3D Printing For Dummies®
To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to
www.dummies.com
and search for “3D Printing For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.
Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Part 1: Getting Started with 3D Printing
Chapter 1: Seeing How 3D Printers Fit into Modern Manufacturing
Embracing Additive Manufacturing
Exploring the Applications of 3D Printing
Chapter 2: Exploring the Types of 3D Printing
Exploring Basic Forms of Additive Manufacturing
Understanding the Limitations of Current Technologies
Chapter 3: Exploring Applications of 3D Printing
Looking at Current Uses of 3D Printing
Designing for the Future with 3D Printing
Examining Molding and Casting through 3D Printing
Applying Artistic Touches and Personalization
Customizing Designs on the Fly
Part 2: Outlining 3D-Printing Resources
Chapter 4: Identifying Available Materials for 3D Printing
Exploring Extruded Materials
Identifying Granular Materials
Exploring Photo-Cured Resins
Understanding Bioprinting
Identifying Other Uses for Materials
Chapter 5: Identifying Sources and Communities for 3D-Printable Objects
Exploring Object Repositories
Designing in the Computer
Scanning Objects
Capturing Structure from Photographs
Preparing Models for Printing
Part 3: Exploring the Business Side of 3D Printing
Chapter 6: 3D Printing for Everyone
Democratizing Manufacturing
Building New Tools
Chapter 7: Understanding 3D Printing’s Effect on Traditional Lines of Business
Transforming Production
Handling Challenges to Intellectual Property Laws
Leveraging Expired Patents
Imposing Ethical Controls
Chapter 8: Reviewing 3D-Printing Research
Building Fundamental Technologies
Creating Functional Designs
Expanding Material Selection
Supporting Long Space Voyages
Creating Medical Opportunities
Part 4: Employing Personal 3D-Printing Devices
Chapter 9: Exploring 3D-Printed Artwork
Adorning the Body
Personalizing Your Environment
Incorporating Individualism in Design
Visualizing the Abstract
Sharing Art
Chapter 10: Considering Consumer-Level Desktop 3D Printers
Examining Cartesian 3D Printers
Exploring Delta Options
Understanding polar Fabrication
Getting to Know SCARA and Robot Arm Motion
CoreXY – High Speed FDM 3D Printing
Building Emerging Alternatives
Working with Open Innovation and Community Designs
Examining Printers for More Flexible Materials
Sampling 3D Food Printers
Going beyond RepRap
Chapter 11: Deciding on a 3D Printer of Your Own
Evaluating Your 3D Printing Needs
Running a 3D Print Farm
Licensing and Attribution
Selecting a 3D Printer Design
Choosing Print Media
Identifying Key Components
Part 5: Understanding and Using Your 3D Printer
Chapter 12: Assembling Kits and Reviewing Machine Setup
Sourcing a Kit 3D Printer
Obtaining Printed Parts for Machine Assembly
Understanding the Machine Motion
Building the Printer Frame
Assembling the Moving Axis
Connecting the Y Carriage to the X and Z Assembly
Sensing the Home Position
Chapter 13: Understanding 3D Printer Control Electronics
3D Printer Control Electronics
Adding Electronics to Your 3D Printer
Doing Your First Power On Check
Configuring Firmware
Chapter 14: Understanding, Using, and Servicing 3D Printers
Examining Thermoplastic Extrusion
Working with the Prusa MINI Bowden Extruder and Hot-End Assembly
Examining the Prusa i3 MK3 and Hot-End Assembly
Alternative Extrusion Systems for Paste and Edible Materials
Multicolor Print Methods
Extruder Operation and Upgrades
Chapter 15: Identifying Software and Calibrating Your 3D Printer
Finding 3D Design Software and Models
Working with PrusaSlicer
Calibrating Your 3D Printer
Printing Objects
Identifying Machine Problems When Print Jobs Fail
Improving Print Speed
Chapter 16: Refining the Design and 3D-Printing Process
Being Productive with 3D Printing
Refining Your Print Preparations
Examining a Design Example
Practical 3D Printing: Looking at Five Quick Examples of Practical 3D Printing at Home
Designing Parts for 3D Printing
Postprocessing, Recycling, and Finishing an Object
Printing Big: Bonding and Joining Parts
Adopting Green 3D Printing
Using a Web-Based 3D-Printing Interface
Part 6: The Part of Tens
Chapter 17: Ten Examples of Direct Digital Manufacturing and Personalization
Producing 3D-Printed Food
Printing Tissues and Organs
Fashioning Biological Replicas
Crafting Clothing and Footwear
Customizing Jewelry
Making Hollywood Spectacular
Creating Structures
Reaching beyond the Sky
Constructing Robots
Printing 3D Printers
Chapter 18: Ten Impossible Designs Created Using Additive Manufacturing
Personalized Objects
Medical Implants
Dental Repair
Self-Deploying Robots
Printed Drones and Aircraft Parts
High Performance, Lightweight Engine Cooling
Custom Objects Created in Space
Art on Demand
Locally Fabricated Items
Body Parts
Index
About the Author
Connect with Dummies
End User License Agreement
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
FIGURE 1-1: A line drawing showing how 3D printing works.
