Abdhali, Sheikh Abdullah, 127
Abizaid, John, 370
Abrams, Creighton, 147, 186–87, 194, 196–205, 364
Abu Ghraib prison scandal, 371
Abu Reesha, Ahmed, 375
Abu Reesha, Sheikh Abd al Sittar, 374
Accelerated Pacification Campaign (APC), 197–98
Accomplishment Operation, 29
Acheson, Dean, 3
Aden: Eastern Aden Protectorate, 144n4; labour muscle and the growth of urban terrorism in, 130–33; Operation Nutcracker and, 126–30; Western Aden Protectorate, 126–27, 144 n.4
Aden Chronicle, 132
Aden Intelligence Centre, 133
Aden Security Policy Committee, 134
Aden Trade Union Congress (ATUC), 126, 131–32
Afgansty, 315
Afghan civil war, 278
Afghan Communist Party: Khalqi wing of, 287–88; Parcham faction of, 287–88
Afghanistan: battle of Marjah, 407–8; counterinsurgency before McChrystal, 393–94; counterinsurgency in, 391–421; dismissal of McChrystal, 412–13; elections of 2014, 417–19; impact of the War on, 316–18; Kandahar and the Arghandab, 408–12; Nad-e Ali District, 396–98; Operation Ghartse Ghar (Mountain Goat), 394–96; Operation Moshtarak, 405–7; Operation Tor Shpah, 401–5; Soviet counterinsurgency in, 277–322; Taliban resurgence, 413–17
Afghanistan Vouchers for Increased Production in Agriculture (AVIPA), 404
Afghan National Army, 394, 413
Afghan National Civil Order Police (ANCOP), 401–2, 404, 411
Afghan National Police (ANP), 392, 401, 411
Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), 399–400
Afghan War, 335
Africa: Angola, 52–56; counterinsurgency in, 49–66; Guinea-Bissau, 59–63; Mozambique, 56–59; Portuguese in, 49–66
African Development Bank, 238
African National Congress (ANC), 228, 235
Agroville project, 160
Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ), 111
AKEL (Progressive Party of Working People), 5. See also Communist Party of Cyprus
Akhromeev, Sergei, 310
Aldeamento system, 54
Alexander the Great, 280
al-Fadhli, Ahmed, 132
al-Gaoud, Fasal, 375
al-Habili, Haider Saleh, 127
Allawi, Iyad, 370
Allen, John, 375
al-Maliki, Nouri, 374
al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), 366
al-Sadr, Muqtada, 370, 373, 381
al Sittar, Abd, 375
al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab, 370
Amnesty International, 134
Anbar Awakening, 374, 428. See also Awakening Movement
Anbar Salvation Council, 375
Anderson, Ben, 414
Anderson, John Lee, 286
Andropov, Yuri, 314
Anglo-Malaya Defense Agreement (AMDA), 96, 99
Anglo-Omani Society, 88
Anglo-Omani thread, 75
Angola, 52–56; aldeamento system, 54, 58, 65; counterinsurgency campaign in, 52–56; MPLA and, 52–53; Portuguese approach to counterinsurgency in, 52–56; UPA and, 52
Angolan Military Region (RMA), 53
Apio Operation, 58
AQI (al Qaeda International), 431
Arabia without Sultans (Halliday), 73
Arab-Israeli Six Day War, 140
Arab-Israeli wars, 281
Arab nationalism, 2
Arab Nationalist Movement, 77
Archbishop Makarios III, 7
Argun-Gudermes-Shali Operation, 343
Arkless, David, 72
Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), 25
Armitage, Sir Richard, 5
Armored personnel carriers (APCs), 283
Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), 147, 149–57, 160–207
Arteshen Rizgariya Gelli Kurdistan (ARKG, or Kurdistan People’s Liberation Army), 326
Arunachal Pradesh, 23. See also North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA)
ARVN Parachute Group, 156
Assad, Hafez, 331
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 325
Attila Operation, 58
Australian Army, 396
Awakening Movement, 374. See also Anbar Awakening
Ba’ath Party, 365
Babichev, Ivan, 341
Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF), 41
