3D animation 452–453, 459, 461–463
A:shiwi A:wan Museum 130, 435, 439
Aboriginal Arts Board 171, 175–176
Aboriginal Australian 4, 10–12, 19, 131, 168–193, 220, 403, 431–432, 447, 455–456, 465; see also indigenous Australian; Indigenous Australian language preservation; Western Desert Aboriginal communities
Acoma Pueblo 21, 112, 118, 122
Afghanistan 24, 60–62, 85, 89–90, 92, 98
Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs, 1994) 12, 58, 301–302, 306, 375, 377, 408, 411
Alice Springs, Australia 169, 177, 179–180
American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) 118, 181, 183, 402, 439–443
ancestral human remains 222, 226, 361, 363
Antiquities Act (1906) 19, 36, 109
Aotearoa New Zealand 6, 13–14, 83, 157, 164n4, 164n7, 222, 351–372, 403, 473–485
appropriation 2–3, 19, 23, 43, 59–60, 84, 91–92, 130, 151, 156, 160, 196, 208, 219, 224, 226, 238, 243, 245, 253, 296, 303, 346, 378, 473
archaeologically‐rich nations 281, 285–287, 289
archives 8–9, 11, 17, 23, 39, 50, 58–59, 63, 95, 98, 129–132, 168–169, 171–173, 177, 181–183, 194–200, 202–208, , 214, 254, 358, 375, 402, 405–408, 415–416, 419–420, 432, 435, 438, 442–443, 452–456, 459–462, 468; definition 209n1, 461–462
Archives of Traditional Music at Indiana University (IUATM) 198, 200–201, 205–207
associated funerary objects (AFOs) 110, 115–116, 123, 135–138, 140–141, 144–146, 149, 161
Atalay, Sonya 137, 143, 149, 435–436
Australia 3–4, 10–11, 18–19, 79, 131, 168–193, 238, 431–433, 435, 447–448, 452–472
Australian National University (ANU) 181–183, 188
authenticity 9, 110, 197, 259–262, 164, 272, 344, 384, 405–407, 410
authorship 182–183, 187, 235, 264, 272, 306, 432, 437, 442–444, 447
Bab adh Dhra’ tomb, Jordan 234, 282–284, 287
belongings 19, 36, 130, 134, 157–159, 163, 217, 352–353, 355–356, 359, 363, 366, 432, 437–438, 445, 448
bicultural(ism) 157, 164n4, 353–354, 358, 360, 363, 366–367, 459
bilateral agreements 35, 37, 41, 73–78, 70, 82–83, 94, 290, 301, 377
biocultural diversity 374, 380–383, 388
British colonies and colonization 6, 156, 298, 300, 304, 357–358
British Columbia, Canada 14, 20, 22, 152–167, 213–215, 217–222, 436
British Museum 2, 20, 22, 41–42, 51, 431–434, 447–448
Canada 16, 23, 35, 76, 79–82, 84, 86, 130, 132, 152, 154–155, 157, 159, 212–215, 225, 296, 300, 445–446
Canberra, Australia 173–174, 179, 183, 431
Central Australia 131, 171, 183, 188
Chaudhury, Bikram 405, 407, 411–412
Chichen Itzá, Mexico 239, 241, 245
China 76, 78, 83, 234, 258–276, 320; art/heritage 234, 261–262, 264–265, 269–270; civilization 259, 263, 267; Han Chinese 259, 261, 268, 272; Imperial China 259–261, 264, 266–267
classical Rome 3, 70, 77, 241, 260
Clifford, James 130, 391, 433, 437
Coatlinchan 234, 239–248, 250–253
Cold War 23, 56, 58, 244, 296, 299, 327
collaboration and collaborative encounters 20, 50–51, 111–112, 130–131, 157–158, 168, 175–176, 186–188, 220, 223, 402–403, 431–451, 453
collections 1, 6, 8–9, 11–12, 14, 19–23, 40–42, 55–59, 108–112, 114–118, 129–131, 131–137, 146–147, 157, 195–196, 209n1, 243–245, 261–263, 266–271, 431–439, 443–444, 447–448
collective memory 234, 258, 402
colonialism 1, 4, 21, 40, 71, 86, 130, 142–143, 156, 223, 233–234, 278, 286, 299, 311, 341, 354, 445, 456, 460
Confucian teaching and moral ideology 259–261, 265–266, 270, 272
contact zone 130, 366, 376, 434, 437
Coombe, Rosemary 39, 239, 285, 313, 418, 421
Council of Europe 45, 317, 321–322, 328
CPIA bilateral agreement 71–78
Crown Recognised Iwi Organisations (RIOs) 360–361, 363, 369
