CONTENTS

1. Cover
2. Half Title
3. Title Page
4. Copyright Page
5. Table of Contents
6. List of figures
7. Acknowledgements
8. List of contributors
9. 1. Introduction
   1. The many faces of cultural property
   2. Genealogies of cultural property
   3. Cultural property as political theory
   4. The nation and other collectives
   5. Codifying cultural property
   6. From the Hague to UNESCO
   7. Cultural property and intellectual property
   8. Cultural property and the market
   9. Disciplinary engagements as sites of meaning
   10. The museum life of cultural property
   11. Cultural property into the future
   12. Acknowledgements
   13. Bibliography
10. PART I: Legal ordering of cultural property
    1. 2. Heritage vs. property: Contrasting regimes and rationalities in the patrimonial field
       1. Nominalism
       2. Cultural property as a technology of sovereignty
       3. Cultural heritage as a technology of reformation
       4. Different patrimonialities
       5. Bibliography
    2. 3. The criminalisation of the illicit trade in cultural property
       1. Introduction
       2. Lessons from the 1930s and Second World War
       3. Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria: illicit traffic in the twenty-first century
       4. Conclusion
       5. Notes
       6. Bibliography
    3. 4. Implementation of the 1970 UNESCO Convention by the United States and other market nations
       1. Introduction
       2. Implementation by the United States
       3. Implementation by other market countries
       4. Conclusion
       5. Notes
       6. Bibliography
    4. 5. Protection not prevention: The failure of public policy to prevent the looting and illegal trade of cultural property from the MENA region (1990–2015)
       1. Introduction
       2. Cultural property protection policy failure
       3. Cultural property protection policy instruments and actions
       4. The criminalization of the illegal trade in cultural property
       5. The securitization of the illegal trade in cultural objects
       6. The endgame: Daesh and the destruction of cultural property
       7. Conclusion: Policy and policy making
       8. Acknowledgements
       9. Notes
       10. Bibliography
    5. 6. A paradox of cultural property: NAGPRA and (dis)possession
       1. NAGPRA: A national attempt to address Indigenous cultural dispossession
       2. NAGPRA in action
       3. Key concepts in the law
       4. Legislative history: Negotiation and compromise
       5. Indigenous perspectives
       6. Conclusion
       7. Notes
       8. Bibliography
11. PART II: Museums, archives and communities
    1. 7. NAGPRA, CUI and institutional will
       1. Introduction
       2. A brief overview of NAGPRA
       3. Defining “CUI” ancestors
       4. Institutional will and retentive philosophy: Examples from Indian Country
       5. Impediments and best practices
       6. Concluding remarks
       7. Notes
       8. Bibliography
    2. 8. Betting on the raven: Ethical relationality and Nuxalk cultural property
       1. Section one: The wager of the Nuxalk raven forehead mask
       2. Changing relations between Indigenous people and museums
       3. Section two: Resetting relations
       4. Postscript
       5. Acknowledgments
       6. Notes
       7. Bibliography
       8. Personal communications
    3. 9. Whose story is this? Complexities and complicities of using archival footage
       1. Introduction
       2. Commonwealth film
       3. Stage 1: Self-determination and rights in representation
       4. Retake: Engaging in repatriaton
       5. How to mobilize an archive
       6. Is there a film?
       7. Making the film: Collaboration in principle and practice
       8. Circulation: Authors and other owners
       9. Screenings
       10. Memories
       11. Conclusion
       12. Acknowledgements
       13. Notes
       14. Bibliography
       15. Filmography
    4. 10. The archive of the archive: The secret history of the Laura Boulton Collection
       1. Introduction
       2. The archive of the archive: Documenting the documentarians
       3. The courtship of Laura Boulton
       4. After 1965: Determining the meaning of ownership
       5. After Boulton: The Indiana Agreement and the end of ownership
       6. Conclusion
       7. Acknowledgments
       8. Notes
       9. Bibliography
    5. 11. Touching the intangible: Reconsidering material culture in the realm of Indigenous cultural property research
       1. Introduction
       2. Heritage as material bound
       3. When cultural property is immaterial
       4. Challenges associated with Indigenous cultural property
       5. Good practices with (other people’s) cultural property
       6. Not unwrapping the sacred bundle
       7. Conclusions
       8. Acknowledgements
       9. Notes
       10. References
12. PART III: Local histories
    1. 12. On the nature of Patrimonio: “Cultural property” in Mexican contexts
       1. Introduction
       2. How pre-Hispanic remains became the “cultural” property of the nation
       3. Who owns Mexico’s ancient past?
       4. Making patrimonio in Coatlinchan
       5. Material ecologies of patrimonio