FIGURE 1-2: A free downloadable, 3D-printable phone case for the iPhone.
FIGURE 1-3: A glass bowl formed by passing sunlight through the Solar Sinter to...
Chapter 2
FIGURE 2-1: Coordinates using X-, Y-, and Z-axis notation.
FIGURE 2-2: How stereolithography works.
FIGURE 2-3: Object created via stereolithography on a FormOne printer.
FIGURE 2-4: Object created via multiphoton lithography on a NanoScribe 3D print...
FIGURE 2-5: Objet’s photopolymer PolyJet printer can mix multiple types of mate...
FIGURE 2-6: Laser powder sintering.
FIGURE 2-7: Extracting a piece of 3D-printed clothing from a granular binding p...
FIGURE 2-8: A VoxelJet powder bed binding 3D printer prints along an inclined p...
FIGURE 2-9: A titanium cooler block created with EOS’s Direct Metal Laser-Sinte...
FIGURE 2-10: Fused filament fabrication.
FIGURE 2-11: An example wood/plastic composite.
FIGURE 2-12: 3D-printed silver forks.
Chapter 3
FIGURE 3-1: Rapidly prototyping a new digital design for a bracelet.
FIGURE 3-2: A lightweight intake cooling system for race cars, created with a c...
FIGURE 3-3: A replacement flipper for a pinball machine, shared as THING #1789 ...
FIGURE 3-4: A metal table illustrating function and fluid form.
FIGURE 3-5: A model of a 3D printer for houses.
FIGURE 3-6: A structure created by using sunlight to fuse sand.
FIGURE 3-7: Corrugated wall made of 3D extruded concrete.
FIGURE 3-8: 3D printers that climb as they build can create multiple-floor buil...
FIGURE 3-9: A custom 3D-printed cranial-flap implant with a porous structure.
FIGURE 3-10: An acetabular cup pelvic implant with complex metal lattices.
FIGURE 3-11: A personalized prosthetic fairing that mirrors the remaining limb.
FIGURE 3-12: A 3D-printed gown.
Chapter 4
FIGURE 4-1: Spools of thermoplastic filament of various materials supplied on s...
FIGURE 4-2: A 3D-printed puzzle for children includes a printed nut added to a ...
FIGURE 4-3: A dyed nylon 3D-printed object from Richard’s experimentation with ...
FIGURE 4-4: 3D-printed light pipes used in Disney’s Printed Optics program.
FIGURE 4-5: 3D-printed white-and-dark chocolate bunny, created with a RepRap 3D...
FIGURE 4-6: The VoxelJet VX4000, which binds granular powder by using an overhe...
FIGURE 4-7: 3D printing with bound sugar granules.
FIGURE 4-8: Fine detail in a titanium joint implant made with metal powders and...
FIGURE 4-9: Laser sintering of granular sand creates a rough form of natural gl...
FIGURE 4-10: Photonic crystalline lattice created via two-photon lithography ph...
Chapter 5
FIGURE 5-1: Example designs from the Thingiverse community repository.
FIGURE 5-2: A CAD design in Autodesk Revit.
FIGURE 5-3: A complex latticework object created with Within Medical software.
FIGURE 5-4: TinkerCAD being used to prepare a 3D-printable mold from scanned di...
FIGURE 5-5: A 3D monster model in the tablet-based 123D Creature application.
FIGURE 5-6: A scanned virtual copy of the Glen Rose dinosaur track.
FIGURE 5-7: A handheld Einstar structured-light scanner being used to capture a...
FIGURE 5-8: Multiple scans can be joined together, resulting in a co...
FIGURE 5-9: The scanned 3D model is printed at a smaller scale; supp...
FIGURE 5-10: Photogrammetric studio using 110 Canon DSLR cameras synchronized b...
FIGURE 5-11: Photogrammetry using PhotoScan to calculate an object from a serie...
