ΛCDM model, 292, 294, 296, 361
Abell, George, 170
accelerating expansion of the universe, 280, 281
acoustic oscillations, 285
active galaxies, 176, 189, 269, 296, 307, 314
Adams, John Couch, 97
Adams, Walter, 186
age of Earth, 99
age of the universe, 298
Aguirre, Anthony, 318
Alamūt, 59
al-Balkhi, Abü Ma'shar, 58
Albert, David, 368
Albrecht, Andreas, 249
alchemy, 79
al-Khalili, Jim, 58
al-Kindī, Ya’qūb ibn Ishāq, 58, 318
Almagest (The Great System or The Majestic), 52, 56
Alpha-Centauri, 95
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02), 304
alpha particles, 172
alpha-radiation, 133
Alpher, Bethe, and Gamow, 173
al-Sijzi, 58
alternate histories, 370
al-Tūsi, Nasr al-Dīn, 59
Alvarez, Luis, 260
AMANDA (Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array), 306
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 148
amino acids in space, 349
Ampère's law, 105
Anaximenes, 40
Andromeda, 142, 144, 147, 149, 155, 161, 168, 287, 315
Andrus, Hyrum, 343
angular power spectrum, 285
anthropic principle, 351
Apache Point Observatory, 289
apeiron, 39
Apollo 11, 205
Apollo 17, 205
Aristarchus of Samos, 20, 51, 60, 62
Aristotelian scholasticism, 50
Aristotle, 38, 43, 46, 48, 56, 60, 78, 114, 343, 368
ATIC (Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter), 303
Atkatz, David, 324
atomic clock, 118
atomic theory of matter, 47, 329
atomist cosmology, 41
atomists, 50, 86, 107, 115, 345
Augustine of Hippo, 55
Australia Telescope Compact Array (ACTA), 285
axions, 276
Baade, Walter, 162
Babcock, Horace, 168
Babylonian astronomy, 31, 51, 119
Bacon, Francis, 21
Bardeen, James, 257
baryogenesis, 231
density, 199, 201, 211, 228, 298
oscillation, 289
baryon oscillation spectrographic survey (BOSS), 289
BATSE (Burst and Transient Source Experiment), 268
Bayesian statistics, 364
Becquerel, Henri, 133
Bernoulli, Daniel, 95
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, 95
beta-decay, 173, 196, 202, 216, 218, 272
beta-radiation, 136
biblical creation myth, 33
big bang, 21, 137, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 167, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 183, 186, 188, 203, 211, 228, 239, 243, 263, 274, 296, 321, 350
big-bang nucleosynthesis, 175, 177, 188, 191, 196, 198, 201, 211, 228, 275, 313
biological evolution, 67, 98, 349, 353, 376
blackbody radiation, 112, 116, 175, 186, 246, 263
Blake, William, 92
BL-Lac objects, 181
B-Mode polarization, 17, 210, 300
Bohm, David, 336
Bohr, Niels, 95, 133, 154, 172, 334
Bohr's atomic theory, 134
Boltzmann, Ludwig, 108, 109, 111
Boltzmann's constant, 192, 353
Book of Mormon, 344
BOOMERANG (Balloon Observations of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation and Geophysics), 186, 290
Borde, Arvind, 318
Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso, 208
Bouvard, Alex, 96
Bradley, James, 74
branes, 236
Brillouin, Léon, 154
Brout, Robert, 223
Brown, Robert, 133
brown dwarfs, 316
Brownian motion, 133
Brugsch, Heinrich, 35
Budge, Sir Wallis, 35
Bunsen, Robert, 94
Burbidge, Geoffrey, 175, 183, 186, 263
Burbidge, Margaret, 175
Bush, George W., 375
Calán/Tololo Supernova Survey, 280
Callahan, Tim, 35
canals on Mars, 142
Cantor, Georg, 318
Cavendish, Henry, 76
Center for Particle Astrophysics, 280
Cepheid variables, 140, 141, 147, 148, 156, 162, 255
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, 280
Chadwick, James, 135
chaos theory, 372
chaotic inflation, 249, 252, 258
charge-coupled device (CCD), 206
Charles II (king of England), 21
Chen, Jennifer, 318
Chinese creation myth, 160
Chown, Marcus, 369
chromatic aberration, 81
Cleveland, Lemuel, 148
climate change, 376
