INDEX

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A

Aalenian Stage, 196, 198–199, 200

Alberti, Friedrich August von, 103

Albertosaurus, 71, 222–223

Albian Stage, 216, 262, 263, 264, 267–268

Allosaurus, 42, 51, 70, 72, 73, 152, 155–156, 162, 163

Alpine-Himalayan ranges, 29

Alvarez, Walter, 96, 97, 221

American Journal of Science and Arts, 37

ammonites, 30, 31, 32, 33, 96, 98, 113, 146, 148, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 218, 220, 260–261, 262, 264, 266, 267, 269, 270

Anatosaurus (Trachodon), 41, 222, 223–224

Anchisaurus, 37

Anchura, 246

Anisian Stage, 135, 136, 137

ankylosaurs, 50, 88, 89, 91–92, 94, 171, 224, 225, 230, 235, 236, 272

Ankylosaurus, 224–225, 230, 273

Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus), 42, 49, 59, 63, 65, 152, 155, 156–158, 161, 166

Aptian Stage, 216, 258, 262, 263, 266, 267

Archaeopteryx, 71, 74, 99, 100, 153, 155, 158–159, 164, 208, 226, 227, 232

Archelon, 246

archosaurs, 44, 45, 69, 78, 79, 116, 152

asteroid theory of extinction, 33, 96, 97–99, 110, 221, 222, 273

Atlantosaurus, 42

Aucella, 182

B

Baculites, 246–247

Bajocian Stage, 196, 198, 199, 200

Barosaurus, 59

Barremian Stage, 258, 263, 266–267

Bathonian Stage, 196, 199–200

Bauria, 121–122

Bavarisaurus, 50

Bernissart excavation site, 51, 168

Berriasian Stage, 203, 207, 263, 264–265

Bird, Roland T., 51, 52

body temperature regulation in dinosaurs, 55–57, 59, 60, 67

Bothriospondylus, 39

brachiosaurs, 159–160

Brachiosaurus, 42, 59, 65, 67, 158, 159

Buckland, William, 37, 38, 204, 205

C

caenagnathids, 75

Callovian Stage, 196, 200–201

camarasaurs, 160–161

Camarasaurus, 42, 67

Campanian Stage, 260, 261, 263, 269, 270, 271

Camptosaurus, 42, 161–162

Canon City excavation site, 42

Cardioceras, 182–183

Carnian Stage, 135, 137, 138

carnivorous dinosaurs, overview of, 50–51

carnosaurs, 73, 162

Caudipteryx, 21, 100, 225–226

Cenomanian Stage, 256, 260, 263, 267, 268

Cenozoic Era, 22, 23, 24, 29, 209, 212, 216, 250, 259, 262

Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, 26

Cerapoda, 76–88

ceratopsians, 46, 49, 50, 51, 58, 76–77, 83–88, 94, 177, 181, 182, 237, 239, 240, 241, 245, 272

ceratopsids, 85, 86, 238

Ceratosauria, 71–72, 73

Ceratosaurus, 71, 72, 155, 162–163

cetiosaurs, 67, 71

Cetiosaurus, 38, 40

Chicxulub crater, 32, 33, 98, 221

Chondrosteiformes, 122

Cimmerian continent, 27, 28

Cladeiodon, 38

cladistics, 46

Clidastes, 247

coccolithophores, 32–33, 96, 98, 209, 217, 220, 261

Coelophysis, 43, 50–51, 70, 71, 72, 116, 118, 119

coelurosaurs, 73–74, 162, 180, 228, 229

Coelurus, 42, 70, 169

Como Bluff excavation site, 42

Compsognathus, 39, 40, 50, 70, 74, 163

Condylartha, 248–249

Confuciusornis, 163–165

Coniacian Stage, 263, 268, 269

continental rifting, 24–25, 28, 29, 33, 47, 48, 102, 105–106, 134, 141, 142, 188, 189, 192, 210

