Religions of India in Practice

INDEX

This index contains select proper nouns and technical terms only. Place names are not included. Epithets and manifestations of major gods and goddesses (e.g., Hara as an epithet for Śiva, Umā as a form of Kālī) appear variously as either sub-headings or individual entries, but are generally cross-referenced under the primary name of the deity.

abhang, 92, 93

Ācārya Vijay Ānandsūri. See Ātmārāmjī

Adam, 556-63

Ādi Granth (or Guru Granth Sāhib), 41, 44, 78, 126, 322, 449

ādi-guru, 79

Advaita Vedānta, 21, 31, 47

āgamanī poems, 58

Agastya, 632

Agni, 9-10, 292

ahiṃsā, 16, 534, 598, 601

Aḥmad. See Muḥammad

Aḥmad Sirhindī, 35, 506-9

Aitaereya Brāhmaṇa. See Brāhmaṇas

Ajita of the Hair-Blanket, 15, 35

Ājīvikas, 15

Akbar, 25, 174, 501, 502, 507

Ākiñcanadāsa, 347-51. See also Vivarta-vilāsa

al-Bīrūni, 33

al-Būṣīrī, 174

Allah, 33-34, 35, 522

al-Makkī. See Sayyid Muḥammad ibn ja’far al-Makkī

Ambedkar, B. R., 20

amrit, 321

Amritdhari Sikhs. See Khālsā Sikhs

Amutam, 210, 220, 222-23

Aṅgad, 43, 461

Āṇṭāḻ, 30

Āraṇyakas, 8, 12

Archanāpurī Mā, 418-25

Ardhanarīśvara. See Śiva

arhat, 326

Arjan, 44, 126-32. See also Mundāvaṇī, Shalok, Sukhamanī Sāhib

Arjuna, 23, 24

arul-śakti, 305, 306, 307

Āṟumuga Nāvalar, 45, 304-20

Ārya Samāj, 14, 47, 462-63

Asiatick Society, 45

Aśoka Maurya, 20, 21

āśrama, 541

aṣṭakam, 133

Aśvaghoṣa, 542

aśvamedha, 236

Atharva Veda, 8

ātman, 613

Ātmārāmjī, 598-99

Aurangzeb, 518

avatāra, 23, 24

Ayasdevnāth, 403

Āzād, 37, 556-57. See also Subḥat al-marjān fi athār Hindūstān

Bābar, 32, 51, 454-56

Balarāma, 247

Basavaṇṇa, 38

bāul, 189

Bāuls, 14, 187-208, 336

Bhadrabāhu, 18

Bhadraṅkar Vijay, 601

Bhagavad Gītā, 24, 80, 375, 638

Bhāgavata Purāṇa. See Purāṇas

Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, 41

Bhairava. See Śiva

Bhairavī. See Kālī

bhakta, 77, 80

Bhaktāmarastotram (of Mānatuṅga), 426-33, 599

bhakti, 24, 29, 38-41, 327, 337, 375, 419, 565

Bhaktirasabodhinī (of Priyadās), 79

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu (of Rūpa Gosvāmī), 245-46, 564

Bhārat Māta, 48

Bhāskararāya Makhin, 611-26

Bhāva Bṛhaspati, 628-32

Bhavānī. See Kālī

Bhaviṣya Purāṇa. See Purāṇas

bhukti, 352-53

Bhulokamalla Someśvara, 289. See also Mānasollāsa

Bībī Jamāl Khātūn, 509-12

Bījak (of Kabīr), 78

braham-giāni, 127

Brahmā, 26, 147, 148, 632, 638-39

Brahmamayī. See Kālī

brāhmaṇa, 11, 290, 310

Brāhmaṇas, 8, 11, 12; Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, 535-36; Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, 536, 537; Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, 536

