Table of Contents
About This Book Foolish Assumptions Conventions Used in This Book How This Book Is Organised Part I: Let’s Get This Country Started Part II: 1820s to 1900: Wool, Gold, Bust and then Federation Part III: The 20th Century: New Nation, New Trajectories Part IV: 1930 to 1949: Going So Wrong, So Soon? Part V: 1950 to 2010: Prosperity and Social Turmoil Part VI: The Part of Tens Icons Used in This Book Where to Go from Here
Part I: Let’s Get This Country Started Part II: 1820s to 1900: Wool, Gold, Bust and then Federation Part III: The 20th Century: New Nation, New Trajectories Part IV: 1930 to 1949: Going So Wrong, So Soon? Part V: 1950 to 2010: Prosperity and Social Turmoil Part VI: The Part of Tens
Chapter 1: Aussie, Aussie, Aussie When Oldest Meets Newest Getting ahead in the convict world Leaping into the big time with wool Gold, Gold, Gold for Australia Welcoming in male suffrage Striving for the ‘workingman’s paradise’ Solving the Problems of the World (By Keeping Out the World) Now for War, Division, Depression and More War Joining the Empire in the war Dreaming of ‘Australia Unlimited’ Getting hit by the Great Depression . . . . . . And another war The Postwar Boom Broom Breaking Down the Fortress Australia Mentality Opening up the economy Opening up the borders (mostly) Entering the New Millennium Chapter 2: First Australians: Making a Home, Receiving Visitors Indigenous Australians Settling in early Life in Aboriginal Australia History without books Trading with the neighbours Visitors From Overseas Maccassan fishermen Portuguese and Spanish navigators Lost Dutch traders and wandering explorers Chapter 3: Second Arrivals and First Colonials ‘Discovering’ the Great Southern Land Finding the right men for the job Setting (British) eyes on New South Wales The Brits are Coming! Quick! New settlement required Pushing for a settlement in NSW Picking a winner: NSW it is! Settling Botany Bay Getting there with the First Fleet The human material: Who were these people? Holding Out at Sydney Using convicts as guards Issuing ultimatums (and being ignored) Soldiering on regardless New Colony Blues Second Fleet horrors Courting disaster with the interlopers Then the rest of the world goes bung Chapter 4: Colony Going Places (With Some Teething Troubles) Rising to the Task: The NSW Corps Steps Up Setting up trading monopolies The ascendancy of the ‘Rum Corps’ Upsetting the reverends Ruling with Goodhearted Incompetence: Governor Hunter Ending the trading monopoly game A government store with empty shelves Handing out land higgledy-piggledy Hunter’s wheels fall off King Came, King Saw, King Conquered — Kind Of Diversifying trade and production Ending the rum trade (well . . . points for trying) Pardoning convicts Fixing up the mess Choosing Bligh for the job Bligh gets down to business Bligh’s end Chapter 5: A Nation of Second Chances Macquarie’s Brave New World Converting Macquarie Living under the Macquarie regime Macquarie’s Main Points of Attack Pushing expansion Conciliating (and pursuing) Indigenous Australians Re-ordering a town, re-ordering convict behaviour Becoming a Governor Ahead of His Time Stirring up trouble with the free folk Creating outrage back home Big World Changes for little NSW Coping with the deluge following Waterloo Britain starts paying attention again (unfortunately!) Bringing back terror Big Country? Big Ambitions? Bigge the Inspector? Big Problem! Recognising Macquarie’s Legacy
When Oldest Meets Newest Getting ahead in the convict world Leaping into the big time with wool Gold, Gold, Gold for Australia Welcoming in male suffrage Striving for the ‘workingman’s paradise’ Solving the Problems of the World (By Keeping Out the World) Now for War, Division, Depression and More War Joining the Empire in the war Dreaming of ‘Australia Unlimited’ Getting hit by the Great Depression . . . . . . And another war The Postwar Boom Broom Breaking Down the Fortress Australia Mentality Opening up the economy Opening up the borders (mostly) Entering the New Millennium