Badr Bridgade, 373
Bait Kathir tribe, 77
Baku-Novorossiisk pipeline, 336
Banner Operation, 256, 257, 263
Barbaric counterinsurgency, 437
Barnett, Correlli, 259
Battle of Balaclava, 396
Battle of Hamburger Hill, 196
Battle of Marjah (film), 405, 414
Beck, John, 248
Begg, Sir Varyl, 102
Benest, David, 8
Bennett, Huw, 260
Berlin Blockade, 312
Berlin Conference, 49
Bhindranwale, Jarnail Singh, 32–33
bin Nufal, Sheikh Musallim, 78
Bird, Tim, 391
Bissell, Richard, 158
Black Palm, 77
Black Thunder Operation, 33
Blank, Stephen, 352
“Bloody Friday,” 262
Blue Star Operation, 33
Bocharov, Gennady, 310
Bocharov,, Gennady, 288
Boiarinov, Grigorii, 294
Border Security Force (BSF), 27, 29, 32, 37
Bosquet, Pierre, 396
Boss Tweed, 409
BP (British Petroleum), 131
Brar, Kuldip Singh, 33
Bremer, L. Paul, 369
Brezhnev doctrine, 290
Briggs, Harold, 393
Briggs Plan, 399
British colonialism, 3
British imperialism, 3
British Royal Navy, 229
British South Africa Police (BSAP), 228, 242
Brunei Revolt, 100
Bunker, Ellsworth, 186
Butler, Ed, 395
Callaghan, James, 258, 264, 267
Can Loa Party, 160
Capone, Al, 409
Carter, Jimmy, 291
Carver, Michael, 7
Caucasian War of 1817–64, 336, 339
Cedar Falls Operation, 187
Center for Army Lessons Learned, 382
Central African Federation, 227
Central Office for South Vietnam (COSVN), 157
Central Pacification and Development Council, 198
Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), 27, 32–34, 37
Chalabi, Ahmed, 368
Chechnya, Russian counterinsurgency in, 335–62
Checkmate Operation, 35
Chernenko, Konstantin, 314
Chief Chirau, 245
“Chien Thang” pacification campaign, 170, 173
Chieu Hoi program, 180
Chikwana, David, 236
Chin National Front, 28
“Christmas Bombings,” 206
Churchill, Winston, 2
Cimbala, Stephen, 338
Citizen’s Volunteer Force, 35
Civilian Irregular Defense Groups (CIDG), 160, 171, 201
Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS) program, 159, 169
Clandestine Communist Organization (CCO), 99–100
Classical counterinsurgency: coordination, 425; police primacy, 424–25; political will, 424; winning hearts and minds strategy, 424. See also Counterinsurgency
Classic counterinsurgency theory, 367
Clifford, Clark, 195
Clinton, Hillary, 428
Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), 369–70
Cobain, Ian, 9
Coker, Christopher, 247
Colby, William, 197
Cold War, 50, 76, 81, 229, 281
Combined Action Program (CAP), 178
Combined Joint Task Force 7 (CJTF-7), 370. See also Multi-National Force-Iraq (MNF-I)
Commander’s Emergency Response Program (CERP), 369
Commonwealth of Independent States, 345
Communism, 5; Brezhnev doctrine and, 290; Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) and, 97; Soviet, 2; spread of, in Africa, 244; war against, 52
Communist Grand Strategy, 50
Communist Party of Burma (CPB), 28
Communist Party of Cyprus, 5. See also AKEL (Progressive Party of Working People)
Confrontation (Indonesian), 95–123; beginnings of, 100–101; Brunei Revolt and, 100; campaign principles and command and control lessons, 101–2; economic factors, 98; end of, 116; military conflict—lessons learned, 104–15; military phases of, 104; operational plan and lessons learned, 102–4; overview of, 95–96; political factors, 96–98; Singapore’s withdrawal from Malaysia, 115–16; threat and the battlefield, 99–100. See also Indonesian insurgency, countering
Congress Party, 33
Connable, Ben, 330
Conservative Party, 114
Conway, James, 367
Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations of South Asia (CCOMPOSA), 40–41
Cosmas, Graham, 148
Costa Gomes, Francisco da, 56