cultural affiliation 111, 113, 115–120, 136, 138–147, 149, 325
cultural heritage 2, 5, 8–11, 18–19, 34–36, 38–40, 43–51, 98–100, 102, 108–110, 158–160, 221, 214–215, 221, 227n1, 238, 242, 254n7, 258–260, 279–291, 305–306, 313, 317, 319–322, 324–326, 328–331, 339–341, 346, 371, 375, 383, 388, 390, 433–434, 438, 440, 443–444, 446–447; threats to and protection of 54–69, 70–88
cultural institutions see archives; collections; museums
cultural patrimony 20, 34, 55, 72, 74, 110, 113–114, 119–121, 123, 134, 136–137, 142, 148–149, 158–159, 161, 218–219, 226, 448
Cultural Property Advisory Committee 74, 361, 461
Cultural Property Export and Import Act (CPEIA) 79–81
Cultural Property Implementation Act (CIPA, 1982) 35, 61, 71, 94
cultural property: and the Bible 339–350; and collective rights 4–5, 21, 305, 386, 401–402; and copyright 4, 9–11, 162, 180, 182, 235, 296, 300, 304–306, 402, 405–407, 411–413, 438, 441, 443–444, 460; cultural property protection (CPP) 90–103; and cultural rights 35, 54, 129, 163, 195, 342, 376, 378, 380, 382, 385, 388; definition 1, 5, 8–10, 23, 36, 50, 72, 79, 108, 214–216, 304, 317, 347, 418; and human rights 4, 10, 35, 54–55, 62, 66, 111, 113, 116, 135, 148–149, 327–331, 377, 379–381; and identity politics 2, 38, 312, 315–338, 346; indigenous cultural property 181, 212–231, 250, 461; and indigenous rights 4–5, 186–187, 222, 344, 375, 379–381, 386–388, 477; and individual rights 4–5, 13, 21; and legal ownership 18, 20, 22 33, 157, 163, 173, 186, 205, 207, 223, 267, 313, 363, 432, 440, 442–444; legislation 18, 33, 36–37, 234; and modernity 233–234, 258, 296, 307, 386; and ownership of 4–7, 9–10, 12–16, 18–23, 34–35, 38, 45, 49, 110, 113–114, 117, 119, 129, 131–132, 155–159, 163, 168, 173, 182, 186–187, 195, 197, 199, 201–208, 216, 221, 223, 235, 241, 243, 249, 258–260, 265, 268–269, 278, 282, 286, 288, 290, 321, 339–340, 342–343, 352, 363, 366, 403, 405–410, 412, 416, 418, 432–434, 438, 440–445, 447–478, 460, 474–476; and personhood 3, 5, 7, 261, 265, 271, 373, 376–380; policy 2, 11, 33, 35–36, 101, 130, 305; as political theory 4–6, 311; and politics of recognition 21, 239, 313; and property rights 4, 6, 10, 12–13, 35, 181, 208, 221, 238, 268, 328, 363, 377, 473; and resistance 34, 38, 141, 313, 323, 375, 377; and science 40, 49, 130, 135–136, 221, 296, 298–300, 419–421, 435; and sovereignty 1, 4, 6, 7, 10–11, 15, 34–35, 38–44, 48–51, 113, 214, 237–238, 260, 285, 295–296, 311–313, 315–318, 329–331, 373–375, 402–403; tangible and intangible 3, 11, 130, 132, 158–159, 213, 221–222, 242, 262, 264, 272, 418; and third space 7, 402, 430; trafficking of 16, 18, 35–36, 64, 72, 95; as western epistemology 212, 225–226, 261, 272, 300, 343, 386, 391, 432
cultural protocols 11, 158, 171, 219, 222
culturally unidentifiable (CUI) 117, 121, 131, 135–136, 138, 140, 149
culture: definition 1, 11, 14, 129, 187, 285, 305, 311–313, 315, 319–322, 380; as soft power 317, 320, 326–331
customary law 41, 225, 278, 378, 381, 388
Cyprus 76, 78, 83, 282, 319, 323
Daesh 10, 24, 35, 63, 89–94, 96, 98–101
decolonization 22–23, 51, 235, 297–298, 386, 390, 443, 459–461; decolonising methodologies 460, 467
Denver Art Museum (DAM) 152, 154, 156, 163
digital: collections 434; repatriation and e‐patriation 23; technology 22, 196
dreaming, the 454, 457–459, 464, 470n18
Dunlop, Ian 168–171, 173–174, 176, 179, 181–183, 186–187
Egypt 76, 80–81, 83, 90, 282, 289, 290
Elgin Marbles see Parthenon Sculptures
Enlightenment 3, 5, 41, 215, 233, 299–300