Getting ahead in the convict world Leaping into the big time with wool
Welcoming in male suffrage Striving for the ‘workingman’s paradise’
Joining the Empire in the war Dreaming of ‘Australia Unlimited’ Getting hit by the Great Depression . . . . . . And another war
Opening up the economy Opening up the borders (mostly)
Indigenous Australians Settling in early Life in Aboriginal Australia History without books Trading with the neighbours Visitors From Overseas Maccassan fishermen Portuguese and Spanish navigators Lost Dutch traders and wandering explorers
Settling in early Life in Aboriginal Australia History without books Trading with the neighbours
Maccassan fishermen Portuguese and Spanish navigators Lost Dutch traders and wandering explorers
‘Discovering’ the Great Southern Land Finding the right men for the job Setting (British) eyes on New South Wales The Brits are Coming! Quick! New settlement required Pushing for a settlement in NSW Picking a winner: NSW it is! Settling Botany Bay Getting there with the First Fleet The human material: Who were these people? Holding Out at Sydney Using convicts as guards Issuing ultimatums (and being ignored) Soldiering on regardless New Colony Blues Second Fleet horrors Courting disaster with the interlopers Then the rest of the world goes bung
Finding the right men for the job Setting (British) eyes on New South Wales
Quick! New settlement required Pushing for a settlement in NSW Picking a winner: NSW it is!
Getting there with the First Fleet The human material: Who were these people?
Using convicts as guards Issuing ultimatums (and being ignored) Soldiering on regardless
Second Fleet horrors Courting disaster with the interlopers Then the rest of the world goes bung
Rising to the Task: The NSW Corps Steps Up Setting up trading monopolies The ascendancy of the ‘Rum Corps’ Upsetting the reverends Ruling with Goodhearted Incompetence: Governor Hunter Ending the trading monopoly game A government store with empty shelves Handing out land higgledy-piggledy Hunter’s wheels fall off King Came, King Saw, King Conquered — Kind Of Diversifying trade and production Ending the rum trade (well . . . points for trying) Pardoning convicts Fixing up the mess Choosing Bligh for the job Bligh gets down to business Bligh’s end
Setting up trading monopolies The ascendancy of the ‘Rum Corps’ Upsetting the reverends
Ending the trading monopoly game A government store with empty shelves Handing out land higgledy-piggledy Hunter’s wheels fall off
Diversifying trade and production Ending the rum trade (well . . . points for trying) Pardoning convicts
Choosing Bligh for the job Bligh gets down to business Bligh’s end
Macquarie’s Brave New World Converting Macquarie Living under the Macquarie regime Macquarie’s Main Points of Attack Pushing expansion Conciliating (and pursuing) Indigenous Australians Re-ordering a town, re-ordering convict behaviour Becoming a Governor Ahead of His Time Stirring up trouble with the free folk Creating outrage back home Big World Changes for little NSW Coping with the deluge following Waterloo Britain starts paying attention again (unfortunately!) Bringing back terror Big Country? Big Ambitions? Bigge the Inspector? Big Problem! Recognising Macquarie’s Legacy
Converting Macquarie Living under the Macquarie regime
Pushing expansion Conciliating (and pursuing) Indigenous Australians Re-ordering a town, re-ordering convict behaviour
Stirring up trouble with the free folk Creating outrage back home
Coping with the deluge following Waterloo Britain starts paying attention again (unfortunately!) Bringing back terror
