43, 44–53, 45, 46, 48
Falmouth, HMS 178
Faulknor, HMS 166
The Fighting Temeraire (Turner) 11
Fisher, Admiral John ‘Jacky’ 26, 116
and Dogger Bank 81
relations with Churchill 26, 62, 134
resigns 134
return to Admiralty 66
Ford N.J. 146
Formidable, HMS 89
Fortune, HMS 165
France
19th-century ships and sea power 11, 12–13, 20, 25
African imperialism 21
entente with Britain (1904) 25
and fate of German fleet 218, 219
Mediterranean naval force 111, 112, 114
Frankfurt, SMS 154
Friedrich der Grosse, SMS 145, 211, 219
G194 61
Gallipoli see Dardanelles and Gallipoli campaign
German Navy
1st Scouting Group 70–75, 77–83, 145, 157
2nd Battle Squadron 162
2nd Scouting Group 145
3rd Battle Squadron 181
armed merchant cruisers 55
cruiser operations 36
High Seas leet at sea 143
High Seas Fleet composition and bases 57–58, 58
High Seas Fleet destroyers 170
High Seas fleet off Heligoland 56–57
initial war dispositions and bases 32
lieutenant-captains 158
Mediterranean Squadron composition and strength 111, 112
North Sea strategy 60
pre-war expansion 21–25, 28–29
surrender and scuttling 215–219
Zeppelin lieutenant-captain 163
Germany
19th-century relations with Britain 20, 21
British blockade 94, 171, 182, 195, 211, 216
declaration of Republic 212, 215
naval arms race with Britain 21–29
Glasgow, HMS
at Falkland Islands and after 44, 46, 47, 50, 51
joins Sturdee’s strike force 42
Glitra 93
Glory, HMS 42
Gneisenau, SMS 31
at Falkland Islands 44, 46, 47, 48–49
Goeben, SMS (later Yavuz Sultan Selim) 111, 113–115, 113, 115
Goodenough, Commodore William 60, 61, 72, 74, 75, 149
Gordon, Andrew 173
Grosser Kurfürst, SMS 160, 162, 179, 219
Hall, Captain Reginald ‘Blinker’ 68, 69, 70
Hamburg Harbour: port protection troops 216
Hamilton, General Sir Ian 125, 126, 128, 131–133, 134, 136
Hampshire, HMS 109
Hampton Roads, Battle of the (1862) 16
Hart, Basil Liddell 139
Harvey, Major Francis 149
Hawke, HMS 89
Heireddin Barbarossa see Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm, SMS
Helgoland, SMS 215
Heligoland 61
Heligoland Bight, Battle of (1914) 60–64, 62
Helles see Cape Helles
Hercules, HMS 13
Hersing, Lieutenant Otto 89
Hesperian 98
Hezlet, Vice Admiral Arthur 193
Highflyer, HMS 55
Hindenburg, Field Marshal Paul von 180
Hipper, Admiral Franz von 64
becomes commander of High Seas Fleet 199, 212
and Heligoland Bight 61
initial command 58
at Jutland 143, 148–149, 150–151, 152, 154, 156–157, 162, 173–174, 175
and Scarborough raid 66, 70, 73–75
and Scheer’s planned last operation 213, 215
Holbrook, Lieutenant Norman 137
Holtzendorff, Admiral Henning von 108, 108, 178, 179–180, 182, 199
Hood, Rear Admiral Horace 143, 154, 156
Hope, Commander Herbert 69
Horton, Lieutenant-Commander Max 91
Indefatigable, HMS 113, 149, 150
Indomitable, HMS 77, 79, 80, 113
armour 15
and Dardanelles 119, 122, 124–125, 127
Ingenohl, Admiral Friedrich von 60, 66, 73, 75, 83
intelligence systems 67–70, 192
Inivincible, HMS 147
at Falklands 42, 43, 46, 48, 49
and Heligoland Bight 60
Invincible-class ships 28
Irresistible, HMS 124, 124, 127
Jackson, Captain Thomas 144–145
Jellicoe, Admiral Sir John Rushworth 59, 152
attitude to Pacific reinforcements 37, 42
Churchill on 174
and convoys 188
and Heligoland Bight 60
and Jutland 142, 145, 154–156, 158–162, 163–168, 174
promotions and enoblement 174–175, 185