FIGURE 5-12: A 3D modelcreated withphotogrammetryand a series ofphotographs.
FIGURE 5-13: The full 3D modelof the warriorstatue beforebeing cleaned upand ma...
FIGURE 5-14: The scanned 3Dmodel is loadedinto Prusa3D andsliced into a set ofG...
FIGURE 5-15: Meshlab wasused to reducethe massivemodel data bycollapsingpolygon...
FIGURE 5-16: After printing, it’soften necessaryto removesupport materialfrom a...
Chapter 6
FIGURE 6-1: Digitization of a bronze statue of Thomas Jefferson and its full-sc...
FIGURE 6-2: 3D models of museum artifacts available for download from the Thing...
FIGURE 6-3: A FARO laser arm creating a 3D model of this life mask.
FIGURE 6-4: 3D high-resolution capture studio for facial models.
FIGURE 6-5: The Ponoko online storefront for artist Asher Nahmias (Dizingof).
FIGURE 6-6: The
3D Printing For Dummies
keychain fob as it arrived from the Sha...
FIGURE 6-7: The
3D Printing For Dummies
keychain fob being created on a home de...
FIGURE 6-8: My handmade wooden extruder that allowed my first RepStr...
FIGURE 6-9: My first full set of printed parts to build a Prusa i1 machine from...
FIGURE 6-10: The Prusa i1 from 2011 started an iterative design generation of 3...
Chapter 7
FIGURE 7-1: A 3D-printed copy of Thomas Valenty’s tank model for War...
FIGURE 7-2: The 3D-printed Liberator firearm, modified to be nonfunc...
Chapter 8
FIGURE 8-1: Example of a 3D-printed design for centrifuges used in schools.
FIGURE 8-2: High schoolers in Texas A&M University’s summer program create desi...
FIGURE 8-3: 3D-printed animal foot molds, starting with a scanned animal’s foot...
FIGURE 8-4: The low-cost Morgan RepRap.
FIGURE 8-5: Examples of Disney’s integrated electronics in interactive chess pi...
FIGURE 8-6: A 3D-printed prop Replicator block.
FIGURE 8-7: A 3D-printed “wood” and Bamboo printer built by your esteemed autho...
FIGURE 8-8: A 3D model of a theoretical 4D cube called a tesseract.
FIGURE 8-9: A prototype of a multichambered lunar habitation module.
FIGURE 8-10: A 3D rendering of a reef.
Chapter 9
FIGURE 9-1: An online storefront for 3D-printed fashion.
FIGURE 9-2: Olaf Diegel’s custom 3D-printed guitar bodies for fully functional ...
FIGURE 9-3: A 3D-printed artistic outdoor statue design.
FIGURE 9-4: Richard’s tie-dyed nylon vases.
FIGURE 9-5: The Octopod underwater recovery and salvage vehicle.
FIGURE 9-6: Mathematically inspired 3D-printable objects originally obtained fr...
FIGURE 9-7: Edible math art.
Chapter 10
FIGURE 10-1: The first consumer-level RepRap 3D printer: the Darwin.
FIGURE 10-2: A Cartesian-style 3D printer creates objects by moving the extrude...
FIGURE 10-3: The available build volume for a Cartesian-style 3D printer.
FIGURE 10-4: Components of this nonfunctional 3D-printed firearm are held toget...
FIGURE 10-5: As the frame sliders in a Delta printer move up and down, the extr...
FIGURE 10-6: The Delta-style 3DR printer designed by the author.
FIGURE 10-7: Possible build volume for a Delta-style 3D printer.
FIGURE 10-8: A standard J-head-style FFF/FDM extruder hot-end.
FIGURE 10-9: A true polar-style 3D printer.
FIGURE 10-10: The Morgan has a SCARA-robotic extruder movement with a two-segme...
FIGURE 10-11: A rendering of the open-source Pwdr granular-binding 3D printer i...
FIGURE 10-12: The RepRap Hangprinter allows large-scale 3D printing without the...
FIGURE 10-13: The DyzeXtruder has dual gears that grip soft filaments and guide...
FIGURE 10-14: 3D-printed soft shoe insole.
FIGURE 10-15: Restaurants are producing 3D-printed foods such as this chickpea ...
FIGURE 10-16: The Cocoa Press Chocolate 3D printer allows you to make intricate...
FIGURE 10-17: Cocoa Press Chocolate articulated fish creation, ready to enjoy o...
FIGURE 10-18: Sourdough bread allowed to rise in a heart-shaped 3D-printed bann...