Brāhmo Samāj, 14, 47

Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad. See Upaniṣads

Bṛhaspati, 133, 137-38

Bṛhatkathākośa (of Hariṣeṇa), 412, 414

Bṛhat Samhitā (of Varāhamihira), 289

Bṛhat-Stotra-Ratnākara, 133-44

bodhisattva, 20

Buddha. See Śakyamuni Buddha; Siddhārtha Gautama

Buddhism, 18-21, 31, 104-5, 547-48. See also Mahāyāna Buddhism

Bulleh Shāh, 37, 518-21, 525-29

Burhān al-Dīn Gharīb, 501-6

Caitanya. See Kṛṣṇa Caitanya

Caitanya Bhāgavata (of Vṛṇdāvana Dāsa), 374-95, 565-77

Caitanya-caritāmṛta (of Kṛṣṇadāsa Kavirāja), 347

Caitanya Vaiṣṇavas. See Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇavas

Caitya Vandana, 326-32

cakra, 192-93, 194, 195, 197, 337

Cakrā, 17, 426

Cakreśvarī. See Cakrā

Candragupta Maurya I, 18

Cārvākas, 15

Caryāgīti, 190

Chandogya Upaniṣad. See Upaniṣads

Chirāgh-i Dihlī. See Shaykh Naṣīr al-Dīn Maḥmūd Chirāghi-i Dihlī

Christianity, 31, 45, 209, 210, 304

Cintāmaṇi. See Kālī

Dādu Dayāl, 78

Dakṣa, 148

Dalai Lama, 20

Dārā Shikūh, 507, 509-10

darśana, 305, 601

Dāruka, 147

dāsa, 9

Dasā Mātā (or Daśā Mātā). See Mother Ten

Dayānanda Sarasvatī. See Svāmī Dayānanda Sarasvatī

dehatattva, 193, 197, 337

devapūjā, 17

Devi. See Kālī

Devīmāhātmya, 42

dhāraṇī, 227-28

dharma, 19, 20, 21, 375, 533, 609, 612, 614, 629

Dharmābhyudayamahākāvya (of Udayaprabhasūri), 412, 413, 415-17

dhamadhātu, 109

Dharmaśāstras, 21-22, 30

dhikr, 36, 79, 190, 514, 565

Digambara Jains, 18, 326, 599

Dīgha Nikāya, 538

dīkṣā, 245, 312, 419

Durgā. See Kālī

Durgā Pūjā, 57-59

fakir, 187, 402

Gandhi, Mahatma, 78, 209

Gaṇeśa, 48, 134-35, 436

Gaṅgā, 58, 239, 631

Garuḍa, 93

Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇavas, 39, 190, 244-48, 375-88, 564-66, 578

Gaurī. See Kālī

Gobind Singh, 44, 126

Gorakhnaāth, 400, 404, 459

Govinda. See Kṛṣṇa

Govindalīlāmṛta (of Kṛṣṇadāsa Kavirāja), 244-62

Gulam Qādir, 404-5

guru, 190, 283, 334, 402, 419

Guru Gobind Singh, 321

Guru Granth Sāhib. See Ādi Granth

Guru Nānak, 25, 43-44, 449-61

ḥadīth, 367, 556-57

halāhala, 147, 317

Hara. See Śiva

Haridāsa, 40, 377-84, 565-77

Hariṣeṇa, 412. See also Bṛhatkathākośa

Harivaṃśa, 22-24, 39

Harṣavardhana, 20, 27

haṭha yoga, 79, 283, 399-401

Himālāya, 58

Hinduism, 5-14, 21-31; under Islam, 37-41

Holī, 434

Ibn al-’Arabī, 35, 37

Indo-Aryans, 7-8

Indra, 8-9, 22, 23, 292, 632; Purantaraṉ, 148

Indrabhūti Gautama, 16

Indus Valley Civilization, 9

‘Ishq, 79

islam, 32

Islam, 31-37, 47, 159, 402, 556-57, 565-66, 578-80, 627-28. See also Sufism

Īśvara. See Śiva

Īśvara Gītā, 638

Jahāngīr, 35, 501, 507

jaina, 16

Jainism, 16-18, 31, 326-32, 412-17, 426-33, 598-608. See also Śvetāmbara Jains and Digambara Jains.