ethnographic collections 22, 130, 194, 196, 245; archivists of 194–197, 207–208, 209n1, 443
ethnographic film 170, 181, 184, 439, 440; see also film
ethnographic music see ethnomusicology
ethnographic objects 71, 80, 85, 86, 149
ethnomusicology 131, 199–205, 207
European Economic Community (EEC) 315, 320, 331n1
European Parliament 315, 318, 324, 328
European Union (EU) 87n3, 312, 315–338; culture and cultural policy 315–317, 320, 323–324, 327, 330; EU bodies 317, 328–329; and European heritage 280, 315, 320–321; and European identity 316, 319, 322, 326–327, 330; Europeanization 316–317, 323; motto “Unity in Diversity” 320, 322, 329
evangelical Christianity 288, 312, 340–341
Faro Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (2005) 45, 321, 328–329
film 89, 100–101, 130–131, 142, 168–188, 196, 198–200, 310, 358, 363, 402, 407–408, 412, 415–417, 438–445, 447–448, 455–456, 466
Film Australia 170–171, 181–182
First Nations peoples 12, 22, 42, 130, 152, 157, 159–163, 215–217, 220–223, 285, 366–367, 369, 436, 444–447
forensic practice/methods 23, 402, 419–421
Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) 378, 381, 388
fundamentalist or literalist biblical belief 340–343, 345
Geographical Indication status 34, 305, 374, 405, 407–409, 412
Germany 16–17, 49, 55–59, 78–79, 81, 303, 305, 311, 316, 318–319, 322, 326, 340, 413
global patrimonial field 38–40, 48, 50
global South 296–297, 300, 302–304, 313, 329, 373, 379
governmentality 18, 34, 38, 41, 48, 169, 316, 373–374, 378, 382–383, 385–386, 388, 390
Greece 3, 41–42, 51, 83, 85, 110, 262, 277, 325, 355
guardianship 14, 23, 157, 164n4, 473, 479
Hague Conventions (1899, 1907, and 1954) 7–10, 19, 33, 35, 39–40, 44, 55, 57–62, 64, 90–93, 101, 108, 214, 220, 279, 285, 290, 303, 340; and definition of cultural property 8, 59, 72, 92, 347n2
hapū 353, 355–356, 359, 361, 363, 369, 474, 477, 481–483
Harvard University 118, 135–139, 141–149
heritage: definition 214, 227n3; heritage discourse 250, 258–261, 319, 321, 330–331, 387; “heritage industry” 44, 258, 260; and management 213–214, 218, 220–223, 225, 287, 374, 380, 387; see also indigenous heritage
Heritage Conservation Act, British Columbia (1996) 200, 214–215
Hindu American Foundation 405, 407, 410
Hopi Nation 21, 34, 118, 122, 143
human remains 20–21, 109–118, 121, 123, 130–131, 134–140, 142–149, 161, 211, 222–223, 226, 361, 365, 419–420, 448
humanitarian law 35, 56, 66, 70
India 47, 85, 402, 405–417; government of 405, 407, 409, 412
Indiana University 136, 144–145
indigeneity 38, 222, 238, 250, 362–366, 369, 381, 389–390
Indigenous Australian 168, 174, 180, 431, 447, 452, 456, 459, 460, 462–463, 467; language preservation 452–472; see also Aboriginal Australian
indigenous heritage 213, 218–221, 223, 226, 243
informational capitalism 373–374, 381, 386, 390
intangible cultural heritage 9, 11, 44, 46, 158–159, 214–215, 340–341, 344, 346, 373, 375, 406–407
intellectual property (IP) 6, 10–12, 38, 41, 168, 199–200, 204–208, 213–215, 223, 226, 235, 258, 264, 295–309, 329–331, 342, 344, 373, 401–403, 405, 407, 412, 432, 442–444, 452–453, 460–461, 468; IP law 10, 208, 235, 295–297, 300–307, 373–384, 402, 432, 442–443, 460
Intellectual Property Issues in Cultural Heritage (IPinCH) 158, 213, 221–223
Inter‐Allied Declaration against Acts of Dispossession committed in Territories under Enemy Occupation or Control (1943 London Declaration) 57–61, 65
International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS) 91–94
International Council of Museums (ICOM) 65, 93, 102, 213