FIGURE 10-19: Confectioners can produce sweets in custom designs.
FIGURE 10-20: The Prusa i3 MK2/ 3/ 3S+ and MK4 3D printer is one of the world’s...
FIGURE 10-21: The Sigma 3D printer, with dual independent printing heads.
FIGURE 10-22: The LulzBot Taz 6 3D printer.
Chapter 11
FIGURE 11-1: A simple small 3D print farm using many identical Prusa i3 MK3S+ m...
FIGURE 11-2: Two types of 3D print plates — the Prusa MINI (top) and Prusa i3 M...
FIGURE 11-3: Range of 3D printer electronic enclosures consisting of multiple p...
FIGURE 11-4: A typical Creative Commons license icon.
FIGURE 11-5: Icon of a Creative Commons license with more restrictions on comme...
FIGURE 11-6: Prusa RepRap 3D printer, Version 2.
FIGURE 11-7: A Mendel90 RepRap 3D printer.
FIGURE 11-8: The Prusa i3 3D printer.
FIGURE 11-9: A RepRap Wallace printer, designed by Rich Cameron as a RepRap 3D-...
FIGURE 11-10: The Prusa i3 MK2 3D printer.
FIGURE 11-11: The Tantillus 3D printer.
FIGURE 11-12: A Rostock Max 3D Delta printer, designed by SeeMeCNC.
FIGURE 11-13: Large objects like this vase can be produced in PLA plastic witho...
FIGURE 11-14: Fine porcelain clay can be printed with a paste extruder and then...
FIGURE 11-15: RepRap hot-ends.
FIGURE 11-16: The J-head nozzle is now quite an old design, but it's still a gr...
FIGURE 11-17: Specialist and multiple-nozzle RepRap hot-ends: Cyclops (left), C...
FIGURE 11-18: The E3D Hemera all metal extrusion system with integrated cold bl...
FIGURE 11-19: A range of V6 nozzles in different diameters from 0.2mm to 1.0mm ...
FIGURE 11-20: The open-source Slic3r project homepage.
FIGURE 11-21: The open-source Prusaslicer is based on the original Slic3r proje...
FIGURE 11-22: Cura slicing software.
Chapter 12
FIGURE 12-1: An impressive 3D-printing kit.
FIGURE 12-2: The vertical Z-axis drive on a Prusa i3 printer uses an M5 threade...
FIGURE 12-3: Three vertical Z-axis movement systems.
FIGURE 12-4: A selection of drive systems used for X and Y movement.
FIGURE 12-5: The rods and bearings used in a 3D printer allow the carriage or a...
FIGURE 12-6: The bottom frame of a Prusa i3 printer.
FIGURE 12-7: The
Y
-axis plate, made of 6mm-thick aluminum, requires 3 LM8UU lin...
FIGURE 12-8: The finished
Y
-axis assembly.
FIGURE 12-9: A MendelMax V2 frame.
FIGURE 12-10: A highly precise jigsaw puzzle of wooden laser-cut sections forms...
FIGURE 12-11: The sections are assembled with trapped nuts and bolts.
FIGURE 12-12: During assembly, aluminum extruded sections are fitted to achieve...
FIGURE 12-13: Three identical 3D-printed sections have vertical upright aluminu...
FIGURE 12-14: The three motors that drive the printer are attached to the 3D-pr...
FIGURE 12-15: A 3DR Delta printer frame.
FIGURE 12-16: The
Y
-axis assembly of the Prusa MINI
FIGURE 12-17: Fit the LCD screen and controls module using a single bolt; the s...
FIGURE 12-18: The X and Z axis of the Prusa MINI.
FIGURE 12-19: Fixing the two main modular carriage assemblies toge...
FIGURE 12-20: The flexible ribbon cable from the LCD and user control panel can...
FIGURE 12-21: A noncontact PINDA probe sensor fitted to an assembled Prusa MINI...
Chapter 13
FIGURE 13-1: RepRap RAMPS (top) and Arduino (bottom).
FIGURE 13-2: RAMBo combines the Arduino MEGA and a RAMPS shield in one compact ...
FIGURE 13-3: Sanguinololu, one of the smallest and lowest-cost electronics sets...
FIGURE 13-4: Minitronics includes the minimum electronics required to run a 3D ...
FIGURE 13-5: RUMBA with an expansion adapter for a memory card.
FIGURE 13-6: The Elefu design.
FIGURE 13-7: The Megatronics integrated motherboard.
FIGURE 13-8: The Prusa i3 MK3 control interface is showing its age but is still...