Jalāl al-Dīn Rumi, 35

janam-sākhī, 449-50

Jangamas, 94, 97-98

japa, 245

Jārasandhā, 488

Jesus, 210, 212, 219

jhūṇjhār, 269, 273-76

jihād, 32, 35

jina, 16, 326, 599

Jīva Gosvāmī, 376

jīvanmukti, 281, 284, 399

Jones, William, 45

Judaism, 31

Kabīr, 14, 25, 39, 40-41, 77-91. See also Bījak, Kabīr Granthāvalī, Sarbāngī Kabīr Granthāvalī (of Kabīr), 78

Kabīr Panth, 78

Kālī, 42, 47, 48, 55-76, 147, 389; as Bhairavī, 282; as Bhavānī, 58, 139; as Brahmamayī, 59; as Cintāmaṇi, 59; as Devī, 282; as Durgā, 27, 42, 57-59; as Gaurī, 58; as Pārvatī, 27, 42, 239, 282, 631, 638; as Śākti, 41, 42, 304, 307, 336, 612, 614; as Śyāmā, 59; as Tārā, 59; as Tripurā, 59; as Tripurasundarī, 139, 614; as Umā, 57-59, 61-66

Kālī Pūjā, 59

kaliyuga, 456-58, 580, 629

Kalkin. See Viṣṇu

kāma, 195

Kāma, 195, 631

Kamalākānta Bhaṭṭācārya, 56-76. See also Sādhaka Rañjana

Kamalāpati. See Viṣṇu

Kamṃsa, 23

Kaṇṇappar, 148

Kāpālī. See Śiva

Kapārdin. See Śiva

karman, 13, 15

kathā, 354-55

kaula, 612

Kaulas, 42

Kaula Upaniṣad. See Upaniṣads

kāvya, 426

Keśdhari Sikhs, 321

Khālsā Sikhs, 44, 321-25

kīrtana, 245, 375, 564-66

Kravyāda, 292

Kṛṣṇa, 23, 24, 39, 49, 142-43, 238, 241, 244-68, 333, 336, 337-38, 339, 375-88, 488-94, 564-77; as Govinda, 244; as Murāri, 238, 241; as Viśvarūpa, 24