       6. Conclusions
       7. Acknowledgements
       8. Notes
       9. Bibliography
    2. 13. Making and unmaking heritage value in China
       1. Making heritage value
       2. Making, remaking and collecting material heritage
       3. Collecting practice as self-cultivation
       4. The history of collecting and the concept of wenwu
       5. The art market and private museum boom in contemporary China
       6. Collecting practices as a symbol of taste and class in contemporary China
       7. Collection, collecting and collectors
       8. Concluding remarks
       9. Acknowledgements
       10. Notes
       11. Bibliography
    3. 14. Object movement: UNESCO, language, and the exchange of Middle Eastern artifacts
       1. The language of UNESCO and movement
       2. Object movement: Bab adh Dhra’, Jordan
       3. To move or not to move: Cultural internationalists and cultural nationalists
       4. How objects move
       5. Object movement: The legal market for antiquities in Israel
       6. Moving objects, language, and UNESCO
       7. Acknowledgements
       8. Bibliography
    4. 15. Cultures of property: African cultures in intellectual and cultural property regimes
       1. Introduction
       2. Colonial orders in the postcolonial age
       3. The intellectual terra nullius
       4. Global economic power in the age of information
       5. Cultural property: Alternative or backwater?
       6. Cultures of property in Ghanaian intellectual and cultural property laws and policies
       7. Conclusion
       8. Note
       9. Bibliography
13. PART IV: Cultural property beyond the state
    1. 16. Culture as a flexible concept for the legitimation of policies in the European Union
       1. Introduction
       2. Dimensions of legitimation
       3. Between unity and diversity
       4. Cooperation and mutual understanding
       5. Common heritage as enabler of national cultural sovereignty
       6. Culture and economic policies
       7. Culture as “soft power”
       8. Conclusion: Flexible culture, cultural property, and the EU
       9. Acknowledgements
       10. Notes
       11. Bibliography
    2. 17. The Bible as cultural property? A cautionary tale
       1. Introduction
       2. Many types of “traditional knowledge” or only one?
       3. The danger of an authorized version
       4. Acknowledgments
       5. Notes
       6. Bibliography
    3. 18. Being pre-Indigenous: Kin accountability beyond tradition
       1. Being Native
       2. Being Māori
       3. Being Iwi
       4. Being Indigenous
       5. Being pre-Indigenous
       6. Acknowledgements
       7. Note
       8. Bibliography
    4. 19. Frontiers of cultural property in the global south
       1. Introduction: Political economies and political ecologies of cultural properties
       2. Neoliberal governmentalities and cultural communities
       3. Property and personhood at the intersection of globalization and autonomy
       4. Environmental conservation and the “biocultural turn” in heritage management
       5. Protecting possessive attachments: Legal pluralism and new ontologies of property
       6. Conclusion
       7. Acknowledgments
       8. Bibliography
14. PART V: New and experimental forms of cultural property
    1. 20. Who owns yoga?: Transforming traditions as cultural property
       1. Yoga, in the contemporary
       2. Yoga as India’s cultural property
       3. Whose yoga? “Not Hindu enough”
       4. Whose yoga? “Too Hindu for school”
       5. Who owns yoga’s copyright?
       6. Yoga and the art of modern transformations
       7. Notes
       8. References
    2. 21. Bones, documents and DNA: Cultural property at the margins of the law
       1. Images of recuperation: photographs of the Spanish historical memory movement
       2. Acknowledgements
       3. Notes
       4. Bibliography
    3. 22. Collaborative encounters in digital cultural property: Tracing temporal relationships of context and locality
       1. Introduction
       2. Collaborative encounters
       3. Temporality and spirituality in collaboration: The Shalako Film Revisited
       4. Collaborative formations of control and ownership of digital cultural property
       5. Reciprocal and informed sharing of cultural property
       6. Conclusion: The collaborative transit of cultural property
       7. Acknowledgements
       8. Bibliography
    4. 23. Animating language: Continuing intergenerational Indigenous language knowledge
       1. Introduction
       2. Importance of learning Indigenous languages
       3. Monash Country Lines Archive strategies for decolonization
       4. Animation language and country
       5. Connecting country and animation
       6. Conclusion
       7. Notes
       8. Bibliography
    5. 24. Ancestors for sale in Aotearoa-New Zealand
       1. Privatising the electricity companies
       2. Māori gather to debate the issues
       3. Māori understandings of natural resources
       4. Mighty River Power in New Zealand
       5. Energy-driven relationships with Māori
       6. Kaitiakitanga in the twenty-first century
       7. Conclusion
       8. Notes
       9. Bibliography
15. Index