Cope, E.D., 42, 43, 83

coprolites, 51, 176, 204–205

Corythosaurus, 81

Cretaceous Period, 23, 25, 26, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 43, 48, 49, 51, 52, 66, 69, 71, 73, 74, 75, 79, 82, 83, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 99, 100, 101, 103, 109, 117, 125, 129, 140, 145, 155, 156–157, 159, 163, 167, 169, 174, 179, 184, 185, 187, 203, 206, 209–274

climate, 215–216

geography, 211–215

geology, 255–274

invertebrates, 217–218, 246–247, 250–251, 254–255

marine life, 217–219, 246–248, 250–253, 254–255

plants, 220, 249–250

vertebrates, 219–220, 222–249, 250–254

Cynognathus, 122–123

D

Daonella, 123

dawn redwood, 249–250

Deccan Traps, 26, 221, 255, 260

Deinodon, 41

Deinonychus, 51, 59, 76, 99, 226–227, 229, 245–246

Deltatheridium, 250

Diarthrognathus, 182, 183

Dilong, 180, 227–229

Dilophosaurus, 72, 73

Dimorphodon, 165–166

Diplodocus, 42, 49, 59, 65, 67, 166–167

Docodon, 167

Dollo, Louis, 40

dromaeosaurs, 75–76, 99, 181, 226, 227, 229–230, 245

Dromaesaurus, 59

E

Egg Mountain excavation site, 55

Ellsworth, Solomon, Jr., 37

Eoraptor, 44

Euoplocephalus, 91, 92, 230

Euparkeria, 44, 123

eurypterids, 111

Exogyra, 250–251

extinction, 26, 30, 32–34, 83, 93–99, 102, 103, 104, 109–112, 115, 145–146, 210, 211, 220–222, 274

F

fabrosaurids, 76, 79

foraminifera, 33–34, 96, 98, 111, 113, 114, 148, 213, 216, 217, 218, 220, 261, 269, 271

G

geoidal eustacy, 213

Gondwana, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 104, 105, 141, 142, 154, 192, 210, 211

Great Exhibition of 1851, 39, 168

Gryphaea, 183, 217, 220

H

hadrosaurs, 49, 53, 58, 77, 78, 80, 81, 87, 177, 210, 222, 223, 224, 232, 233, 234

Hadrosaurus, 41

Hatcher, J.B, 42, 43

Hauterivian Stage, 263, 265–266

Hell Creek Formation, 177, 178, 271–272

herbivorous dinosaurs, overview of, 48–50

herding behavior, 51–52

Herrerasaurus, 44, 69, 118, 119–120

Hesperornis, 220, 231, 233

heterodontosaurs, 77, 79, 181

Hettangian Stage, 139, 195, 196, 197

Hitchcock, Edward, 37

Holectypus, 184

Horner, John R., 53–54

Huxley, T.H., 39, 43

Hylaeosaurus, 38, 39

Hypacrosaurus, 53

Hypsilophodon, 231–232

hypsilophodontids, 77, 79–80, 82

I

Icarosaurus, 117

Ichthyornis, 232–233

ichthyosaurs, 34, 39, 95, 115, 124–125, 150, 210, 218, 220, 251

Iguanodon, 37–38, 39, 40, 51, 161, 167–169, 219

iguanodontids, 77, 78, 80, 81, 223, 232

Induan Stage, 135, 136

Inoceramus, 184

J

Jurassic Period, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 42, 63, 64, 66, 72, 73, 76, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 103, 115, 116, 117, 121, 124, 125, 129, 134, 139, 140, 208, 209, 210, 212, 219, 220, 241, 250, 257, 262, 265, 274