Countering Insurgency, 318
Counterinsurgency: anti-imperialist perspective of, 432; barbaric, 437; Dhofar war as model, 71–93; end of, 432–37; future of, 423–40; Indian, since 1956, 21–48; Indonesian, 95–123; in Iraq, 363–89; neoclassical, 438; in Northern Ireland, 255–76; Portuguese approach to, 49–70; postclassical, 428–32; Soviet, in Afghanistan, 277–322; in Turkey, 323–34
Counterinsurgency, future of, 423–40; anti-imperialist perspective, 432; from classical to neoclassical COIN, 424–28; end of counterinsurgency, 432–37; overview of, 423–24; postclassical COIN or counter-terrorism, 428–32. See also Counterinsurgency
Counterinsurgency and antiterrorist (CIAT) schools, 41
Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School, 27
Counterinsurgency Field Manual, 378
Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice (Galula), 427
Courageous restraint, doctrine of, 430
Cowan, James, 401
Cowper-Coles, Sir Sherard, 391, 416
Crane, Conrad, 365
Creasey, Sir Timothy, 266
Crush Malaysia Border Area Command (KOGA), 108
Cuban Missile Crisis, 96
Cultural Revolution, 414
Cypriot Orthodox Church, 7
Cyprus Broadcasting Service, 1
Cyprus conflict, 1–17; British imperialism and, 5–10; clash at Liopetri, 11–17; colonial insecurity and the emergence of EOKA, 3–5; EOKA’s second front, 10–11; overview of, 1–2; roots of, 2–3
da Costa Gomes, Francisco, 50
da Luz Cunha, Joaquim, 54
Dangerous Frontiers: Campaigning in Somaliland and Oman (Ray), 72
da Silva, Artur Henrique Nunes, 51
Dayal, Ranjit Singh, 32
de Bethencourt Rodrigues, José Manuel, 56
de la Billière, Peter, 72
Dembos Forest, 56
Democratic Unionist Party, 271
Deslandes, Venáncio, 52
Devonshire, Lord, 132
DeVore, Marc, 73
de Waal, Thomas, 351
DGS (Direcção Geral de Segurança, General Security Directorate), 55
Dhofar Benevolent Society/Dhofar Charitable Association, 77
Dhofar Liberation Army, 82
Dhofar Liberation Front (DLF), 81–82
Dhofar Soldier’s Organization, 77
Dhofar war: aftermath, 88; Anglo-Omani thread, 75; December 1, 1962—May 27, 1965, 77–81; Imamate Rebellion, 75–76; immediate context, 76–77; January 1, 1968—September 30, 1970, 84–85; January 1, 1973—December 4, 1975, 87–88; May 27, 1965—December 31, 1967, 81–84; October 1, 1970—December 31, 1972, 85–87; overview of, 71–75; statebuilding and development context, 89. See also Counterinsurgency
Dobrynin, Anatoly, 310
Doctrine for Sub-Conventional Operations, 21, 41
Dong Tien (Progress Together) program, 201
dos Santos, António, 57
Douglas-Home, Alec, 231
Dragon Strike Operation, 411
Drumm, Jimmy, 263
Dulaym tribe, 376
Duong Van Minh, 165
Durrani, Ahmed Shah, 408
DYH (Derry Young Hooligans), 261
East India Company, 75
Eelam, 34
Egyptian Intelligence Service (EIS), 126, 139
Eikenberry, Karl, 391, 398, 399
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 148
Elim Pentecostal Mission, 247
Eniya Rizgariya Netewa Kurdistan (ERNK, or Kurdistan Popular Liberation Front), 326
EOKA (Ethnikí Orgánosis Kipriakoú Agónos): Athens Radio and, 7; clash at Liopetri, 11–17; colonial insecurity and the emergence of, 3–5; second front of, 10–11
Erdogan, Recep Tayyip, 331
Erskine, George, 6
Essex-Clark, John, 223
European Court for Human Rights, 329
Evren, Kenan, 326
Ewell, Julian, 201
Eye of the Storm (Ratcliffe), 72
Federation of Malaysia, 95, 97
Felbab-Brown, Vanda, 391
Felt, Harry, 153
Fernandes, Almeida, 50
Fiennes, Sir Rannulph, 72
Finch, Raymond, 356
First Chechen War, 335–62; decision to intervene and the planning of the campaign, 335–39; lessons of, 351–52; military lessons, 353–56; political and strategic lessons, 352–53; strategies of the antagonists and the course of, 339–46; tactics of, 346–51