Kṛṣṇa Caitanya, 25, 40, 192, 245, 246, 247, 334, 337-38, 344, 347, 375-88, 564

Kṛṣṇadāsa Kavirāja, 244-62, 347. See also Caitanya-caritāmṛta; Govindalīlāmṛta

Kṛṣṇarāma Dāsa, 390-97. See also Śitalā Maṅgala

kṣatriya, 11, 22, 290, 310

Kubera, 292

Kulakṣmī, 437. See also Odasā

Kumārapāla, 628

kuṇḍalinī, 194, 196, 337, 566

Kūrma Purāṇa. See Purāṇas

Lakṣmī, 27, 48, 49, 140-41, 352, 437. See also Mother Ten

Lālan Fakir, 187-208

līlā, 244

līlā-smaraṇa, 244

madāḥ, 161, 167-69

Mahābhārata, 14, 22-24, 487, 533-35, 539-40, 543-46

Mahāpratisarā, 228-34

Mahāvīra. See Vardhamāna Mahāvira

Mahāyāna Buddhism, 20, 227-28

Mahendravarman I, 28, 235-43

Maheśvara. See Śiva

Mahiṣa, 57

Maḥmūd of Ghazni, 32, 402, 627-28

makāra, 282

Makkhali Gosāla, 15

Māl. See Viṣṇu

manāqibā, 161, 169-71

Manasā, 389

Mānasollāsa (of Bhulokamalla Someśvara), 289

Mānatuṅga, 426, 599. See also Bhaktāmarastotram

maṇḍala, 105, 291

maṅgala-kāvya, 55, 355, 579

Māṇikkavācakar, 14, 29, 30, 51, 145-58. See also Tirukkōvaiyār, Tiruvācakam

mañjarī, 246-47

Mañjuśrī, 104-25

Mān Singh, 403

mantra, 11, 227-28, 245, 282, 292, 337, 354, 376, 426, 565

mantrayāna, 104, 548-49

mānuṣa, 337, 339, 340-41, 343, 349

Manusmṛti, 541-42, 629

Māra, 548

ma’rifat, 191

Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa. See Purāṇas

Mastnāth, 403-11

Matsyendranāth, 400, 459

maulid, 159. See also mīlād sharif

maulūd, 160-61, 162, 163-67

māyā, 80, 639

Māya, 80, 86-87

Menakā, 58

Meykaṇṭadevar, 307

milād sharīf, 367-72. See also maulid

Mill, James, 46

Mīmāṃsā, 21, 30

Mīnāṭci, 49, 211, 217-18

Mīrābāī, 40

mi’rāj, 175

Mīrāṃ, 463-72. See also Mīrāṃ Ātma-Kathā

Mīrāṃ Ātma-Kathā (of Mīrāṃ), 463-72

Miyān Mīr, 507, 509

Mohamed Ali, 47

mokām, 193

mokṣa, 13, 15, 352, 533

Mother Ten, 49, 50, 434-48

Muḥammad, 31, 36, 159-86, 209, 210, 213, 215, 217, 221-22, 223-24, 367-72, 496; as Aḥmad, 175; as Muṣṭafā, 161

Muhammad ibn al-Qāsim, 160

Mu’izzuddīn Muhammad of Ghūr, 32

mu’jazā, 161, 171-73

mukti, 352

Mukunda-muktāvalī (of Siddha Mukundadeva), 344-47

munājāt, 161, 167-69

Muṇḍaka Upanisṣad. See Upaniṣads

Mundāvaṇī (of Arjan), 128, 131-32

Murari. See Kṛṣṇa

murshid, 190

Murukaṉ, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214-15, 216, 218-19, 220-21

Muṣṭafā. See Muḥammad

nām, 449

Nammāḻvār, 14

nām-simaran, 79, 127

Nandi, 306, 307, 629

na’t, 173-86

Naṭarāja. See Śiva

nāth, 399

Nāth Siddhas, 92, 190, 399-411, 459

Navarātri, 435

nirguṇa, 39

nirvāṇa, 79

Nityānanda, 246, 247, 377-88, 391

Niẓām al-Dīn Awliyā’ Badā’onī, 496, 502, 513

Nyāya, 21

Odasā, 437

Padma Purāṇa. See Purāṇas

Pañcarakṣā, 227-34

Pāñcarātra, 29, 637

panth, 449

Paraśurāma. See Viṣṇu

paritta, 227

Pārśva, 16, 326, 331

paruvam, 209-10, 212-13

Pārvatī. See Kālī

pāśa, 306, 307

paśu, 306, 307

Pāṣupatas, 29, 631, 637-39

Paśupati. See Śiva

Patañjali, 15. See also Yogasūtras

pati, 307

Periyapurāṇam, 240

phala, 13

piḷḷaittamiḻ, 39, 209-24

pīr, 36, 402, 566, 578

prakṛti, 194, 336

prasāda, 374

prema, 195, 337, 340, 341, 343

Priyadās, 79, 80. See also Bhaktirasabodhinī

pūjā, 20, 28-29, 282, 601

Purāṇas, 24-27, 637; Bhāgavata Purāṇa, 39, 245, 249, 337; Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, 25, 580; Kūrma Purāṇa, 637-48; Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa 27; Padma Purāṇa, 247-48, 263-68; Skanda Purāṇa, 580; Viṣṇu Purāṇa, 25