International Criminal Court (ICC) 60, 140, 142
international cultural property 12, 33, 36, 64, 258, 261, 303
international law 3, 17–18, 35, 39, 54–60, 70, 83, 90–91, 242, 312, 324, 376, 380
International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg 35, 55, 57–60, 66
invented tradition 379, 402, 406–407, 413
Iraq 35, 54–55, 60–66, 76, 78, 81, 86, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98–102, 277, 282
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) see Daesh
iwi 313, 353, 358–361, 363–365, 367–369, 479–483
Japan 73, 85–86, 160, 261–262, 389
Jew/Jewish 2, 17, 19, 21, 34, 55–58, 340, 401
Jordan 90, 94, 104n4, 282–284, 290, 340
kaitiaki 473–474, 477, 479–480, 482
kaitiakitanga 164n4, 363, 473, 479–483
Kintore, Northern Territory, Australia, 172–173, 175–176, 178–180, 184
Kiwirrkura, Western Australia 171–173, 175–176, 178–179, 182, 184–185, 188
Latin America 381–384, 386, 388
Laura Boulton Collection of Traditional and Liturgical Music (LBCTLM) 131, 198, 200–208
Library of Congress 198, 204–207
Libya 85, 89–90, 92, 95–96, 101
li‐Yanyuwa li‐Wirdiwalangu elders group, Northern Territory, Australia 452–454, 458, 469
looting 8, 16–18, 20–21, 33, 35–36, 54–57, 60–64, 65, 66, 70–72, 78, 81, 83, 85–86, 89–102, 115, 243, 267, 269, 279–282, 285, 287, 290, 324, 339
Maastricht Treaty 315, 320, 327
mana 353, 355–356, 360, 363, 366–369, 475
Māori 6, 157, 164n4, 313, 351–372, 403, 473–485; Iwification of 353, 361–362, 368–370
Massachusett tribes 130, 139, 141–142
Merryman, John 3, 12, 284, 287, 401
Metropolitan Museum of Art 20, 100, 437
Mexico 41, 234, 237–258, 380; Mexican patrimonio 234, 237, 240, 242, 253; Mexican state 234, 237–239, 242–243, 245, 249, 252, 253; Mexico City 41, 240, 242–244, 248, 250, 253
Michigan Anishinaabek Cultural Preservation and Repatriation Alliance tribes (MACPRA) 142–144
Middle East 81, 86, 234, 277–294, 326
Middle East–North Africa (MENA) region 36, 89–107
Mighty River Power 473–475, 478–481
Monash Country Lines Archive (MCLA) 452–453, 459–463, 467–468
Monash University 452, 460–461
movement of objects 234, 278–279, 281, 284–286, 289–291
Museum of Anthropology, University of British Columbia 157, 220, 248, 367, 436–437
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa) 157, 164n4, 354, 360–361, 363, 369–370, 477
museums 1–2, 11–14, 17–22, 39, 46, 101, 110, 115–116, 121–122, 135–143, 146–150, 157–161, 217, 237–238, 258, 260–261, 263–264, 267–270, 280, 288–290, 304, 352–354, 358–369, 418, 434–438, 442–446; museological practice 261, 431–434
Musqueam First Nation 157, 217, 220, 367, 436, 444
National Anthropology Museum, Mexico 238, 244–245, 250
national cultural property 19, 37, 238, 245, 248, 251, 253, 258
National Film and Sound Archives (NFSA) 181–183
National Institute of Anthropology and History, Mexico (INAH) 237–238, 242–243, 245
National Museum of the American Indian 40, 116, 136, 434, 437, 441
National Museum of the American Indian Act (1989) see National Museum of the American Indian
national property 2, 7, 239, 253
National Science Foundation 97, 100, 144, 209
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) 20–21, 36–37, 40, 42–43, 108–127, 130, 134–151, 434, 436, 448; Disposition of Culturally Unidentifiable Native American Human Remains (2010 NAGPRA regulations) 117, 121, 136, 140; NAGPRA Review Committee 114, 117, 122, 136–137, 141–144, 146, 148
Native American remains 111, 148–149
Native Northwest Coast see Northwest Coast tribes
Nazi 17, 35, 55–58, 64, 66, 70, 91, 303, 340