FIGURE 13-9: The Prusa MINI uses a 32-bit ARM Buddy board integrated motherboar...
FIGURE 13-10: The Duet Wifi 32-bit multi-tool integrated motherboard.
FIGURE 13-11: Crimped motor connections and plastic connector shells of various...
FIGURE 13-12: Common wiring types.
FIGURE 13-13: Positional sensors set the home position for the printer.
FIGURE 13-14: The in-line filament sensor to check when your spool is about to ...
FIGURE 13-15: The heated bed wiring and temperature sensor connected to the con...
FIGURE 13-16: The hot-end heater and temperature sensor connected up to the con...
FIGURE 13-17: The optional filament sensor connection to the control electronic...
FIGURE 13-18: Each stepper motor Y, X, Z, and E (Extruder) will need to be conn...
FIGURE 13-19: Fit the cover over the electronics, and you are ready to power on...
FIGURE 13-20: The first power on will guide you through a few setup options, an...
FIGURE 13-21: The firmware wizard will check axes movement including the end-st...
FIGURE 13-22: The Prusa MINI power supply is an approved external unit with a s...
FIGURE 13-23: GitHub is the master repository for the Marlin firmw...
FIGURE 13-24: Changing the electronics number tells the firmware what other set...
FIGURE 13-25: Most RepRap electronics (such as RAMPS) require you to select the...
Chapter 14
FIGURE 14-1: Typical filament drives used in thermoplastic extruders.
FIGURE 14-2: Two direct-drive filament extruders.
FIGURE 14-3: A professionally made gearbox attaches to the stepper motor, impro...
FIGURE 14-4: A Bondtech dual-drive geared extruder mechanism can offer extremel...
FIGURE 14-5: The 3D-printed geared extruder has more parts to assemble but can ...
FIGURE 14-6: A Bowden extruder.
FIGURE 14-7: The idler wheel is essential and must be tightened just enough for...
FIGURE 14-8: A wired-up hot-end fitted to the motor and drive assembly. This fi...
FIGURE 14-9: RepRap extruder designs.
FIGURE 14-10: The Prusa MINI extruder and Bowden tube connected hot-end assembl...
FIGURE 14-11: The Prusa MINI extruder drive gear access for servicing and clean...
FIGURE 14-12: The Prusa MINI extruder hot-end and cold-end assembly, removed fr...
FIGURE 14-13: An extrusion system jam leaves your filaments damaged.
FIGURE 14-14: The Prusa i3 MK3 combined direct drive extruder and hot-end syste...
FIGURE 14-15: Unbolt and gently remove both cooling fans.
FIGURE 14-16: The wiring loom does not need to be unclipped unless you find a f...
FIGURE 14-17: The Prusa i3 MK3 filament sensor, a tiny printed circuit board wi...
FIGURE 14-18: The E3D V6 all metal hot-end assembly as used in the Prusa i3 MK2...
FIGURE 14-19: A 3D-printed plastic model to help illustrate the E3D V6 all-meta...
FIGURE 14-20: A selection of compatible E3D V6 and Volcano nozzles that can be ...
FIGURE 14-21: The three-way diamond nozzle and triple extruder feed system lets...
FIGURE 14-22: The same model sliced for a standard 0.4mm nozzle, a 0.25mm nozzl...
FIGURE 14-23: The universal paste extruder.
FIGURE 14-24: The universal paste extruder printing porcelain clay on a mirror-...
FIGURE 14-25: Printing chocolate muffin mix requires a basic syringe without a ...
FIGURE 14-26: The toothpaste effect occurs when multiple colored materials are ...
FIGURE 14-27: A three-way blending nozzle combines cyan, magenta, and yellow fe...
FIGURE 14-28: A dual-extruder print.
FIGURE 14-29: Layer-selective color printing with a single extruder involves us...
FIGURE 14-30: Continuous multicolor printing via the cut-and-follow-on method.
FIGURE 14-31: Four modular automatic tool-change 3D print heads from an E3D too...
FIGURE 14-32: The E3D tool-changer system allows four print heads to be switche...
FIGURE 14-33: Use a noncontact laser temperature sensor to make sure that the p...
FIGURE 14-34: A piece of dry sponge keeps fluff, grease, and dust from entering...
FIGURE 14-35: A replacement X carriage compatible with many RepRap 3D printers....
FIGURE 14-36: Bridging a filament. With good cooling and a few alt...
FIGURE 14-37: A printed duct cools the part being printed and does...
