A
abolitionists, 26–30, 36, 39, 41, 42–43, 49–51, 56, 71, 72, 88, 101, 103–104, 111
activities
Advertisement Transformation, 76
Broadcast Your Views on a Broadside, 33
Construct a Miniature Dismal Swamp, 46
Cook a Hoe Cake, 20
Design a New House for a New Life, 105
Find Polaris, 60
Follow the Drinking Gourd, 61
Freedom Chain, 114
Geography and Politics, 106
Graphing the Transatlantic Slave Trade, 19
Let’s Shake On It, 92
Make Your Own Memorial, 115
Map Your Route, 93
Through Their Eyes, 91
Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down, 45
Who Goes There?, 32
Would You Break the Law?, 77
Write a Coded Message, 59
You Can Take This Hero To the Bank, 90
American Colonization Society, iv, 27
B
Blackburn, Thorton and Ruth, 95–96
Booth, Griffin, 40
Buxton or Elgin settlement, v, 97
C
Canada
abolition of slavery in, v, 49
free blacks moving to, 64
Underground Railroad to, 3, 4, 42, 48, 49–50, 73, 74, 80, 88, 94–95, 99
Capeheart, John, 65
Carter, John, 39
children, in slavery, 7, 10, 17–18, 27, 111
civil disobedience, 77, 104, 110
civil rights movement, 109, 110
Civil War, v, 43, 52, 58, 98–104, 108
codes, 40, 55–56, 59, 61, 68–69, 88
conductors as, 4, 35–36, 40, 47, 50, 56, 59, 67, 68, 75, 81–86, 107, 111
danger avoidance help from, 67–74
formation of Underground Railroad with, 34–46
navigation assistance from, 47–61, 68–69, 80–81
stationmasters as, 56, 59, 68, 75, 87–89
conductors, 4, 35–36, 40, 47, 50, 56, 59, 67, 68, 75, 81–86, 107, 111
Constitution, U.S., iv, v, 14–15, 63, 103–104, 109
Craft, Ellen and William, 67–68
D
dangers, 62–79. See also disguises; fugitive slave laws; slave watchers and slave hunters
Declaration of Independence, 12–13
Douglass, Frederick, v, 17, 30–31, 45, 73, 88, 89, 110
E
emancipation, iv, 14, 15, 25, 27, 35, 38, 101–102, 103, 106
Emancipation Proclamation, 101–102, 103, 106
essential questions, 5, 18, 31, 44, 58, 75, 89, 104, 113
F
formation of Underground Railroad, iv, 34–46
free blacks, 15, 24, 28, 36, 39–40, 41, 43–44, 54, 64, 68, 85, 86, 88
freedom
challenges of achieving, 107–115
Civil War resulting in, v, 98–104, 108
Declaration of Independence on, 12–13
emancipation to, iv, 14, 15, 25, 27, 35, 38, 101–102, 103, 106
fugitives seeking, 2–3, 5, 13, 14, 22, 99–101. See also Underground Railroad
indentured servants achieving, 10
Friedman, Peter and family, 85–86
fugitives, 2–3, 5, 13, 14, 22, 99–101. See also Underground Railroad
fugitive slave laws, iv, 49, 63–64, 100
G
Garnett, Henry Highland, 30
Garrison, William Lloyd, iv, 26, 28
Gooch, John, 74
Goodrich, Joseph, 71
Gragston, Arnold, 69
H
Henson, Josiah, 6–7, 21–22, 34, 43, 47–48, 62, 80–81, 94, 97, 107–108
I
indentured servants, 10
J
K
Kline, Henry, 74
Ku Klux Klan, 109
L
Lambert, William, 50, 88, 92, 93
Lane, James, 51
M
maps, 4, 8, 54. See also navigation
Mexico, Underground Railroad to, 4, 48, 52
Moore, Fannie, 17
Mott, Lucretia, 31
Munroe, William, 50
N
Native Americans, 10, 48, 53–54, 81
navigation, 47–61, 68–69, 80–81, 85–86, 88, 93
North, the. See also Canada
abolishment of slavery in, iv, 14, 27, 35
economy of, 11
Underground Railroad to, 3, 4, 48
Union/Union Army in, 17, 58, 98–104
O
Oberlin, Ohio/Oberlin College, 71–73
P
Q
Quakers, 15, 26–27, 28, 35, 37–39
R
race and racial issues, 7, 10, 27, 36, 43, 108–110, 112, 113. See also slavery; slaves
Rankin, John, iv, 41–42, 68, 69
religion
anti-slavery stance and, 15, 26–27, 28, 29, 35, 37–39, 73
slaves’s faith and, 23, 24, 66, 82
resistance, 18, 21–33, 36. See also abolitionists; civil disobedience
Roper, Moses, 75
runaways. See fugitives
S
secrecy, 2–5, 23, 36, 88, 92, 93, 112. See also codes
slavery. See also slaves
abolitionists opposing. See abolitionists
Civil War ending, v, 43, 52, 58, 98–104, 108
Constitution on, iv, v, 14–15, 63, 103–104, 109
Declaration of Independence on, 12–13
resistance to, 18, 21–33, 36. See also abolitionists
slave trade, iv, 7–9, 10, 12, 13, 19, 32
state stances on, iv, v, 3, 4, 14, 15, 16, 34, 50, 63, 99. See also North, the; South, the
slaves. See also slavery
auction or sale of, 1, 8, 13, 18, 22, 58, 74, 75, 78–79, 82, 83
clothing of, 17
emancipation or freeing of, iv, 14, 15, 25, 27, 35, 38, 101–102, 103, 106
fugitive or runaway, 2–3, 5, 13, 14, 22, 99–101. See also Underground Railroad
identification tags for, 32
punishment of, 3, 6, 17, 23, 24, 58, 74–75
quilt patterns of, 57
slave watchers and slave hunters, 3, 36, 40, 42, 44, 56, 58, 63, 65–67, 68, 72, 74, 81, 87, 88, 95
South, the
Confederacy/Confederate Army in, v, 98–104
cotton industry in, 8, 11, 15–16
slave catchers from. See slave watchers and slave hunters
slavery in. See slavery; slaves
Underground Railroad to, 4, 48, 52–54
Stafford, Stepney, 40
stationmasters, 56, 59, 68, 75, 87–89
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 42–43. See also Uncle Tom’s Cabin
T
Tappan, Lewis and Arthur, 28
Todd, John, 40
treacherous travel. See dangers
Truth, Sojourner, 30
Tubman, Harriet, v, 4, 59, 68, 82–84, 90
U
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), v, 42–43, 45
Underground Railroad
collaborators in. See collaborators
dangers of. See dangers
end of, 104
freedom as goal of, 2, 5. See also freedom
legacy and lessons of, 112–113, 115
modern, 111
navigation of. See navigation
number of escapes via, 3, 63, 99
secrecy of, 2–5, 112. See also secrecy
slavery and. See slavery; slaves
V
W
Western territories, the, v, 4, 48, 50–52, 63
Whitney, Eli, 15