CMB (cosmic microwave background), 17, 22, 175, 179, 184, 187, 188, 203, 207, 209, 240, 246, 257, 259, 260, 267, 271, 276, 284, 289, 290, 292, 296, 300, 333, 361
CMB angular power spectrum, 294, 296
CMBFAST, 292
COBE (Cosmic Microwave Background Explorer), 260–65, 285, 290
cold dark matter, 275, 291, 294
Collins, Robin, 351, 355, 362, 366
color charge, 217
Coma cluster, 168
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, 268
conservation
of angular momentum, 126
of electric charge, 127, 197, 202, 231, 354
of energy, 76, 98, 101, 125, 126, 176, 280, 365, 366
of linear momentum, 126
of matter, 104
of momentum, 75
Constantine, Emperor, 55
controlled nuclear fusion, 174
Copenhagen interpretation, 334, 337
and Luther, 67
Copernican principle, 177
Copernican revolution, 60, 139
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 20, 24, 52, 59, 60, 65, 74, 328
cosmic consciousness, 225
cosmic distance ladder, 255
cosmic neutrino background (CνB), 196, 276
cosmological constant, 122, 149, 153, 158, 171, 176, 245, 250, 278, 294, 298, 317, 332, 356, 361
cosmological-constant problem, 283, 357
cosmological curvature parameter, 245
cosmological principle, 166
cosmological scale factor, 251, 325, 339
Cowley, Robert, 345
CPT-symmetry, 220
Crab Nebula, 270
Craig, William Lane, 34, 240, 246, 317, 318, 328, 330, 342, 343, 350
creation ex nihilo, 34, 35, 48
critical density, 199, 211, 239, 278, 280, 291, 361
Crossley, Edward, 99
C-symmetry, 220
Curie, Marie, 133
curvature parameter, 153, 199, 209, 245, 325
cyclical universe, 37
Dalton, John, 107
Dark Age (of universe), 295, 314
Dark Ages (of Europe), 60
dark energy, 23, 256, 258, 280, 291, 314, 317, 356, 361
dark matter, 23, 168, 202, 210, 256, 259, 266, 275, 278, 295, 302, 305, 312, 313
Darwin, Charles, 98
Davidson, Keay, 263
Davisson, Clinton, 130
Davisson and Germer experiment, 130
Dawkins, Richard, 85
de Broglie, Louis, 129, 154, 336
de Broglie wavelength, 129
de Cheseaux, Jean-Philippe, 84
decoupling, 193, 240, 284, 294, 312. See also recombination
Deep Undersea Muon and Neutrino Detector. See DUMAND
deflection of light by the sun, 123
de Lalande, Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois, 93
Demiurge, 47
Democritus, 17, 19, 41, 75, 78, 121, 228
density
of baryonic matter, 294
De rerum natura (The Nature of Things) (Lucretius), 41, 133
De revolutionibus orbium celestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) (Copernicus), 60, 64
de Sitter universe, 151, 245, 250, 257, 281, 316, 330–32
deuterium abundance, 360
de Vaucouleurs, Gérard, 279
Dick, Philip K., 344
Dicke, Robert, 184
differential microwave radiometer, 260, 284
diffraction of light, 82, 128, 130
diffuse infrared background, 261
Dirac, Paul, 131, 135, 137, 154, 165, 226, 242
Dirac's quantum mechanics, 131
Dirac's relativistic quantum theory, 134
Donner, Jerzy, 65
Doppler, Christian Andreas, 97
Duhem, Pierre, 105
Dyson, Freeman, 215
Eddington, Arthur, 111, 124, 154, 157, 159, 165, 170, 174
EGRET (Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope), 269, 271
Egyptian cosmos/creation myth, 31
Einstein, Albert, 74, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 124, 128, 133, 149, 154, 158, 171, 209, 323, 335
Einstein Observatory, 205
Einstein's gravitational equation, 152
Einstein's static universe, 150
Einstein's theory of gravity, 122. See also general relativity
Eisenstein, Daniel, 290
Ekpyrotic universe, 300
electromagnetic waves, 106, 116, 117
electron pair annihilation, 194
electroweak interaction, 222–24, 234, 235, 311
emergent phenomena, 340
emergent time, 341
empiricism, 21
energy density
of matter, 280
of spatial curvature, 298
entropy problem, 331
epicycles, 52
equation of state, 207, 298, 338