Chapter 6: Getting Tough, Making Money and Taking Country Revamping the Convict System Putting the terror back into the system . . . and the system back into the terror Bringing in the settlers Bringing in the enforcers Getting Tough Love from Darling Running into staffing issues Going head-to-head with the press Coming up against calls for representation Putting it all down to a personality clash Enduring Tough Times from Arthur Concentrating on punishment and reform Recording punishments in the system Fighting bushrangers and Tasmanian Aborigines Hitting the Big Time with Wool and Grabbing Land Opening up Australia’s fertile land Adding sheep, making money Fighting the land grab Chapter 7: Economic Collapse and the Beginnings of Nationalism Bubble Times: From Speculative Mania to a Big Collapse Working the market into a frenzy Investing in land with easy credit Ducking for cover as the economy collapses Picking up the pieces after the implosion Moving On from Convictism British calls to end convict ‘slavery’ Ending transportation to NSW Feeling the effects of ending transportation Van Diemen’s Land hits saturation point Feeling the First Stirrings of Nationalism Britain tries turning the convict tap back on Britain offers exiles instead Protecting Indigenous Australians — British Colonial Style Attempting to protect the Aborigines New possibility on Merri Creek Same old tragedy on Myall Creek Chapter 8: The Discovery of Gold and an Immigration Avalanche You want gold? We got gold! Discovering gold (and going a little crazy) Introducing order and hoping for calm Adding a gambling mentality to the mix Working Towards the Workingman’s Paradise That Eureka Moment Rumblings of discontent Tensions boil over The Arrival of Self-Government Votes for a few men Votes for many men Suffrage goes rogue Unlocking the Arable Lands Moving the squatters Making new laws for new farmers Dealing with squatter problems Facing up to non-squatter problems Chapter 9: Explorers, Selectors, Bushrangers . . . and Trains Explorer Superstars Seeking thrills in the great unknown . . . . . . Then making the unknown known Sturt and Leichhardt Go Looking Sturt — have boat, will walk Leichhardt also walks . . . right off the map The Great Race — Stuart versus Burke and Wills Seeing the back of Burke, losing Wills Super Stuart — just a pity he’s drunk Selectors and Bushrangers Moving on from the selectors’ dust heap Bushranging nation Ned Kelly: Oppressed Selector’s Son or Larrikin Wild Child? Kelly’s key events The man in the iron mask Growing Towards Nationhood . . . Maybe A telegraph to the world It’s raining trains Chapter 10: Work, Play and Politics During the Long Boom The ‘Workingman’s Paradise’ Continues Growth brings jobs Workingwomen’s paradise too Workers’ Playtime Beating the English at cricket New codes of football The Big Myth of the Bush: Not So Rural Australia Rearranging the Political Furniture Charting new colonial directions Intervening in the economy Chapter 11: The Economy’s Collapsed — Anyone for Nationhood? From Boom to Bust The bubble before the pop And now for a big collapse Three strikes and we’re out — industrial turmoil Birthing the Australian Labor Party From little things . . . Two Australian halves of a Labor story Labor politicos and Labor unionists — the struggle begins! New Nation? Maybe. Maybe Not. Why Federation happened How Federation happened Three men who made Federation happen
Revamping the Convict System Putting the terror back into the system . . . and the system back into the terror Bringing in the settlers Bringing in the enforcers Getting Tough Love from Darling Running into staffing issues Going head-to-head with the press Coming up against calls for representation Putting it all down to a personality clash Enduring Tough Times from Arthur Concentrating on punishment and reform Recording punishments in the system Fighting bushrangers and Tasmanian Aborigines Hitting the Big Time with Wool and Grabbing Land Opening up Australia’s fertile land Adding sheep, making money Fighting the land grab
Putting the terror back into the system . . . and the system back into the terror Bringing in the settlers Bringing in the enforcers
Running into staffing issues Going head-to-head with the press Coming up against calls for representation Putting it all down to a personality clash
Concentrating on punishment and reform Recording punishments in the system Fighting bushrangers and Tasmanian Aborigines
Opening up Australia’s fertile land Adding sheep, making money Fighting the land grab