climate, 144–145

geography, 141–144

geology, 188–204

invertebrates, 148–150, 151, 182–184, 187

marine life, 146–151, 182–184, 185–187

plants, 154–155

vertebrates, 150–154, 155–182, 183, 184–187

K

Kentrosaurus, 89, 90–91

Kimmeridgian Stage, 196, 201, 202–203, 205

K–T boundary event, 95–99, 274

Kunlun Mountains, 28

L

Ladinian Stage, 135, 136–137

Lagerpeton, 44

Lagosuchus, 44, 116

Lambeosaurus, 81, 222, 233–234

Lance Creek Formation, 42–43, 271, 273

Laosaurus, 42

Laurasia, 24, 27, 28, 104, 105, 134, 141, 142, 209–210, 211

Leidy, Joseph, 40, 41

Leptolepis, 126

Lesothosaurus, 76

Lewis and Clark, 37

Lewisuchus, 44

M

Maastrichtian Stage, 216, 256, 262, 263, 270–271

Maiasaura, 53, 222, 234–235

maniraptorans, 75–76

Mantell, Gideon, 37–38, 168

Marasuchus, 126–127

Marsh, O.C., 42–43, 100, 233

marsupials, 32, 185, 219, 250, 273

Massospondylus, 38, 64

Megalosaurus, 37, 39, 40, 70, 72, 168

Mesozoic Marine Revolution, 31

metabolism in dinosaurs, 56, 57–60

Microraptor, 69, 230

Monoclonius, 43

Monopleura, 251

Moody, Pliny, 37

Morrison Formation, 42, 89, 140, 189, 191, 205–206

mosasaurs, 95, 210, 220, 251–252

multituberculates, 184–185

Muschelkalk Sea, 25, 115

Myophoria, 127

N

Niobrara Limestone, 269, 270, 271, 273–274

Nodosaurus, 91, 230, 235–236

Norian Stage, 135, 137–138, 139

Nothosaurus, 127–128

O

Olenekian Stage, 135–136

Omosaurus, 39

ophiolite sequences, 29

ornithischians, 40, 45, 60, 61, 62, 71, 76–93, 116, 152, 153, 156, 170, 171, 181, 224

ornithomimids, 74–75, 180–181

Ornitholestes, 70, 169

Ornithomimus, 236–237

ornithopods, 39, 49, 50, 52, 76, 77–82, 85, 93, 94, 153, 162, 181, 232, 241, 272

Ornithoscelida, 39

orogeny, 25, 26, 27–28, 134, 140, 141, 142, 189, 191–192, 257, 259, 262

Oviraptor, 53, 86, 99, 236–238, 241

oviraptorids, 75

Owen, Richard, 34, 36, 38, 39, 67

Oxfordian Stage, 196, 200, 201–202, 205

P

pachycephalosaurs, 76–77, 82–83, 94, 181, 182, 272

Pachycephalosaurus, 82, 181, 238

Pachyrhinosaurus, 21, 238–239

Palaeosaurus, 38

Palaeoscincus, 40, 91

paleontology, history of, 34–43, 45–46, 103–104

Paleozoic Era, 23, 24, 27, 30, 109, 115, 155, 216

Pamirs, 27

Pangea, 24, 26, 27, 28, 47, 48, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 133, 140, 141, 142, 144, 188, 274