Euclidean geometry, 56, 199, 239, 245, 274
Euler, Leonhard, 88
Everett, Hugh, III, 337, 338, 343
expansion rate of the universe, 355, 360, 361
Faraday, Michael, 105, 106, 116, 222
Fermi, Enrico, 136
Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, 303, 323
Fermi National Laboratory (Fermilab), 189, 190
Feynman, Richard, 214, 215, 218, 223, 226, 322, 337, 338, 370
first law of thermodynamics, 101, 280
first-order phase transitions, 244, 248
Fisher, Richard, 255
Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction, 117
flatness problem, 239, 244, 245, 274
Follin, James, 187
Fourier, Jean Baptiste, 208
Fourier transforms, 208
France, Anatole, 372
Fraunhofer lines, 94
Friedmann, Alexander, 151, 172, 188
Friedmann-Lemaître cosmology, 154, 170
Friedmann's equations, 152, 153, 239, 245, 310, 325, 331
Galilean relativity, 73, 105, 117, 121
Galileo, 20, 24, 48, 55, 66, 69, 70, 77, 96
gauge theories, 127, 222, 223, 242
Gauss, Johann Carl Friedrich, 105
Geiger, Hans, 133
Geller, Margaret, 256
general relativity, 118, 121, 132, 160, 243, 281, 317, 322, 323, 324, 366, 367
creation myth, 160
Georgi, Howard, 233
Gerard of Cremona, 56
Germer, Lester, 130
GG-GUT, 233
Giacconi, Riccardo, 206
Gibbons, Gary, 257
Gibbs, Josiah Willard, 108
Giese, Tiedemann, 64
Global Positioning System (GPS), 118, 125
Goddard Space Flight Center, 307
God-guided evolution, 67
God-of-the-gaps argument, 24, 349, 365
Gorham, Peter, 271
grand unified theories. See GUTs
Gratton, Steven, 318
gravitational lensing, 210, 211, 300, 302
gravitational time dilation, 125
gravitational waves, 299
graviton, 322
GRB 090510, 324
Great Attractor, 255
Great Wall, 256
Greene, Brian, 226
Greenstein, Jesse, 180
Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit, 271
Grosseteste, Robert, 57
Gunn, James, 191
Guralnik, Gerry, 223
Guth, Alan, 244, 249, 257, 265, 318, 348
GUT phase transition, 235, 242, 248
GUTs (grand unified theories), 231, 233, 234, 243, 244, 247, 249, 311
Hagen, Dick, 223
Hale, George Ellery, 140, 146, 161
Harrison, Edward, 208, 209, 329
Harrison-Zel’dovich power spectrum, 209
Hartle, James, 325
Hashashim, 59
Hawking, Stephen, 28, 125, 240, 243, 246, 257, 264, 317, 325, 342, 343, 370
HEAO 1, 205
HEAO 2. See Einstein Observatory
HEAO 3, 206
heat death, 102, 103, 111, 316
HEGRA (High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy, 271
Heisenberg, Werner, 131, 134, 154, 334
Heisenberg matrix mechanics, 131
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 283, 310, 320, 367
Henderson, Thomas, 95
Herschel, Frederick William, 83, 96
Hesiod, 38
hiddenness of God, 161
Higgs, Peter, 223
Higgs boson, 17, 19, 213, 219, 223, 226, 230, 234, 311
Higgs mechanism, 223, 242, 312, 323, 355
Hilbert, David, 319
Hindu astronomy/creation myth, 37
holism, 228
Homer, 38
horizon problem, 240, 244, 246
hot dark matter, 275
Hoyle, Fred, 159, 174, 175, 177, 178, 183, 186, 188, 189, 263, 358
Hubble, Edwin, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 154, 156, 164, 167, 171, 188, 278
Hubble constant, 171, 199, 267, 278
Hubble expansion, 240, 246, 254, 258, 310
Hubble parameter, 157, 355, 360, 361
Hubble's law, 155, 157, 161, 166, 171, 180, 256, 298, 356
Hubble Space Telescope (HST), 267, 268, 296
Huchra, John, 256
Huggins, William, 97
Hūlāgū Khan, 59
Huygens, Christiaan, 81
Hydra-Centaurus supercluster, 255
IceCube, 306
indeterminism, 336
indirect dark-matter searches, 302
Industrial Revolution, 92, 101
inflation, 18, 151, 243, 245, 246, 257, 264, 328, 374, 376
interference of light, 128, 130
internal energy, 281
invariance, 219
irreversible processes, 109, 110
island universes, 143, 144, 148
isotope, 135