Bubble Times: From Speculative Mania to a Big Collapse Working the market into a frenzy Investing in land with easy credit Ducking for cover as the economy collapses Picking up the pieces after the implosion Moving On from Convictism British calls to end convict ‘slavery’ Ending transportation to NSW Feeling the effects of ending transportation Van Diemen’s Land hits saturation point Feeling the First Stirrings of Nationalism Britain tries turning the convict tap back on Britain offers exiles instead Protecting Indigenous Australians — British Colonial Style Attempting to protect the Aborigines New possibility on Merri Creek Same old tragedy on Myall Creek
Working the market into a frenzy Investing in land with easy credit Ducking for cover as the economy collapses Picking up the pieces after the implosion
British calls to end convict ‘slavery’ Ending transportation to NSW Feeling the effects of ending transportation Van Diemen’s Land hits saturation point
Britain tries turning the convict tap back on Britain offers exiles instead
Attempting to protect the Aborigines New possibility on Merri Creek Same old tragedy on Myall Creek
You want gold? We got gold! Discovering gold (and going a little crazy) Introducing order and hoping for calm Adding a gambling mentality to the mix Working Towards the Workingman’s Paradise That Eureka Moment Rumblings of discontent Tensions boil over The Arrival of Self-Government Votes for a few men Votes for many men Suffrage goes rogue Unlocking the Arable Lands Moving the squatters Making new laws for new farmers Dealing with squatter problems Facing up to non-squatter problems
Discovering gold (and going a little crazy) Introducing order and hoping for calm Adding a gambling mentality to the mix
Rumblings of discontent Tensions boil over
Votes for a few men Votes for many men Suffrage goes rogue
Moving the squatters Making new laws for new farmers Dealing with squatter problems Facing up to non-squatter problems
Explorer Superstars Seeking thrills in the great unknown . . . . . . Then making the unknown known Sturt and Leichhardt Go Looking Sturt — have boat, will walk Leichhardt also walks . . . right off the map The Great Race — Stuart versus Burke and Wills Seeing the back of Burke, losing Wills Super Stuart — just a pity he’s drunk Selectors and Bushrangers Moving on from the selectors’ dust heap Bushranging nation Ned Kelly: Oppressed Selector’s Son or Larrikin Wild Child? Kelly’s key events The man in the iron mask Growing Towards Nationhood . . . Maybe A telegraph to the world It’s raining trains
Seeking thrills in the great unknown . . . . . . Then making the unknown known
Sturt — have boat, will walk Leichhardt also walks . . . right off the map
Seeing the back of Burke, losing Wills Super Stuart — just a pity he’s drunk
Moving on from the selectors’ dust heap Bushranging nation
Kelly’s key events The man in the iron mask
A telegraph to the world It’s raining trains
The ‘Workingman’s Paradise’ Continues Growth brings jobs Workingwomen’s paradise too Workers’ Playtime Beating the English at cricket New codes of football The Big Myth of the Bush: Not So Rural Australia Rearranging the Political Furniture Charting new colonial directions Intervening in the economy
Growth brings jobs Workingwomen’s paradise too
Beating the English at cricket New codes of football
Charting new colonial directions Intervening in the economy
From Boom to Bust The bubble before the pop And now for a big collapse Three strikes and we’re out — industrial turmoil Birthing the Australian Labor Party From little things . . . Two Australian halves of a Labor story Labor politicos and Labor unionists — the struggle begins! New Nation? Maybe. Maybe Not. Why Federation happened How Federation happened Three men who made Federation happen
The bubble before the pop And now for a big collapse Three strikes and we’re out — industrial turmoil
From little things . . . Two Australian halves of a Labor story Labor politicos and Labor unionists — the struggle begins!