and Royal Navy institutional failings 173
Jerram, Vice Admiral Sir Martyn 162
Joule 138
Jutland, Battle of (1916) 141–175
clash of battlefleets 156–162, 159
night movements and Scheer’s escape 163–168
‘run to the north’ 150, 151–156, 154
‘run to the south’ 148–151, 150
‘something wrong with our bloody ships’ 147, 149
verdict and consequences 168–175, 174
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, SMS 55
Kelly, Captain Howard 114
Kent, HMS 44, 46, 47, 50, 51, 51
Keyes, Commodore Roger 211
and Dardanelles 124, 125, 133, 136
and Zeebrugge raid 205–206, 210
Kitchener, Lord 119
Königsberg, SMS 32, 52, 54, 55
Kronprinz, SMS 179
Kronprinz Wilhelm, SMS 214
Kum Kale 122, 126, 127, 128, 138
Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm, SMS (later Heireddin Barbarossa) 135
Leipzig, SMS 35–36, 39, 46, 47, 47, 49–50
Leopard 195
at Jutland 149
Louis of Battenberg, Prince 41, 66
Lowestoft 142
Lupin, HMS 104
Lützow, SMS 149, 153, 156, 157, 168
Mahan, Alfred T. 20, 20, 22, 36, 55, 200–201
Mediterranean Sea
map of theatre 114
U-boat campaigns 107–108, 109, 190, 198
Merrimack see Virginia
Milne, Vice Admiral Sir Archibald Berkeley 112–113, 114, 115
mines and minefields 66–67, 103–104, 192–193, 195–198
Minnesota, USS 199
Moltke, SMS 81
Hartlepool raid 74
scuttling 219
Monarch, HMS 89
Moore, Rear Admiral Sir Archibald 77, 81
Morocco 29
Müller, Captain Karl von 34, 53–54, 53
München, SMS 179
Munro, General Sir Charles 136
Nassau-class ships 23
Nelson, Horatio, Lord 151
Nestor, HMS 149
New Zealand ships 32
Newcastle, HMS 42
Nomad, HMS 149
North Sea: naval bases 58
North Star, HMS 209
Nürnberg, SMS 33, 33, 39–40, 44, 46, 47, 49–50
Oliver, Rear Admiral Sir 67, 69
Onganjira, Battle of (1904) 22
Ostend raid (1918) 203–206, 209–210
Pacific Ocean
maps 34
Penang, Battle of (1914) 35, 54
Pommern, SMS 166
Portugal 21
Posen, SMS 165
Princess Royal, HMS 42, 60, 62, 77, 80, 149
Prinz Albert, SMS 92
Prinz Eitel Friedrich, SMS 55, 55
Prinzregent Luitpold, SMS 24, 211
prize rules 93
Queen Elizabeth, HMS 119, 134, 143
Queen Elizabeth-class ships 143
Queen Mary, HMS 60, 62, 148, 149, 150
R7 187
radio communications 147
Resurgam II 17
Reuter, Vice Admiral Ludwig von 217, 217, 218
Riviera, HMS 74
Robeck, Vice Admiral John de 123–124, 123, 125, 133, 136
Rostock, SMS 165
Royal Marines 119, 121, 205, 208
Royal Navy
1st Battlecruiser Squadron 62, 63
3rd Battlecruiser Squadron 143, 145, 154, 156
5th Battle Squadron 143, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 156, 159, 174
12th Destroyer Flotilla 166
battlecruiser anti-flash protection 172–173
Battlecruiser Fleet composition 142–143, 145
British fleet in 1907 28
Falkland Islands lessons 52
fleets’ composition and bases 57, 58
initial war dispositions and bases 31, 32–33
institutional failings 173, 174
lieutenants 155
Mediterranean Squadron composition and strength 111, 112
Rosyth base established 25
Russia
19th-century relations with Britain 21
19th-century sea power 20
and Dardanelles 116
entente with Britain (1907) 25
submarine development 88
S119 68
St. Vincent, HMS 157
Sanders, Otto Liman von 126–128, 126
Scarborough raid (1914) 66–67, 70–76, 71, 72
Scharnhorst, SMS 32, 33, 36, 38, 40, 46, 47, 48
Scheer, Vice Admiral Reinhard 166
becomes Chief of Naval Staff 199, 212
on Dogger Bank 83
failed attempts on Sunderland 177, 178