Jagiellonian University, 61
Jansky, Karl, 168
Jeans, James, 113, 154, 175, 207
Jeans mass, 207
Joshua, 64
Julian calendar, 62
Jupiter, moons of, 70
Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment (KAMIOKANDE), 233, 270
Kazanas, Demosthenes, 244
Keck telescopes, 267
Kelvin, Lord (William Thomson), 98, 103, 109, 115
Kepler, Johannes, 69, 70, 77, 84
Kepler's laws of planetary motion, 69, 77, 80, 87, 89
Kepler Space Observatory, 346, 347
Khayyām, Omar, 59
kinematic time, 166
Kirchhoff, Gustav, 94
Kolb, Edward (Rocky), 190
Koshiba, Masatoshi, 273
Krauss, Lawrence, 278, 367, 368
Kuhlmann, Meinhard, 227
Lactantius, 55
Lagrange, Joseph-Louis, 88
encounter with Napoleon, 90
Lagrange's equations, 89
Lake Baikal, 306
Lambda website, 285
Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 88, 90, 91, 92, 125
Laplace transformations, 89
Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 19, 192, 236, 224, 230, 235, 277, 302, 312, 322
Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), 140, 147, 190, 234
Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), 299
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 260
Leavitt, Norm, 368
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 76, 82, 85, 90, 92, 345
Lemaître, Georges, 153, 154, 157, 158, 159, 162, 164, 167, 170, 173, 188
Lemaître-Eddington model, 170
Lemaître's primeval atom, 171
leptogenesis, 231
lepton-number conservation, 230, 234
Le Verrier, Urbain Jean Joseph, 97, 123
Lifshitz, Evgenii, 207
light horizon, 21
light nuclei, formation of, 195
Lindberg, David C., 48
Lindbergh, Charles, 344
Linde, Andrei, 249, 251, 330, 332
Linde's chaotic model, 299
Lipperhey (or Lippershey), Hans, 69
Livingston, Louisiana, 299
Livy, 345
long-baseline interferometry, 268
Los Alamos, 173
Loschmidt, Josef, 109
Lourdes, 371
Lowell, Percival, 142
LUX (Large Underground Xenon experiment), 303
M87, 143
MACRO (Monopole, Astrophysics, and Cosmic Ray Observatory), 243
MACS0647-JD, 127
magnetic-monopole problem, 242, 244
Manhattan Project, 173
many worlds interpretation (MWI), 333, 337, 342, 339
Marāgha, 59
Marsden, Ernest, 133
mass density of the universe, 360
Mathematical Universe Hypothesis (MUH), 341
matter-antimatter asymmetry, 194, 201, 230
matter dominance, 203, 258, 313, 280
Matthews, Thomas, 180
MAXIMA (Millimeter Anisotropy Experiment Imaging Array), 290
Maxwell, James Clerk, 99, 105, 110, 114, 116, 222, 286
Maxwell's demon, 110
Maxwell's equations, 106, 112, 114, 116, 117, 121, 222, 367
McKellar, Andrew, 186
Mendeleev, Dmitri, 107
Mesopotamian cosmology, 32, 34
Messier 87, 271
Michell, John, 125
Michelson and Morley experiment, 114, 117, 121, 300
Millikan, Robert, 128
Milne, Edward Arthur, 166
minimal SU(5), 233
Minkowski, Hermann, 119
Minkowski space-time, 153
mirror symmetry (parity), 220
Mlodinow, Leonard, 342, 343, 270
model-dependent reality, 342, 343
Multi-Mirror Telescope (MMT), 206
multipole index, 284
Napoleon, 94
Narlikar, Jayant, 175
nebular hypothesis, 93
Neddermeyer, Seth, 135
Nemiroff, Robert, 323
neutrino photograph of the sun, 273
neutron star, 182, 206, 271, 316, 323
Newton, Isaac, 20, 24, 63, 73, 81, 82, 87, 89, 90, 95, 222
Newtonian mechanics, 73, 75, 76, 116, 208, 73, 75, 87, 89, 106, 107, 108, 116, 334, 367
Newtonian world machine, 91, 106
Newton's gravitational constant, 76, 166, 252, 353
Newton's law of gravity, 76, 95, 112, 116, 168
Noether's theorem, 126, 127, 221, 366
non-Euclidean geometry, 122, 153
North, John, 43
Northwestern University, 143
nuclear radiation, 135
nuclei, composition of, 134
Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias, 84
Olbers's paradox, 84
ontological pluralism, 342
Oort, Jan, 168
