Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Dedication

Copyright

Dedication 2

Preface—Overview of OFT VI A & B

Six Editions

OFT VI Volume A: Components and Subsystems

OFT VI Volume B: Systems and Networks

Chapter 1. Fiber Nonlinearity and Capacity: Single-Mode and Multimode Fibers

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Network Traffic and Optical Systems Capacity

1.3 Information Theory

1.4 Single-Mode Fibers: Single Polarization

1.5 Single-Mode Fibers: Polarization-Division Multiplexing

1.6 Multicore and Multimode Fibers

1.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 2. Commercial 100-Gbit/s Coherent Transmission Systems

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Optical Channel Designs

2.3 100G Channel—From Wish to Reality

2.4 Introduction of 100G Channels to Service Provider Networks

2.5 Impact of Commercial 100G System to Transport Network

2.6 Outlook Beyond Commercial 100G Systems

2.7 Summary

References

Chapter 3. Advances in Tb/s Superchannels

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Superchannel Principle

3.3 Modulation

3.4 Multiplexing

3.5 Detection

3.6 Superchannel Transmission

3.7 Networking Implications

3.8 Conclusion

References

Chapter 4. Optical Satellite Communications

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Lasercom Link Budgets

4.3 Laser Beam Propagation Through the Atmosphere

4.4 Optical Transceivers for Space Applications

4.5 Space Terminal

4.6 Ground Terminal

4.7 List of Acronyms

References

Chapter 5. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and Its Application in Optical Communication Systems

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Digital Signal Processing and Its Functional Blocks

5.3 Application of DBP-Based DSP to Optical Fiber Transmission in the nonlinear regime

5.4 Summary and Future Questions

References

Chapter 6. Advanced Coding for Optical Communications

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Linear Block Codes

6.3 Codes on Graphs

6.4 Coded Modulation

6.5 Adaptive Nonbinary LDPC-Coded Modulation

6.6 LDPC-Coded Turbo Equalization

6.7 Information Capacity of Fiber-Optics Communication Systems

6.8 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 7. Extremely Higher-Order Modulation Formats

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Spectral Efficiency of QAM Signal and Shannon Limit

7.3 Fundamental configuration and key components of QAM coherent optical transmission

7.4 Higher-Order QAM Transmission Experiments

7.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 8. Multicarrier Optical Transmission

8.1 Historical perspective of optical multicarrier transmission

8.2 OFDM Basics

8.3 Optical Multicarrier Systems Based on Electronic FFT

8.4 Optical Multicarrier Systems Based on Optical Multiplexing

8.5 Nonlinearity in Optical Multicarrier Transmission

8.6 Applications of Optical Multicarrier Transmissions

8.7 Future Research Directions for Multicarrier Transmission

References

Chapter 9. Optical OFDM and Nyquist Multiplexing

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Orthogonal Shaping of Temporal or Spectral Functions for Efficient Multiplexing

9.3 Optical Fourier Transform Based Multiplexing

9.4 Encoding and Decoding of OFDM Signals

9.5 Conclusion

9.6 Mathematical Definitions and Relations

References

Chapter 10. Spatial Multiplexing Using Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Signal Processing

10.1 Optical Network Capacity Scaling Through Spatial Multiplexing

10.2 Coherent MIMO-SDM with Selective Mode Excitation

10.3 MIMO DSP

10.4 Mode Multiplexing Components

10.5 Optical Amplifiers for Coupled-Mode Transmission

10.6 Systems Experiments

10.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 11. Mode Coupling and its Impact on Spatially Multiplexed Systems

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Modes and Mode Coupling in Optical Fibers

11.3 Modal Dispersion

11.4 Mode-Dependent Loss and Gain

11.5 Direct-Detection Mode-Division Multiplexing

11.6 Coherent Mode-Division Multiplexing

11.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 12. Multimode Communications Using Orbital Angular Momentum

