The History of Northern Africa

Published in 2010 by Britannica Educational Publishing

(a trademark of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.)

in association with Rosen Educational Services, LLC

29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010.

Distributed exclusively by Rosen Educational Services.

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First Edition

Britannica Educational Publishing

Michael I. Levy: Executive Editor

Marilyn L. Barton: Senior Coordinator, Production Control

Steven Bosco: Director, Editorial Technologies

Lisa S. Braucher: Senior Producer and Data Editor

Yvette Charboneau: Senior Copy Editor

Kathy Nakamura: Manager, Media Acquisition

Amy McKenna: Senior Editor, Geography and History

Rosen Educational Services

Hope Lourie Killcoyne: Senior Editor and Project Manager

Nelson Sá: Art Director

Cindy Reiman: Photography Manager

Matthew Cauli: Designer, Cover Design

Introduction by Shalini Saxena

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The history of northern Africa / edited by Amy McKenna. — 1st ed.

p. cm. — (The Britannica guide to Africa)

“In association with Britannica Educational Publishing, Rosen Educational Services.”

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-61530-397-7 (eBook)

1. Africa, North—History. I. McKenna, Amy, 1969-
DT167.H58 2011

961—dc22

2010021702

On the cover: A Berber man stands in southeastern Morocco, surrounded by the windrippled sands of the Sahara desert. The largest desert in the world, the Sahara fills nearly all of Northern Africa. Herman du Plessis/Gallo Images/Getty Images

On pages 1, 21, 38, 58, 63, 83, 100, 109, 126, 156, 166: Pictured here in 1961, these Berber women of Aït Ben Haddou, Morocco, wear traditional dress for a marriage market, where they may choose a husband. Ingebore Lehmann/Hulton Archive/Getty Images