operational definition, 26, 132
Öpik, Ernst, 147
oscillatory universe, 184, 317
Osiander, Andreas, 63, 64, 65, 69
Overbye, Dennis, 190
Page, Don, 339
Pagels, Heinz, 324
Palomar Sky Survey, 170
PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics), 303
parallax, 51, 68, 95, 98, 139, 255
parity. See mirror symmetry
particle-antiparticle asymmetry, 195
particle theory of light, 78, 82, 123, 124, 128
Pauli, Wolfgang, 134, 136, 154
Pauli exclusion principle, 134, 236
Penzias, Arno, 184
perfect cosmological principle, 176, 177
periodic table, 23, 46, 112, 134, 174
period-luminosity relation, 140, 141
Perlmutter, Saul, 280
Perrin, Jean Baptiste, 154
Philolaus, 43
photodisintegration, 178
photoelectric effect, 112, 116, 128, 270
pilot waves, 337
Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex, 255
Planck length, 132, 244, 250, 320, 324
Planck mass, 132, 320, 322, 325, 339, 355
Planck Observatory, 199, 287, 296, 299, 333
Planck spectrum, 186
Planck time, 132, 192, 239, 250, 253, 310, 320, 321, 324
Poe, Edgar Allan, 84
Poincaré, Jules Henri, 89, 109, 154
point-of-view invariance, 221, 367, 373
Poisson, Siméon Denis, 89
POLARBEAR, 210
Pollock, Jackson, 352
Polyakov, Alexander, 242
Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 162
Pope Paul III, 65
Pope Urban VIII, 71
power spectrum, 208
precession of the perihelion of Mercury, 123
Preskill, John, 242
Price, Robert, 372
primordial fluctuations, 265, 285
primordial nucleosynthesis, 174
Principia (Newton), 77
Protestant Reformation, 63, 67
proton decay, 218, 234–35, 360
Ptolemaic model, 52, 57, 66, 70
Ptolemy, Claudius, 20, 51–54, 56, 57, 68, 89
quantum chromodynamics, 218, 229, 277
quantum deism, 321
quantum electrodynamics (QED), 88, 222, 215, 322
quantum field theory, 215, 225, 227, 228, 322
quantum fluctuations, 250, 332
quantum foam, 323
quantum gravity, 132, 277, 322, 323, 340
quantum mysticism, 225
quantum tunneling, 325
quasars, 75, 176, 177, 179, 181, 201, 296, 314
quasi equilibrium, 191–95, 229, 258, 312
quintessence, 49, 52, 53, 114, 115, 281, 298
Qur’an, 344
radiation dominance, 202, 203, 258, 313
radiative capture, 174
radio astronomy, 168, 179, 184
radio galaxies, 181
Rankine, William, 104
Rayleigh, Lord (John Strutt), 113
Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum, 113, 128, 186
recurrence theorem, 109
redshift, 84, 97, 143, 255, 279, 280
reductionism, 228
Rees, Martin, 361
reionization, 294, 295, 296, 314
relativistic quantum field theory, 137
relativistic theory of electrons, 131
Resure-DK1, 303
Rheticus, Georg Joachim, 63–65
Richey, George, 144
Riess, Adam, 279
Robertson, Howard, 152
Robertson-Walker metric, 152
Roll, Peter, 184
Rosenberg, Alex, 317
Ross, Hugh, 352, 354, 359, 361
Roth, Philip, 344
Rubin, Vera, 211
Rutherford, Ernest, 133, 154, 172
Rutherford model of atom, 133
Ryle, Martin, 176
Sachs, Ranier, 209
Sachs-Wolfe effect, 209
Salam, Abdus, 222
Salam-Glashow-Weinberg model, 223
Sato, Katsuhiko, 244
scalar field, 281
scale factor of universe, 152
scale invariance, 208, 209, 257, 266, 285
scale-invariant fluctuations, 257
Scanning Tunneling Microscope, 109
Schiaparelli, Giovanni, 142
Schmidt, Bernard, 170
Schmidt, Brian, 279
Schmidt, Maarten, 180
Schönborn, Christoph, 328
Schöner, Johann, 64
Schramm, David, 189, 190, 191, 195, 201, 229
Schrödinger, Erwin, 130, 134, 154
Schrödinger wave mechanics, 130, 131, 325, 339
Schwarzschild, Karl, 125
Schwarzschild radius, 125, 132
Schwinger, Julian, 215
Scorpius X-1, 206
second, definition of, 119
second law of thermodynamics, 102, 109–11, 321, 332
Seleucus, 51
selfish genes, 85
Seljak, Uros, 292
SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), 376, 348
Seyfert, Carl, 181