Netherlands 35, 57, 84, 86, 298
New England tribes 141–142, 146
New Zealand see Aotearoa New Zealand
Ngāti Whakaue 352–354, 361, 364, 366, 369
Nipmuc Nation 130, 138, 141, 144
non‐federally recognized tribes 115, 138, 142, 145, 148–149
Northwest coast of Canada and the USA see Northwest Coast tribes
Northwest Coast tribes 138, 142, 149, 152, 154, 158–159, 163, 436
Nuremberg Tribunal see International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg
Nuxalk Nation 131, 152, 154–156, 158–164
Ottoman Empire 41, 278, 282, 288–290
Papunya Tula Artists company 171, 175–176, 179, 181–182, 188, 190n20
Parthenon Sculptures 2, 41, 42, 44, 49, 51, 110
patriotic education 234, 258, 270
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 118, 141–142, 156
Penn Museum see University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
Penobscot Nation 144, 147, 444
Peru 2, 76–78, 81, 83, 379, 383–384, 388–389
possessive individualism 3–5, 156, 239
Post Settlement Governance Entities (PSGEs) 361, 363, 369
postcolonial 38, 49, 51, 224, 239, 296–300, 377, 386
potlatch 14, 20, 22, 155, 161–162
pre‐Hispanic culture and remains 234, 237–243, 245, 248, 250–253
property: definition 3, 4, 21; law (cultural and intellectual) 4, 7, 10, 12, 14, 19–21, 36, 208, 235, 239–240, 295–297, 303–307, 402, 431, 442–443; legislation 18, 33, 36, 234; protection and recovery 90–93, 95–96, 100–103; theory 3–4, 6–7, 401
public domain 6, 218, 223, 283, 346, 375, 443–444
rangatira 356–357, 359, 361, 367
Remembering Yayayi 176, 182–183, 188; see also Yayayi, Northern Territory, Australia
repatriation 20–23, 40, 43, 49, 51, 110–124, 130–131, 134–150, 159, 161–163, 168, 171, 195–196, 207–208, 215, 218, 222, 238, 253, 269–270, 285, 287, 291, 358, 382–383, 432–434, 448
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity 43–44, 46–47, 340
restitution 2, 16–17, 21–23, 34–35, 40–43, 56, 58–61, 303, 402; definition of 21
Saginaw Chippewa Ziibiwing Center for Anishinabe Culture and Lifeways 22, 143, 444
San Miguel Coatlinchan 234, 239–240, 243–253
Seattle 131, 152, 155, 158–164
Seattle Art Museum (SAM) 131, 152, 154–156, 158, 160–164
Seattle Seahawks 152, 154, 163
Second World War 8, 10, 16, 21, 23–24, 33–35, 40, 49, 55–59, 70, 91, 298–301, 303, 355, 357–358, 364, 401
self‐determination 22, 169–171, 173–178, 182–186, 379–383, 389, 438
settler‐colonies and settler‐colonial nation‐states 23, 40, 42, 313, 352
Shalako Ceremonial at Zuni, New Mexico 439, 440, 442
Shalako Film Revisited 438, 439–441, 443, 447
Smithsonian 116, 118, 131, 136–137, 219, 413
Spain 23, 241, 298, 401, 418–430
Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) 23, 402, 419
special interest groups (SIGs) 90, 101–103
Sq’éwlets Band of Sto:lo Nation, Canada 219–220, 222, 436, 444–447; see also Sto:lo First Nation
stewardship 14, 49, 113, 119, 157–158, 207, 221, 375, 383, 389, 447, 481
Sto:lo, British Columbia 219, 220, 222, 436, 444–445; see also Sq’éwlets Band of the Sto:lo Nation, Canada
Super Bowl 131, 152, 154, 158–159
Surya Namaskars 406, 411, 413–414
Switzerland 17, 35, 58–59, 78, 82–83
Syria 24, 35, 54–55, 60, 63–64, 66, 76, 81, 83, 89–90, 92, 95, 98–101
tangihanga 353, 362, 364–366, 368
taonga 6, 13, 157, 164n4, 351–356, 358–361, 363–369, 403, 473, 476–477, 479, 482–483
Te Maori 352–354, 358, 360–364, 367
technologies of governmentality 34, 38, 41, 50
technology of reformation 39, 43, 45–48, 50–51
terra nullius 3–4, 15, 298–299, 301
tino rangatiratanga 355–356, 359, 365, 369