Purantaraṉ. See Indra

pūrbaj, 269, 276-79

puruṣa, 194, 336, 339

Puruṣa, 11, 19, 23, 26

Puraṣasūkta (Ṛg Veda 10.90), 11, 19, 23

Puṣyamitra, 236

qalandar, 36

Qur’ān, 32, 33, 35

Qutb al-Dīn Aibak, 32

Rādhā, 238, 244-68, 334, 336, 337-38

Rājaraāja I, 235

Rajjab Dās, 78

Rāma, 23, 51, 87-88, 141-42, 275-76

Ramakrishna Mission, 47

Rāmakṛṣṇa, 47, 418, 420

Rāmānanda, 77, 88-89

Rāmānuja, 31

Rāmāyaṇa, 22-24, 289

Rammohan Roy, 46

Rāmprasād Sen, 42, 55, 61

Ranjīt Singh, 44

rasa (with various meanings), 238, 281, 283, 335, 337-38, 341-46, 348

Rasārnava, 43, 281-87

rasāyana, 281-83, 337

rātijagā, 269, 279-80

Rāvaṇa, 22

Ṛg Veda, 8-12, 23, 25, 291

Ṛṣabha, 426

Rudra, 25-26, 638

Rukmanī, 488-94

Rūpa Gosvāmī, 39, 245-46, 247-48, 564. See also Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu

Sādhaka Rañjana (of Kamalākānta Bhatfācārya), 56

sādhanā, 188, 195-96, 399

saguṇa, 39

sahaj mānuṣ, 192, 194-98

sahaj stithī, 79

sahaja, 190, 333, 336, 337, 341

Sahajdhari Sikhs, 321

Sailī. See Tulsī

Śaiva Āgamas, 29, 305, 310

Śaiva-Śāktas, 189, 190

Śaiva Siddhānta, 29, 45, 145, 213, 304-10

śākta padāvalī, 55

Śākta Tantras, 29, 41

śākti, 190, 194, 197, 198

Śākti. See Kālī

sakuna, 288

Śākyamuni Buddha, 548

ṣalawāt, 159, 175

sallekhanā, 18

sama’, 36

Sāma Veda, 8

Sambhu. See Śiva

samhitā, 8

Sāṃkhya, 15, 21

saṃsāra, 12-13, 15, 533

sandhyā bhāṣā, 78, 190, 334

saṇgha, 227

Śaṇkara, 31, 47. See also Śiva

Śankarnāth, 403-11. See also Śrī Mastnāth Carita

sannayāsin, 13, 462

sant, 77

sant bhāṣā, 78

Sants, 190, 401, 402

Saramā, 291

Sarasvatī, 27

Sarbāngī (of Kabir), 78

Śārṇgadhara, 288-303. See also Sārṇgadhara Paddhati

Śārṅgadhara Paddhati (of Śārṅgadhara), 288-303

Sarvatathāgata-tattvasaṃgraha, 548-55

Ṣaṣṭhī, 352-66, 389

Śatapatha Brhmaṇa. See Brāhmaṇas

satguru, 79

satī, 46, 49, 269, 270-73

Satī, 60

Satya Nārāyaṇa. See Viṣṇu

Satya Pīr, 578-97

Sayyid Muḥammad ibn Ja’far al-Makkī, 495-501

Shāh Alam II, 404-5

Shalok (of Arjan), 128, 132

sharī’at, 191, 521

shaykh, 36

Shaykh Naṣīr al-Dīn Mahmud Chirāgh-i Dihlī, 37, 513-17

siddha, 292, 399, 599

Siddha Mukundadeva, 344-47. See also Mukunda-muktāvalī

Siddhārtha Gautama, 16, 18-19, 542-43

siddhi, 281, 399

Sikandar Lodī, 77, 90

Sikhism, 43-44, 47, 321-25, 449-61

Sikh Rahit Maryādā, 321-25

Sirhindī. See Aḥmad Sirhindī

śiṣya, 43

Sītā, 23, 289

Śītalā, 49, 389-97, 434-35

Śītalā Maṅgala (of Kṛṣṇarāma Dāsa), 390-97

Śiva, 25-26, 42, 59-60, 135-36, 145-58, 239, 242-43, 281, 304-20, 336, 399, 401, 612, 629, 631, 637-48; as Ardhanarīśvara, 146-47; as Bhairava, 282; as 59; as Īśvara, 235; as Kāpālī, 147; as Kapārdin, 631; as Maheśvara, 548-55; as Naṭarāja, 148; as Paśupati, 137-38, 637; as Sambhu, 292; as Śankara, 59; as Somanātha, 627-36; as Sthāṇu, 240, 242; as Vīrabhadra, 148; as Viśvanātha, 136-37. See also Rudra