Why Federation happened How Federation happened Three men who made Federation happen
Chapter 12: Nation Just Born Yesterday Advancing Australia: A Social Laboratory Defining the Commonwealth What the judges said What the politicians did What everyday people thought Passing Innovative Legislation Franchising Australian women Establishing bold new protection Deciding on a fair and reasonable wage Voting in Labor That Whole White Australia Thing Passing the Immigration Restriction Act Dealing with the ‘piebald north’ Deporting the ‘Kanakas’ Pushing ‘purity’ Chapter 13: World War I: International and Local Ruptures Gearing Up for Global War Building up Australian forces Choosing the best party to lead the wartime government Why get involved? Australia at War Proving ourselves to the world, part I: Gallipoli Proving ourselves to the world, part II: The Western Front General John Monash engineers some victory Home Front Hassles Getting on the war footing Irish troubles Conscription controversy When Billy goes rogue — aftermath of the Labor split Moving the Pieces around the Global Table: Australia at Versailles Chapter 14: Australia Unlimited Expanding Australia Postwar Australia — from sour to unlimited Postwar blues? Take the ‘Men, Money and Markets’ cure Australia Not-So-Unlimited Borrowing unlimited for little Australia Land disasters Schizoid Nation Sport, the beach and picture shows Cars, radios and Californian bungalows Returned soldiers — elite, but angry The race bogey The Workers of Australia . . . Labor turns hard left Labor in state governments An attack of the Wobblies Bruce arbitrates his own destruction
Advancing Australia: A Social Laboratory Defining the Commonwealth What the judges said What the politicians did What everyday people thought Passing Innovative Legislation Franchising Australian women Establishing bold new protection Deciding on a fair and reasonable wage Voting in Labor That Whole White Australia Thing Passing the Immigration Restriction Act Dealing with the ‘piebald north’ Deporting the ‘Kanakas’ Pushing ‘purity’
What the judges said What the politicians did What everyday people thought
Franchising Australian women Establishing bold new protection Deciding on a fair and reasonable wage
Passing the Immigration Restriction Act Dealing with the ‘piebald north’ Deporting the ‘Kanakas’ Pushing ‘purity’
Gearing Up for Global War Building up Australian forces Choosing the best party to lead the wartime government Why get involved? Australia at War Proving ourselves to the world, part I: Gallipoli Proving ourselves to the world, part II: The Western Front General John Monash engineers some victory Home Front Hassles Getting on the war footing Irish troubles Conscription controversy When Billy goes rogue — aftermath of the Labor split Moving the Pieces around the Global Table: Australia at Versailles
Building up Australian forces Choosing the best party to lead the wartime government Why get involved?
Proving ourselves to the world, part I: Gallipoli Proving ourselves to the world, part II: The Western Front General John Monash engineers some victory
Getting on the war footing Irish troubles Conscription controversy When Billy goes rogue — aftermath of the Labor split
Expanding Australia Postwar Australia — from sour to unlimited Postwar blues? Take the ‘Men, Money and Markets’ cure Australia Not-So-Unlimited Borrowing unlimited for little Australia Land disasters Schizoid Nation Sport, the beach and picture shows Cars, radios and Californian bungalows Returned soldiers — elite, but angry The race bogey The Workers of Australia . . . Labor turns hard left Labor in state governments An attack of the Wobblies Bruce arbitrates his own destruction
Postwar Australia — from sour to unlimited Postwar blues? Take the ‘Men, Money and Markets’ cure
Borrowing unlimited for little Australia Land disasters
Sport, the beach and picture shows Cars, radios and Californian bungalows Returned soldiers — elite, but angry The race bogey
Labor turns hard left Labor in state governments An attack of the Wobblies Bruce arbitrates his own destruction
Chapter 15: A Not So Great Depression Crash and Depression Borrowing like there’s no tomorrow Here comes tomorrow The man from the Bank (of England) The Melbourne Agreement A(nother) Labor Split Two different solutions for the Great Depression problems A party shoots itself in both feet Lang sacked and Labor in tatters Threats to Democracy from Best Friends and Enemies Seeing the virtues of communism Forming secret armies Mistakes and Resilience Through the Crisis The politicians fail The people endure Chapter 16: World War II Battles Building Up to War Defences through the Great Depression Singapore Strategy Belatedly prodded into action Dealing with Early War Problems Problems with tactics and technology Problems with officer training and promotions Problems