Chapter 15
FIGURE 15-1: Two 3D-printed objects that would be impossible to produce on inje...
FIGURE 15-2: A posed person is a challenge to print on a home 3D printer; the m...
FIGURE 15-3: The unprintable model (left) and the same model with breakaway sup...
FIGURE 15-4: Take care when removing the support material; small, fragile parts...
FIGURE 15-5: This support structure is mostly hollow and easily removable with ...
FIGURE 15-6: The dual independent carriages of the BCN3D Sigma allow you to use...
FIGURE 15-7: Rotating a model in Netfabb to make printing easier.
FIGURE 15-8: Because of its parametric nature, OpenSCAD can accommodate many op...
FIGURE 15-9: Netfabb highlights problems in your model with exclamation marks.
FIGURE 15-10: Netfabb detected that this model isn’t solid. After repair, the s...
FIGURE 15-11: PrusaSlicer setup wizard.
FIGURE 15-12: PrusaSlicer setup and selection of 3D printer types.
FIGURE 15-13: Choosing the Gcode for your firmware.
FIGURE 15-14: Select the types of material filaments you have or may want to us...
FIGURE 15-15: PrusaSlicer selection of Simple mode reduces the options you need...
FIGURE 15-16: The Plater window provides a virtual build plate on which you can...
FIGURE 15-17: The Print Settings tab in PrusaSlicer allows you to describe how ...
FIGURE 15-18: The Filament Settings tab tells PrusaSlicer what material you’re ...
FIGURE 15-19: The Printer Settings tab will show your extruder settings and mac...
FIGURE 15-20: Pronterface running and connected to a RepRap printer with Gcode ...
FIGURE 15-21: You can use Pronterface controls to position the print head for l...
FIGURE 15-22: The Gcode command
m303
runs an autotune routine that calculates t...
FIGURE 15-23: Controlling the extruder in Pronterface.
FIGURE 15-24: Use a digital micrometer to measure the distance that the input f...
FIGURE 15-25: Pronterface shows your cube loaded in the middle of the virtual p...
FIGURE 15-26: A well-bonded first layer.
FIGURE 15-27: Make sure that your printed cube measures correctly.
FIGURE 15-28: A hollow-pot design.
FIGURE 15-29: The hollow-pot 3D model printed as a Spiral Vase. The vertical
Z
...
FIGURE 15-30: A failed 3D print may indicate that the motion of one or more axe...
FIGURE 15-31: The X carriage removed from the smooth rods and failed LM8UU line...
FIGURE 15-32: The X carriage bearings removed ready for replacement.
Chapter 16
FIGURE 16-1: The 3D-model sharing website YouMagine.
FIGURE 16-2: The automatic profile generator for the Sigma 3D printer.
FIGURE 16-3: Printing a number of calibration models helps you refine settings ...
FIGURE 16-4: Several printed spool mounts.
FIGURE 16-5: The simple mounts created for this example.
FIGURE 16-6: Using 3D design to assist with installing a product.
FIGURE 16-7: 3D-printed parts for a DIY pond filter.
FIGURE 16-8: Custom size and shape end post caps printed in marble PLA will las...
FIGURE 16-9: A wall-mounted TV needed to be desk mounted.
FIGURE 16-10: A 3D-printed electronics enclosure using brass heat inserts.
FIGURE 16-11: Sliced Gcode showing how each layer bonds to the one before it.
FIGURE 16-12: The key settings are shown here in Cura.
FIGURE 16-13: The finished mounting brackets, wooden dowel, and filament spools...
FIGURE 16-14: A 3D-print object being polished.
FIGURE 16-15: 3D print of a terracotta warrior in ProtoPasta magnetic iron bein...
FIGURE 16-16: Part of the Nefertiti bust printed and being sanded ready for pai...
FIGURE 16-17: Assembled Nefertiti bust, painted in zinc and ready for a final p...
FIGURE 16-18: The Polysher.
FIGURE 16-19: Before (left) and after (right) the use of polysmooth material an...
FIGURE 16-20: A large model in the process of being cut into sections.
FIGURE 16-21: Sections of the tail scaled up 600 percent, cut into sections, an...
FIGURE 16-22: The almost-complete model.
Chapter 17
FIGURE 17-1: The Ada bionic hand from Open Bionics.
Chapter 18
FIGURE 18-1: This guitar has been customized with a spider-and-web motif.
FIGURE 18-2: A closeup of a dental build plate using Renishaw metal...
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Begin Reading
Index
About the Author
Pages
i
ii
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
403
404
405