śiva-liṅga, 138, 237, 238, 240, 241, 243, 281, 283, 304, 307, 312, 637-48

Skanda Purāṇa. See Purāṇas

smṛti, 610

Soma, 10

Somanātha. See Śiva

Śrī Mastnāth Carita (of Śankarnāth), 403-11

Śrīvidya, 612, 614

śruti, 609, 610

Sthāṇu. See Śiva

sthūla śarīra, 192

stūpa, 19

Subḥat al-marjān fi āthār Hindustan (of Āzād), 556-63

śudra, 10, 11, 290, 310

sufi, 35

Sufism, 33, 35-37, 190, 402, 453, 455, 460-61, 495-512, 513-17, 518-29

Sukhmanī Sāhib (of Arjan), 126-31

sūkṣma śarīra, 192

Sulṭān Bāhū, 36, 37, 518-25

Sūrdās, 40

Sūrya, 143-44

Svāmī Dayānanda Sarasvatī, 47, 463

Svāmī Vivekānanda, 47-48

Śvetāmbara Jains, 18, 47, 326, 598-99, 601

Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad. See Upaniṣads

Śyāmā. See Kālī

Syed Ahmed Khan, 47

Tagore, Rabindranath, 78, 187

Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa. See Brāhmaṇas

Taittirīya Saṃhitā, 537

tantra (Hindu and Buddhist), 41-43, 104-5, 189-91, 227-28, 281-82, 292, 333-51, 401, 548-49, 565, 609-26

tapas, 420

Tārā. See Kālī

tawhīd, 175

Tilak, B. G., 48

tīrtha, 627, 639

tīrthaṅkara, 16, 326

Tirukkōvaiyār (of Māṇikkavācakar), 145

Tirumāl. See Viṣṇu

Tirumuṟai, 145

Tiruvācakam (of Māṇikkavācakar), 145-58

Tripurā. See Kālī

Tripurasundariī. See Kālī

triveṇt, 193, 195

Tukārām, 38, 51, 92-103

tulsī, 487

Tulsī, 49, 487-94; as Sailī, 487

Udayaprabhasūri, 412. See also Dharmābhyudayamahākāvya ulaṭabāṃsī, 78, 197

Umā. See Kālī

Upaniṣads, 8, 12-14, 537-39; Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, 3, 12, 14, 538; Chandogya Upaniṣad, 538-39; Kaula Upaniṣad, 610-26; Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad, 537-38; Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad, 26

Vaikhānasa, 29

vairāgi, 77

Vairocana, 548

Vaiśeṣika, 21

Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyās, 189, 193, 333-51

Vaiṣṇava Samhitās, 29

vaiśya, 11, 290, 310

vajra, 106

Vajradhara, 105

Vajrapāṇi, 548-55

vajrayāna, 104

Varāhamihira, 289. See also Bṛhat Samhitā

Vardhamāna Mahāvira, 16-17, 326

Vārkarīs, 92-93

varṇa, 11, 290

Varuṇa, 292

Vāyu, 292

veda, 8

Vedāṅgas, 8

vedānta, 12

Vedanta Society, 47

Vedas, 8, 14

Vedavyasa, 133, 134-35, 136-37

Vijay Ānandasūri, 47

vijayā poems, 58

Vīrabhadra. See Śiva

viraha, 79, 161, 190

virahinī, 161-62

Vīraśaivas, 38

Viṣṇu, 23-24, 25, 333, 488, 632, 637, 638; as Kalkin, 25; as Kamalāpati, 139-40; as Māl, 148; as Paraśurāma, 25; as Satya Nārāyaṇa, 578-97; as Tirumāl, 148. See also Kṛṣṇa; Rāma; Satya Pīr; Viṭṭhala