12.1 Perspective on Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Multiplexing in Communication Systems

12.2 Fundamentals of OAM

12.3 Techniques for OAM Generation, Multiplexing/Demultiplexing, and Detection

12.4 Free-Space Communication Links Using OAM Multiplexing

12.5 Fiber-Based Transmission Links

12.6 Optical Signal Processing Using OAM

12.7 Future Challenges of OAM Communications

References

Chapter 13. Transmission Systems Using Multicore Fibers

13.1 Expectations of Multicore Fibers

13.2 MCF Design

13.3 Methods of Coupling to MCFs

13.4 Transmission Experiments with Uncoupled Cores

13.5 Laguerre-Gaussian Mode Division Multiplexing Transmission in MCFs

References

Chapter 14. Elastic Optical Networking

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Enabling Technologies

14.3 The EON Vision and Some New Concepts

14.4 A Comparison of EON and Fixed DWDM

14.5 Standards Progress

14.6 Summary

References

Chapter 15. ROADM-Node Architectures for Reconfigurable Photonic Networks

Summary

15.1 Introduction

15.2 The ROADM Node

15.3 Network Applications: Studies and Demonstrations

15.4 Two Compatible Visions of the Future

15.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 16. Convergence of IP and Optical Networking

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Motivation

16.3 Background

16.4 Standards

16.5 Next-Generation Control and Management

References

Chapter 17. Energy-Efficient Telecommunications

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Energy Use in Commercial Optical Communication Systems

17.3 Energy in Optical Communication Systems

17.4 Transmission and Switching Energy Models

17.5 Network Energy Models

17.6 Conclusion

References

Chapter 18. Advancements in Metro Regional and Core Transport Network Architectures for the Next-Generation Internet

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Network Architecture Evolution

18.3 Transport Technology Innovations

18.4 The Network Value of Photonics Technology Innovation

18.5 The Network Value of Optical Transport Innovation

18.6 Outlook

18.7 Summary

References

Chapter 19. Novel Architectures for Streaming/Routing in Optical Networks

19.1 Introduction and Historical Perspectives on Connection and Connectionless Oriented Optical Transports

19.2 Essence of the Major Types of Optical Transports: Optical Packet Switching (OPS), Optical Burst Switching (OBS), and Optical Flow Switching (OFS)

19.3 Network Architecture Description and Layering

19.4 Definition of Network “Capacity” and Evaluation of Achievable Network Capacity Regions of Different Types of Optical Transports

19.5 Physical Topology of Fiber Plant and Optical Switching Functions at Nodes and the Effects of Transmission Impairments and Session Dynamics on Network Architecture

19.6 Network Management and Control Functions and Scalable Architectures

19.7 Media Access Control (MAC) Protocol and Implications on Routing Protocol Efficiency and Scalability

19.8 Transport Layer Protocol for New Optical Transports

19.9 Cost, Power Consumption Throughput, and Delay Performance

19.10 Summary

References

Chapter 20. Recent Advances in High-Frequency (>10GHz) Microwave Photonic Links

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Photonic Links for Receive-Only Applications

20.3 Photonic Links for Transmit and Receive Applications

References

Chapter 21. Advances in 1-100GHz Microwave Photonics: All-Band Optical Wireless Access Networks Using Radio Over Fiber Technologies

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Optical RF Wave Generation

21.3 Converged ROF Transmission System

21.4 Conclusions

References

Chapter 22. PONs: State of the Art and Standardized

22.1 Introduction to PON

22.2 TDM PONs: Basic Design and Issues

22.3 Video Overlay

22.4 WDM PONs: Common Elements

22.5 FDM-PONs: Motivation

22.6 Hybrid TWDM-PON

22.7 Summary and Outlook

References

Chapter 23. Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks (WDM PONs)

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Light Sources for WDM PON

23.3 WDM PON Architectures

23.4 Long-Reach WDM PONs

23.5 Next-Generation High-Speed WDM PON

23.6 Fault Monitoring, Localization and Protection Techniques

23.7 Summary

Appendix: Acronyms

References

Chapter 24. FTTX Worldwide Deployment

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Background of Fiber Architectures

24.3 Technology Variants

24.4 Status and FTTX Deployments Around the World

24.5 What’s Next?

24.6 Summary

References

Chapter 25. Modern Undersea Transmission Technology

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Coherent Transmission Technology in Undersea Systems

25.3 Increasing Spectral Efficiency by Bandwidth Constraint

25.4 Nyquist Carrier Spacing

25.5 Increasing Spectral Efficiency by Increasing the Constellation Size

25.6 Future Trends

25.7 Summary

List of Acronyms

References

Index