Seyfert galaxies, 181
Shapley, Harlow, 140, 141, 144–48, 157, 158, 162
Shostak, Seth, 348
Sidereus Nuncius (Starry Messenger) (Galileo), 70–71
SK telescope, 285
Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), 289
slow-roll inflation, 251
Smith, Joseph, 344
Smoot, George, 260, 263, 264, 284
social-constructivist postmodernism, 27
Sosigenes, 54
Soyuz, 303
space-rotation symmetry, 126, 221
space-translation symmetry, 126, 221
sparticle, 236
special relativity, 74, 98, 116, 118, 120, 132, 160, 165, 202, 322, 367
spectral index of primordial fluctuations, 209, 294, 298
spherical aberration, 99
spontaneous symmetry breaking, 220, 244, 310
standard model of cosmology, 372
standard model of elementary particles, 17, 19, 35, 46, 191, 212, 218, 216, 219, 221, 224–30, 234, 276, 305, 311, 355, 372
Starobinsky, Alexsei, 243
steady-state universe, 175, 179, 182, 267
Stecker, Floyd, 307
Steigman, Gary, 190
stellar aberration, 74
stellar nucleosynthesis, 174, 177, 179, 189, 263, 358
strength of gravity, 322
strong lensing, 302
strong nuclear force, 136, 218
subquantum forces, 337
Suiminen, Edwin, 372
supercooling, 248
Super-Kamiokande, 233, 235, 272–74
supermassive black holes, 181, 268, 296
Supernova Cosmology Project, 280
supernovae, 144, 170, 190, 279
supernova SN 1987, 272
supersymmetry (SUSY), 235, 236, 377, 302, 310, 312, 322
Surys Siddhanta, 37
Swedenborg, Emanuel, 93
tachyons, 120
Taylor, Roger, 188
Teller, Edward, 173
Telstar, 184
temperature power spectrum, 292
Tertullian, 55
Theodicy, 85
Theophilus of Antioch, 57
theory of everything (TOE), 236
thermodynamic case for a divine creation, 103
Thompson, D’Arcy Wentworth, 208
Thomson, J. J., 109
Thomson, William, Lord Kelvin, 98, 103, 115
’t Hooft, Gerard, 242
Timaeus, 47
time
definition of, 118
time-translation invariance, 257
time-translation symmetry, 126, 221
Ting, Samuel, 304
Titan, 81
Tolman, Richard, 165
Tomonaga, Sin-Itiro, 215
Tong, David, 225
topological defect, 242
transit of Mercury, 81
Trinity, 79
triple alpha process, 177, 178
Tully, Brent, 255
Turok, Neil, 300
Tūsi-couple, 60
Tycho's supernova, 68
Tye, Henry, 248
Type Ia supernova, 279
ultraviolet catastrophe, 113, 128
University of California, Berkeley, 280, 348
vacuum energy, 250, 280, 310, 332, 356, 357
van Wolde, Ellen, 35
variable stars, 140
Vega, 95
Vela satellites, 268
very high-energy gamma rays, 190, 206
Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), 267, 269, 271
Viking spacecraft, 205
Vilenkin, Alexander, 318, 325, 330
von Fraunhofer, Joseph, 94
von Helmholtz, Hermann, 83, 98, 102
von Soldner, Johann Georg, 123
von Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm, 95
von Weizäcker, Carl Friedrich, 172, 173
Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, 205
Walker, Arthur, 152
Wallace, Alfred Russel, 98
warm dark matter, 276
Watzenroad, Lukasz, 61
wave-function collapse, 335, 337
wave function of the universe, 325, 339
wave-particle duality, 130, 131, 228
wave theory of light, 78, 82, 106, 112, 113, 115, 124
weak bosons, 216, 219, 223, 224
weak gravitational lensing, 302
weak interaction, 136, 190, 195, 216, 220, 222, 234, 311
Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP), 277, 302
Weekes, Trevor, 270
Weinberg, Steven, 184, 187, 188, 222, 356
Wheeler-DeWitt equation, 325, 339, 341
Whittle, Mark, 292
Wilczek, Frank, 369
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), 199, 287, 292, 294, 296, 333
Wilson, Robert, 184
Wolfe, Arthur, 209
Wollaston, William, 94
Wootters, William, 339
worldlines, 318
x-rays, 107
ylem, 173
Young, Thomas, 82
Yukawa, Hideki, 137
Zaldarriaga, Matias, 292
Zel’dovich, Yakov, 188, 208, 209
Zeno of Citium, 50