Tlacuaches 240, 246, 249, 250–253, 254n6
Torres Strait Islander see Aboriginal Australian
traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) 15, 1, 208, 376–379
traditional knowledge (TK) 5, 11, 48, 114–115, 218, 221–223, 226, 212–213, 324, 326, 329–331, 342–346, 373, 378, 401–402, 405, 407–408, 437–438, 444, 446; Traditional Knowledge (TK) Labels 373, 375, 379, 438, 447; Traditional Knowledge Digital Library 405, 407–408
Treaty of Waitangi (1840) 352–353, 355–356, 358–360, 364, 474, 476–477, 481
Turkey 16, 83, 277–278, 282, 289–290
U’mista people 20, 22, 230, 436
UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects (1995) 12, 35, 65, 78, 83–86, 90
United Kingdom (UK) 17–18, 62, 78, 84–86, 91, 94, 312, 325, 433
United Nations (UN) 8–10, 40, 54–88, 61, 63, 109, 342, 347n5; Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007) 5, 109, 124, 341–342, 363; Sanctions Committee 64, 66, 94; Security Council 35, 54–55, 60–65, 76, 81, 98, 101; Security Council Resolutions 35, 60–61, 64, 76, 81; UNSCR trade controls 58, 98, 100–101, 103, 104n5
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 9, 10–12, 15–16, 30, 33–48, 59–65, 70–88, 90, 92–95, 98, 100–103, 108, 215, 234–235, 248–250, 258–262, 268, 272, 277–294, 303, 319, 321, 326, 328, 331, 339–345, 347n2, 376, 388, 407; Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Materials (1950 UNESCO Agreement) 279–280, 286; Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) 9, 43, 242, 303; Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) 9, 215, 340–342, 344, 375; Convention on the Means of Prohibiting the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970) 9, 33, 35, 43, 61–62, 64, 70–88, 90, 93–94, 101, 104, 234, 242, 272, 278–279, 281–282, 284, 290, 303; language of 234, 279–282, 286; Recommendation Concerning the International Exchange of Cultural Property (1976 UNESCO Recommendation) 282, 284, 286; Recommendation on International Principles Applicable to Archaeological Excavations (1956 UNESCO Recommendation) 280–282, 284, 286; World Heritage Convention 43–44, 51, 262, 387; World Heritage site or listing 24, 43–44, 250, 258–262, 319, 326, 328, 387–388
University of British Columbia (UBC) 157, 220, 436
University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass) 134, 136, 139, 141, 145, 147
University of Michigan 136, 143, 145, 198–200, 206
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology 277–278, 289
US Congress 64, 71, 78, 115–117, 122, 140, 142, 214, 242
US Department of Homeland Security 64, 73, 77–78
US Senate 71–73, 87n2, 115–116
US State Department 21, 64–65, 77
Vancouver, Canada 156–157, 161, 217, 367
video see film
Waitangi Tribunal 6, 359–360, 474, 476
Wampanoag Repatriation Confederation 135, 142, 146, 150
Western Desert Aboriginal communities 168, 170, 174, 177–178, 185, 188; see also Aboriginal Australian; indigenous Australian
whenua 355–356, 359–361, 367–369, 477, 481–482
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 9–11, 34, 213–214, 301–302, 313, 329, 342–343, 345, 347n5, 378–379, 384
World Trade Organization (WTO) 12, 301–302, 306, 408
World War Two see Second World War
WWII see Second World War
Yanyuwa animation project 452, 454, 456, 458–459, 463, 467
Yayayi, Northern Territory, Australia 169–176, 178–179, 181–188; see also Remembering Yayayi
Yoga: asanas 405–408, 411, 413–417; “Yoga: The Art of Transformation” 406, 408, 413, 416
Yukon First Nations 217, 221, 225
Zuni 21, 110, 114, 118–119, 219, 402, 435, 438–443, 445, 447