List of figures

Acknowledgments

List of contributors

1    Introduction

Jane Anderson and Haidy Geismar

PART I

Legal ordering of cultural property

Jane Anderson and Haidy Geismar

2    Heritage vs. property: Contrasting regimes and rationalities in the patrimonial field

Valdimar Tr. Hafstein and Martin Skrydstrup

3    The criminalisation of the illicit trade in cultural property

Ana Filipa Vrdoljak

4    Implementation of the 1970 UNESCO Convention by the United States and other market nations

Patty Gerstenblith

5    Protection not prevention: The failure of public policy to prevent the looting and illegal trade of cultural property from the MENA region (1990–2015)

Neil Brodie

6    A paradox of cultural property: NAGPRA and (dis)possession

Susan Benton

PART II

Museums, archives and communities

Museums, archives and communities

7    NAGPRA, CUI and institutional will

D. Rae Gould

8    Betting on the raven: Ethical relationality and Nuxalk cultural property

Jennifer Kramer

9    Whose story is this? Complexities and complicities of using archival footage

Fred Myers

10    The archive of the archive: The secret history of the Laura Boulton Collection

Aaron Fox

11    Touching the intangible: Reconsidering material culture in the realm of Indigenous cultural property research

George P. Nicholas

PART III

Local histories

Jane Anderson and Haidy Geismar

12    On the nature of Patrimonio: “Cultural property” in Mexican contexts

Sandra Rozental

13    Making and unmaking heritage value in China

Shu-Li Wang and Michael Rowlands

14    Object movement: UNESCO, language, and the exchange of Middle Eastern artifacts

Morag M. Kerse

15    Cultures of property: African cultures in intellectual and cultural property regimes

Boatema Boateng

PART IV

Cultural property beyond the state

Jane Anderson and Haidy Geismar

16    Culture as a flexible concept for the legitimation of policies in the European Union

Stefan Groth and Regina F. Bendix

17    The Bible as cultural property? A cautionary tale

Aaron Fox

18    Being pre-Indigenous: Kin accountability beyond tradition

Paul Tapsell

19    Frontiers of cultural property in the global south

Rosemary J. Coombe

PART V

New and experimental forms of cultural property

Jane Anderson and Haidy Geismar

20    Who owns yoga?: Transforming traditions as cultural property

Sita Reddy

21    Bones, documents and DNA: Cultural property at the margins of the law

Lee Douglas

22    Collaborative encounters in digital cultural property: Tracing temporal relationships of context and locality

Jane Anderson and Maria Montenegro

23    Animating language: Continuing intergenerational Indigenous language knowledge

Shannon Faulkhead, John Bradley and Brent McKee

24    Ancestors for sale in Aotearoa-New Zealand

Marama Muru-Lanning

Index

1. Cover
2. Table of Contents

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