Contents

Foreword

WILLIAM P. THURSTON xi

Introduction

MIRCEA PITICI xv

Mathematics Alive

The Role of the Untrue in Mathematics

CHANDLER DAVIS 3

Desperately Seeking Mathematical Proof

MELVYN B. NATHANSON 13

An Enduring Error

BRANKO GRÜNBAUM 18

What Is Experimental Mathematics?

KEITH DEVLIN 32

What Is Information-Based Complexity?

HENRYK WOŹNIAKOWSKI 37

What Is Financial Mathematics?

TIM JOHNSON 43

If Mathematics Is a Language, How Do You Swear in It?

DAVID WAGNER 47

Mathematicians and the Practice of Mathematics

Birds and Frogs

FREEMAN DYSON 57

Mathematics Is Not a Game But . . .

ROBERT THOMAS 79

Massively Collaborative Mathematics

TIMOTHY GOWERS AND MICHAEL NIELSEN 89

Bridging the Two Cultures: Paul Valéry

PHILIP J. DAVIS 94

A Hidden Praise of Mathematics

ALICIA DICKENSTEIN 99

Mathematics and Its Applications

Mathematics and the Internet: A Source of Enormous Confusion and Great Potential

WALTER WILLINGER, DAVID L. ALDERSON, AND JOHN C. DOYLE 109

The Higher Arithmetic: How to Count to a Zillion without Falling Off the End of the Number Line

BRIAN HAYES 134

Knowing When to Stop: How to Gamble If You Must—The Mathematics of Optimal Stopping

THEODORE P. HILL 145

Homology: An Idea Whose Time Has Come

BARRY A. CIPRA 158

Mathematics Education

Adolescent Learning and Secondary Mathematics

ANNE WATSON 163

Accommodations of Learning Disabilities in Mathematics Courses

KATHLEEN AMBRUSO ACKER, MARY W. GRAY, AND BEHZAD JALALI 175

Audience, Style and Criticism

DAVID PIMM AND NATHALIE SINCLAIR 194

Aesthetics as a Liberating Force in Mathematics Education?

NATHALIE SINCLAIR 206

Mathematics Textbooks and Their Potential Role in Supporting Misconceptions

ANN KAJANDER AND MIROSLAV LOVRIC 236

Exploring Curvature with Paper Models

HOWARD T. ISERI 247

Intuitive vs Analytical Thinking: Four Perspectives

URI LERON AND ORIT HAZZAN 260

History and Philosophy of Mathematics

Why Did Lagrange “Prove” the Parallel Postulate?

JUDITH V. GRABINER 283

Kronecker’s Algorithmic Mathematics

HAROLD M. EDWARDS 303

Indiscrete Variations on Gian-Carlo Rota’s Themes

CARLO CELLUCCI 311

Circle Packing: A Personal Reminiscence

PHILIP L. BOWERS 330

Applying Inconsistent Mathematics

MARK COLYVAN 346

Why Do We Believe Theorems?

ANDRZEJ PELC 358

Mathematics in the Media

Mathematicians Solve 45-Year-Old Kervaire Invariant Puzzle

ERICA KLARREICH 373

Darwin: The Reluctant Mathematician

JULIE REHMEYER 377

Loves Me, Loves Me Not (Do the Math)

STEVEN STROGATZ 380

The Mysterious Equilibrium of Zombies and Other Things Mathematicians See at the Movies

SAMUEL ARBESMAN 383

Strength in Numbers: On Mathematics and Musical Rhythm

VIJAY IYER 387

Math-hattan

NICK PAUMGARTEN 391

Contributors 395

Acknowledgments 403

Credits 405