Panthalassa, 104, 105, 106, 107–108

Parasaurolophus, 81

Pentaceratops, 21, 239–240

Permian extinction, 30, 102, 109, 110–111, 115, 274

phytosaurs, 128

Pisanosaurus, 76

placental mammals, 32, 185, 217, 219, 248, 250

Plateosaurus, 38, 64, 116, 120–121

plesiosaurs, 34, 39, 95, 127, 210, 218, 220, 251, 252–253

Plesiosaurus, 252

Pleuromeia, 128–129

Pliensbachian Stage, 196, 197, 198

pliosaurs, 185, 252

prosauropods, 52, 63–65, 93, 120, 121

Protoceratops, 46, 50, 53, 75, 83, 85–86, 230, 237, 240–241

protoceratopsids, 76, 84, 85, 87

Pseudolagosuchus, 44

psittacosaurids, 85

Psittacosaurus, 83, 85, 87, 240, 241

Pteranodon, 253–254

pterodactyloids, 131, 169–170

pterosaurs, 95, 129–131, 141, 152, 210, 219–220, 253, 254

Purbeck Beds, 206–207

pycnodontiformes, 186–187

Q

Quetzalcoatlus, 170, 219–220

R

reproduction in dinosaurs, 53–55

Rhaetian Stage, 135, 138–139, 196

Rhamphorhynchus, 130, 170

Ricqlès, Armand de, 52, 53

Rocky Mountains, 25, 54, 141, 142–143, 257, 274

S

Santonian Stage, 256, 260, 262, 263, 269–270

saurischians, 39, 40, 45, 60, 61, 62, 63–76, 116, 120, 152, 153

Sauropodomorpha, 62, 63, 71

sauropods, 40, 49, 50, 52, 53, 59, 63, 64, 65–68, 69, 90, 93, 94, 121, 152, 157, 159, 160, 166, 177

Scaphites, 254

Scelidosaurus, 38–39, 88, 173

Scutellosaurus, 88, 170–172, 173

Seeley, H.G., 39, 60

Seismosaurus, 50, 65, 153

shales, 28

Sierra Nevada range, 25, 143, 192, 205, 255, 257, 259

siliciclastic rocks, 28

Sinemurian Stage, 196–197

Sinosauropteryx, 163

Smith, Nathan, 37

Solnhofen Limestone Formation, 140, 158, 207–208

Spalacotherium, 182, 187

Spinosaurus, 241–243

Stegoceras, 82

stegosaurs, 50, 88, 89–91, 93, 94, 224

Stegosaurus, 42, 89, 90, 91, 153, 155, 172–173

Steneosaurus, 174

Sternberg, Charles H., 43

Struthiomimus, 70, 74, 75, 243

Suess, Eduard, 27

T

Tenontosaurus, 51

Tetanurae, 72–76, 86

Tethys Sea, 27–29, 105, 108, 134, 142, 144, 145, 192–193, 210, 212, 213–214, 217, 259, 260, 261

Tetractinella, 131–132

thecodonts, 30, 115, 116

therapsids, 30, 115, 122, 132

therizinosaurids, 75, 99, 243–244

theropods, 62, 63, 68–76, 78, 79, 86, 93, 94, 99, 119, 120, 152, 153, 156, 158, 162, 163, 164, 176, 180, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 236, 237, 241, 242, 243, 244

Thrinaxodon, 132

thyreophors, 88–89

Tithonian Stage, 196, 202, 203–204, 205, 206, 207, 265

Toarcian Stage, 196, 197, 198

Torosaurus, 43, 84, 85, 86

Triassic Period, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 34, 35–36, 44, 48, 52, 63–64, 66, 69, 76, 78, 93, 95, 102–139, 140, 190, 191, 196, 252, 272, 274

climate, 106–109

geography, 104–106

geology, 133–139

invertebrates, 112–114, 123, 127, 131–132, 133

marine life, 18, 122, 123, 124–126, 127–128, 131–132, 133

plants, 117–118, 128–129, 133

vertebrates, 114–117, 118–122, 123–128, 129–131, 132

Triceratops, 43, 45, 46, 49, 83–85, 210, 219, 238, 240, 244–245, 262, 273

Triconodon, 182, 187

Trigonia, 187

trilobites, 111

Tritylodon, 132–133

Troodon, 99

troodontids, 41, 71, 227, 229, 230

Tropites, 133

turbidites, 28

Turonian Stage, 263, 268–269

Turritellids, 254–255

tyrannosaurs, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 83, 174–181, 223, 227, 228, 229, 272

Tyrannosaurus rex, 51, 83, 151, 174–175, 176–179, 180, 219, 222, 227, 229, 242, 272, 273

V

Valanginian Stage, 263, 265, 266

Velociraptor, 50, 59, 76, 99, 222, 227, 230, 245–246

Voltzia, 133

Y

Yinlong, 181–182