at Jutland 142, 143, 145, 148, 149, 150, 157–162, 163–168, 170, 173–174, 175
on naval mutiny 215
plans for last operation 212–214
on scuttling of fleet 219
takes over High Seas Fleet 108, 141–142
and U-boats 95, 108, 109, 179, 181, 200, 212–214
Schwieger, Lieutenant-Commander Walter 97, 99
sea power and victory 217
Sedd el Bahr 116, 122, 127, 131, 138
Serbia 116
at Jutland 149, 152, 156, 157, 166
surrender and scuttling 217, 219
Seymour, Lieutenant-Commander Ralph 151–152
Shark, HMS 154
ships
armoured motor lighters (‘Beetles’) 135
battlecruisers 28, 147, 172–173
battleships 9
German and British pre-war naval expansion 21–29
German armed merchant cruisers 55
see also individual ships and classes by name; and submarines and U-boats
Sirius, HMS 209
sonar 100
Souchon, Rear Admiral Wilhelm 111, 114, 115
South America: map 38
Southampton, HMS 61, 62, 75, 149, 150, 160, 165
Spain 21
Sparrowhawk, HMS 165
Spee, Vice Admiral Maximilian Graf von 32, 32–49
Spitfire, HMS 165
Stettin, SMS 61
Stirling, Captain Anselan 166
Sturdee, Vice Admiral Sir Frederick Doveton 42, 42–51
submarines and U-boats A-class 87
British submarines against warships 177–179
causes of U-boat sinkings 196
countermeasures against U-boats 98, 100–106, 185–195
at the Dardanelles 134, 136, 137, 138
E-class 88
early use against warships 89–92
later stages of U-boat war 195–202
mine-laying U-boats 106
pros and cons 89
and Scheer’s last planned operation 212–215
shipping loss statistics 191
U-boat surrender 201, 216, 219
U-boat weapons 94
U-boats and German naval mutiny 215
U-boats against commerce 93–99, 97, 107–109, 179–185, 191, 195
U-boats sinking 200
and World War II 199
see also individual vessels by number
Suffolk, HMS 54
Sussex 108
Swiftsure, HMS 32
tactics and manoeuvres crossing the ‘T’ 151
Gefechtskehrtwendung (‘battle about-turn’) 158
Temeraire, HMS 157
Thunderer, HMS 166
Thüringen, SMS 215
Tiger, HMS 77, 79, 79, 81, 147, 149
Tipperary, HMS 165
development of German fleet 22–24, 25, 28, 29
influences 20
Trafalgar, Battle of (1805) 151
Triumph, HMS 32, 122, 134, 138
Troubridge, Rear Admiral Ernest 112, 113–114, 115
Turkey
signs armistice 212
Turner, J.M.W.: paintings by 11
Tyrwhitt, Rear Admiral Reginald 60, 61, 216
U-boats
see submarines and U-boats
U4 87
U6 95
U7 95
U8 96
U10 95
U11 107
U12 95
U15 89
U17 93
U18 66
U27 89
U63 178
U66 178
UB29 108
Undine, SMS 92
uniforms
Royal Navy 155
United States
19th-century relations with Britain 20
and fate of German fleet 216, 218
submarine development 88
and U-boats 95, 96, 107, 108, 180, 183
V27, SMS 149
V29, SMS 149
V48, SMS 154
V187, SMS 62
Valiant, HMS 152
Vanguard, HMS 157
Versailles, Treaty of (1919) 200, 219
Vindictive, HMS 205, 206–208, 207, 209, 209
Von der Tann, SMS 77, 149, 150, 157, 214, 219
Warrender, Vice Admiral Sir George 72, 75
Weddigen, Lieutenant-Commander Otto 64, 65, 89
Wemyss, Admiral Sir Rosslyn 216
‘Westerners vs Easterners’ 118
Westfalen, SMS 166, 176–177, 178
Whitby 74
Wiesbaden, SMS 154, 156, 158, 168, 168–169
abdication 215
belief in imperialism 21
increasing caution 64
and U-boat use 94, 108, 181, 183
Wilson, Woodrow 98, 183, 185, 199, 212
Wivern, HMS 12
Wolf 195
Yarmouth 66
Yavuz Sultan Selim see Goeben, SMS
Yorck, SMS 66
Zeebrugge Mole 210
Zeebrugge raid (1918) 203–210, 204, 206, 207
Zeppelins see airships