with weapons Overseas Again War in northern Africa War in the Mediterranean This Time It’s Personal: War in the Pacific Britain can’t do everything: The fall of Singapore Attacks on Australia Um, America — can we be friends? Turning the tide in the Coral Sea and on the Kokoda Trail Jungle victories Petering into significance Tackling Issues on the Home Front Industrialisation and business expansion Rationing and control Women in war times Taxing everyone and building a welfare system Chapter 17: Making Australia New Again Restarting the Social Laboratory Under Chifley Chifley’s Postwar Reconstruction Focusing on public works and welfare Developing the public service Increasing legislative interventions Coming up against High Court troubles Calwell and the Postwar Migration Revolution Looking beyond Britain to meet migration needs Breaking the mould of mainstream Australia Shifting Balances with Foreign Policy Giving a voice to all nations in the UN Choosing between America and Britain Treading On an Ants’ Nest — of Angry Banks Taking a tentative step Going full-steam down the nationalisation road
Crash and Depression Borrowing like there’s no tomorrow Here comes tomorrow The man from the Bank (of England) The Melbourne Agreement A(nother) Labor Split Two different solutions for the Great Depression problems A party shoots itself in both feet Lang sacked and Labor in tatters Threats to Democracy from Best Friends and Enemies Seeing the virtues of communism Forming secret armies Mistakes and Resilience Through the Crisis The politicians fail The people endure
Borrowing like there’s no tomorrow Here comes tomorrow The man from the Bank (of England) The Melbourne Agreement
Two different solutions for the Great Depression problems A party shoots itself in both feet Lang sacked and Labor in tatters
Seeing the virtues of communism Forming secret armies
The politicians fail The people endure
Building Up to War Defences through the Great Depression Singapore Strategy Belatedly prodded into action Dealing with Early War Problems Problems with tactics and technology Problems with officer training and promotions Problems with weapons Overseas Again War in northern Africa War in the Mediterranean This Time It’s Personal: War in the Pacific Britain can’t do everything: The fall of Singapore Attacks on Australia Um, America — can we be friends? Turning the tide in the Coral Sea and on the Kokoda Trail Jungle victories Petering into significance Tackling Issues on the Home Front Industrialisation and business expansion Rationing and control Women in war times Taxing everyone and building a welfare system
Defences through the Great Depression Singapore Strategy Belatedly prodded into action
Problems with tactics and technology Problems with officer training and promotions Problems with weapons
War in northern Africa War in the Mediterranean
Britain can’t do everything: The fall of Singapore Attacks on Australia Um, America — can we be friends? Turning the tide in the Coral Sea and on the Kokoda Trail Jungle victories Petering into significance
Industrialisation and business expansion Rationing and control Women in war times Taxing everyone and building a welfare system
Restarting the Social Laboratory Under Chifley Chifley’s Postwar Reconstruction Focusing on public works and welfare Developing the public service Increasing legislative interventions Coming up against High Court troubles Calwell and the Postwar Migration Revolution Looking beyond Britain to meet migration needs Breaking the mould of mainstream Australia Shifting Balances with Foreign Policy Giving a voice to all nations in the UN Choosing between America and Britain Treading On an Ants’ Nest — of Angry Banks Taking a tentative step Going full-steam down the nationalisation road
Focusing on public works and welfare Developing the public service Increasing legislative interventions Coming up against High Court troubles
Looking beyond Britain to meet migration needs Breaking the mould of mainstream Australia
Giving a voice to all nations in the UN Choosing between America and Britain
Taking a tentative step Going full-steam down the nationalisation road
