Contents

Foreword by

Introduction

1    A brief history of the global ‘war on drugs’

       Early laws against opium

       Prohibition of alcohol in the US

       The history of cannabis prohibition

       US prohibition goes global

       Then the 1960s happened...

       Nixon launches his war on drugs

       The end of the global drug-war consensus

2    Counting the costs of 50 years of drug war

       Chasing the illusion of ‘a drug-free world’

       Why the war on drugs threatens public health

       Bringing high-risk drug use into prisons

       Wasting billions, undermining economies

       Banks and the illegal drug trade

       Undermining human rights

       Undermining peace and security

       Are there any benefits?

3    What would a post-drug-war world look like?

       Why the goal should be to reduce harm

       Regulation: the pragmatic middle-ground

       How to regulate

       How drugs would be accessed

       Five ways to regulate supply

       Institutions for regulating non-medical drug markets

       Addressing key concerns around legalization and regulation

              Will legalization mean more drug use?

              Are developing countries able to deal with the regulatory challenge?

              What will all the criminals do?

4    Drug-law reform in practice around the world

       Why decriminalization and legalization should not be confused

       High-level UN support

       Decriminalization in Portugal

       Cannabis legalization and regulation around the world

              Early trends in Colorado

              Uruguay: the first country to legalize cannabis

       Legal heroin?

              Switzerland’s successful experiment

       Innovative approaches to other drugs

5    Obstacles to reform – and how to negotiate them

       Why has the war on drugs proved so resilient?

       Shifting the political cost-benefit analysis

       Finding champions

       Telling human stories

             Anyone’s Child

       The moment for change has arrived

Resources

Index