Table of Contents

1. Cover
2. Foreword
3. Introduction: The Extent, Decadence and Surge of Development Aid through the Media
4. List of Acronyms
5. 1 International Communication and Arab Countries: Studies on Media Development and Media Geopolitics
   1. 1.1. Communication for development in France: an imported subdiscipline?
   2. 1.2. Development and geopolitics: two distinct matters?
   3. 1.3. In the beginning: (Arab) media and development
   4. 1.4. Academic publications on Arab media: from scarcity to profusion
   5. 1.5. Arab media: from official speeches to the domination of the Anglo-American pragmatic school
   6. 1.6. The 2000s: renewal of research or “Al Jazeerazation” of the academic literature?
   7. 1.7. The uninhibited liberalization of the media
   8. 1.8. An interest in Arab public opinion, a rarity of work on audiences
   9. 1.9. Has the media and development relationship been abandoned to think-tanks in the Internet age?
   10. 1.10. The renewal of a field of study or journalism for the development of investigative journalism
6. 2 The Obsolescence of Classical Theories of International Communication
   1. 2.1. Modernization by the media or “westoxification”?
   2. 2.2. Development is not an exportable product
   3. 2.3. The dependency theory
   4. 2.4. Impetus for a NWICO
   5. 2.5. The “too sage” report of the Sages
7. 3 The Information Society or the Liberal Remodeling of Development Theories
   1. 3.1. A global trend: the paradigm of a more “inclusive” information society
   2. 3.2. Progress: an accounting measure?
   3. 3.3. Arab countries in the “information society”
   4. 3.4. Young graduates – and connected in a precarious economic context
   5. 3.5. The use of digital media and social networks
   6. 3.6. The advertising market, between certain delay and rapid growth
8. 4 In the Field: Liberalization Under the Control of Governments and Businessmen
   1. 4.1. Businessmen and the media in Egypt: a typology
   2. 4.2. Reforms and routines
   3. 4.3. The confluence of the media
9. 5 The “Arab Street” in the Press: a Specific Frame of the South
   1. 5.1. From public opinion to the “Arab street”
   2. 5.2. The “Arab street” in the French press: presentation of general trends
   3. 5.3. Original matrices and perspectives for the appreciation of the “Arab street”
   4. 5.4. The use of “Arab street” in the press: from the beginning to today
   5. 5.5. The media “spawning” of September 11, 2001
   6. 5.6. 2011: revolutions and the Arab street
   7. 5.7. Conclusion: the Arab street, Arab “revolutions” and “embedded” social movements
10. 6 Geopolitics of the Arabic-speaking Media and Politics of Influence
    1. 6.1. Media geopolitics in the Middle East and North Africa: radio propaganda warfare
    2. 6.2. From the Gulf War to 9/11 as triggers for new media geopolitics
    3. 6.3. Paradigm shifts in cooperative action in the field of media and journalism
    4. 6.4. Public policies under pressure
11. 7 Cooperation and Training of Journalists in the Digital Media Era
    1. 7.1. “All equal in the face of innovation?”
    2. 7.2. Training of journalists in Arab countries
12. 8 Development Policy and Journalism: Between Standards Competition and Cooperation
    1. 8.1. Different visions and cooperation agencies
    2. 8.2. Cooperation policies “from the bottom up”
    3. 8.3. Media development assistance: the convergence of practices and standards
    4. 8.4. Concerted actions and expertise: the case of Canal France International
    5. 8.5. Conclusion
13. Conclusion
    1. From representations to Arab “revolutions”
    2. (Re)thinking development through the media
    3. Geopolitics of the media in the Mediterranean: a multipolar space
    4. Pragmatic and inclusive cooperation
    5. Journalism: a privileged field
    6. As close as possible to the public
    7. Three types of difficulties
14. References
15. Index
16. End User License Agreement

List of Tables

1. Chapter 3
   1. Table 3.1. Rate of computer equipment in various Arab countries
   2. Table 3.2. Youth literacy rate
   3. Table 3.3. ICT Development Index
   4. Table 3.4. Languages used on the Internet in the different Arab countries
   5. Table 3.5. Uses of social networks in Arab countries (trends)
2. Chapter 6
   1. Table 6.1. Foreign Arabic-language news channels
3. Chapter 8
   1. Table 8.1. Evolution of BBC Media Action’s budget (in millions of £)
   2. Table 8.2. BBC Media Action budget by financial backer
   3. Table 8.3. IMS budget, 2015
   4. Table 8.4. CFI budget from 2009 to 2015

List of Illustrations

1. Chapter 1
   1. Figure 1.1. Number of publications on the Al Jazeera channel
   2. Figure 1.2. Number of books published on Al Jazeera in different languages
2. Chapter 3
   1. Figure 3.1. Access to the world’s communications media
   2. Figure 3.2. Computer-equipped households in Arab countries and around the world
   3. Figure 3.3. Youth unemployment. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste...
   4. Figure 3.4. Advertising revenues by medium in 2015. N.B. The figures for the reg...
3. Chapter 5
   1. Figure 5.1. Reference universe (or frequent co-occurrences) of the expression “A...
   2. Figure 5.2. Occurrences of “Arab street” (rue arabe) in the French press. For a ...
   3. Figure 5.3. Occurrences of the expressions “Arab public opinion” and “Arab stree...
   4. Figure 5.4. International media events with a link to Arab countries
   5. Figure 5.5. Occurrences of “Arab street” in the New York Times
   6. Figure 5.6. Occurrences of “Arab street” in the English press
   7. Figure 5.7. Occurrences of “public opinion” and “Arab street” in the American ne...
   8. Figure 5.8. Occurrences of “Arab public opinion” in the French news media
4. Chapter 7
   1. Figure 7.1. Online newspaper use in some Arab countries
   2. Figure 7.2. Screenshot CFI Media Cooperation
5. Chapter 8
   1. Figure 8.1. BBC Media Action budget by financial backer
   2. Figure 8.2. DDK, 2012 – relative shares of the various financial backers
   3. Figure 8.3. IMS Budget, 2015 For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co...
   4. Figure 8.4. Communication from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the usa...

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