Chapter 18: Ambushed — by Prosperity! Economics of the Postwar Dreamtime Developing industry and manufacturing Accepting ‘new’ Australian workers Suburbia! The Final Frontier White goods make good friends New neighbourhoods and isolation The Rise and Rise of Bob Menzies Appealing to ‘the forgotten people’ Appealing to women Tackling the Communist Threat Menzies tries to ban the Communist Party A man called Petrov and another Labor split Chapter 19: Taking Things Apart in the 1960s and 1970s Moving On from Empire Still loving Britain Losing Britain all the same Looking to Japan and America Defending Australia . . . with America Attack of the Baby Boomers! Ending White Australia Gaining rights for Indigenous Australians Fighting for women’s rights Crashing — or Crashing Through — With Gough It’s (finally Labor’s) Time! The Whitlam typhoon When the wheels fall off . . . Chapter 20: When Old Australia Dies . . . Is New Australia Ready? The Coming of Malcolm Fraser Launching the good ship Multi-Culti Fraser foiled! By shifting economic sands Deregulation Nation Welcoming in ‘Hawke’s World’ Feeling the effects of short-term excess Deregulating the labour market Fighting the Culture Wars Keating fires the starting gun Bumps on the multi-culti road Howard versus the ‘brain class’ Pauline Hanson enters the debate (and turns Howard’s head) Battling Over Native Title Acting on the Mabo judgement Panicking after the Wik judgement Chapter 21: Into the New Millennium Still Dealing with the Outside World Protecting the borders Flashpoint Tampa Dealing with the Bali bombings Facing Up to Challenges at Home Apologising to the Stolen Generations Creating more wealth for more people New political directions
Economics of the Postwar Dreamtime Developing industry and manufacturing Accepting ‘new’ Australian workers Suburbia! The Final Frontier White goods make good friends New neighbourhoods and isolation The Rise and Rise of Bob Menzies Appealing to ‘the forgotten people’ Appealing to women Tackling the Communist Threat Menzies tries to ban the Communist Party A man called Petrov and another Labor split
Developing industry and manufacturing Accepting ‘new’ Australian workers
White goods make good friends New neighbourhoods and isolation
Appealing to ‘the forgotten people’ Appealing to women
Menzies tries to ban the Communist Party A man called Petrov and another Labor split
Moving On from Empire Still loving Britain Losing Britain all the same Looking to Japan and America Defending Australia . . . with America Attack of the Baby Boomers! Ending White Australia Gaining rights for Indigenous Australians Fighting for women’s rights Crashing — or Crashing Through — With Gough It’s (finally Labor’s) Time! The Whitlam typhoon When the wheels fall off . . .
Still loving Britain Losing Britain all the same Looking to Japan and America Defending Australia . . . with America
Ending White Australia Gaining rights for Indigenous Australians Fighting for women’s rights
It’s (finally Labor’s) Time! The Whitlam typhoon When the wheels fall off . . .
The Coming of Malcolm Fraser Launching the good ship Multi-Culti Fraser foiled! By shifting economic sands Deregulation Nation Welcoming in ‘Hawke’s World’ Feeling the effects of short-term excess Deregulating the labour market Fighting the Culture Wars Keating fires the starting gun Bumps on the multi-culti road Howard versus the ‘brain class’ Pauline Hanson enters the debate (and turns Howard’s head) Battling Over Native Title Acting on the Mabo judgement Panicking after the Wik judgement
Launching the good ship Multi-Culti Fraser foiled! By shifting economic sands
Welcoming in ‘Hawke’s World’ Feeling the effects of short-term excess Deregulating the labour market
Keating fires the starting gun Bumps on the multi-culti road Howard versus the ‘brain class’ Pauline Hanson enters the debate (and turns Howard’s head)
Acting on the Mabo judgement Panicking after the Wik judgement
Still Dealing with the Outside World Protecting the borders Flashpoint Tampa Dealing with the Bali bombings Facing Up to Challenges at Home Apologising to the Stolen Generations Creating more wealth for more people New political directions
Protecting the borders Flashpoint Tampa Dealing with the Bali bombings
Apologising to the Stolen Generations Creating more wealth for more people New political directions
Chapter 22: Ten Things Australia Gave the World The Boomerang The Ticket of Leave System The Secret Ballot The Eight-Hour Day Feature Films The Flying Doctor Service The Artificial Pacemaker The Practical Application of Penicillin Airline Safety Devices Permaculture Chapter 23: Ten Game-Changing Moments Cook Claims the East Coast of Australia Henry Kable Claims a Suitcase — and Rights for Convicts Gold Discovered Women Get the Vote in South Australia and Federally Building a Fortress out of Australia — the White Australia Policy Australia splits over Conscription Australia on the Western Front The Post–World War II Migration Program Lake Mungo Woman Mabo
The Boomerang The Ticket of Leave System The Secret Ballot The Eight-Hour Day Feature Films The Flying Doctor Service The Artificial Pacemaker The Practical Application of Penicillin Airline Safety Devices Permaculture
Cook Claims the East Coast of Australia Henry Kable Claims a Suitcase — and Rights for Convicts Gold Discovered Women Get the Vote in South Australia and Federally Building a Fortress out of Australia — the White Australia Policy Australia splits over Conscription Australia on the Western Front The Post–World War II Migration Program Lake Mungo Woman Mabo