Flanagan, Jamie, 266
Flynn, Michael, 399
Ford, Robert, 261
Foreign Affairs, 414
Fort Hare University, South Africa, 225
A Fortunate Soldier (Perkins), 72
Foster, Roy, 269
Franco-Viet Minh struggle, 150
Freeland, Sir Ian, 136, 258, 263
Freeman, Kathy, 396
FRELIMO (Frente de Libertacão de Moçambique, Front for the Liberation of Mozambique), 56–59
French, David, 425
Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY), 84, 131, 137, 140–41
Galbraith, Peter, 399
Galeotti, Mark, 344
Gall, Carlotta, 351
Gall, Sandy, 286
Gandhi, Rajiv, 30
“Ganjang Malaysia,” 97
Gardiner, Ian, 72
Garner, Jay, 369
Garrotte Operation, 58
Generally Speaking (Akehurst), 72
“General Offensive-General Uprising,” 190
Gentile, Gian, 377
Ghartse Ghar (Mountain Goat) Operation, 394–96
Gibraltar Operation, 36
Gibson, Charles, 380
Gladstone, William, 2
Glasnost (openness), 309
Golden Mosque, Samarra, 374
Golden Temple, Amritsar, 32–33
Gomes, Costa, 50
Goode, R., 229
Goodey, Graham, 403
Good Friday Agreement, 271
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 277, 300, 309, 314
Gordian Knot Operation, 58
Grachev Doctrine, 344
Grau, Lester, 340
Gray, Colin, 425
Great Britain: as an Indian Ocean power, 75; Defense White Paper, 97; Lausanne Conference and, 2; NLF and, 133–37; Oman and, 75; Royal Marines, 129; in South Arabia, 125–43, 125–44; terrorism and, 133–37; war against EOKA during the Cyprus Emergency, 1–17
Greek Hellenistic nationalism, 3
Green, Richard, 402
“Green Berets,” 160
Green Hunt Operation, 41
Grievance-settling approach, of counterinsurgency, 427
Grivas, George, 1
Gromyko, Andrei, 290
Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR, National Republican Guard), 61
“Guardian Angels,” 417
Guerra Revolucionária (Revolutionary War), 51
Guide to the Analysis of Insurgency, 367
Guinea-Bissau, 59–63; Portuguese approach to counterinsurgency in, 59–63
Gulabzoi, Sayid Muhammad, 287
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 172
Gulf War, 328
Gurkha Independent Parachute Company, 103
Hamburger Hill, Battle of, 196
Hamkiri Operation, 393, 408, 409, 411
Hamlet Evaluation System (HES), 186–87
Hanson, Chuck, 241
Haqqani, Serajuddin, 301
Harington, Charles, 128
Hastie-Smith, R. M., 136
Hastings Operation, 184
Helmand Valley Authority, 400
Hermon, Jack, 267
Hetherington, Tim, 414
Higgins, Andrew, 72
Hilsman, Roger, 158
HMS Victorious, 112
Ho Chi Minh, 149
Ho Chi Minh Trail, 152–53, 174
Hoffman, Bruce, 363, 364, 366, 368
Hoffman, Frank, 379
Holland, Robert, 9
Huffington Post, 418
Hughes, Geraint, 365–66, 368, 369, 374, 381
Hull, Sir Richard, 141
Hunt, Peter, 111
Hunt, Richard A., 199
Hunt Commission, 258
Husain, Sharif, 132
Indemnity and Compensation Act, 236
Indian Army Doctrine, 21
Indian counterinsurgency, 21–43; Kashmir, 36–39; Manipur, 30–31; Mizoram, 28–30; Nagaland, 22–28; Naxalites and, 39–42; overview of, 21–22; Punjab, 31–34; Sri Lanka and, 34–35; Telangana, 22. See also Counterinsurgency
Indian National Army, 23
Indian Peace-Keeping Force (IPKF), 34–35
Indo-Mongoloid tribal groups, 23
Indonesian border terrorists (IBTs), 101
Indonesian insurgency, countering: beginnings of, 100–101; Brunei Revolt and, 100; campaign principles and command and control lessons, 101–2; economic factors, 98; end of, 116; military conflict—lessons learned, 104–15; military phases of, 104; operational plan and lessons learned, 102–4; overview of, 95–96; political factors, 96–98; Singapore’s withdrawal from Malaysia, 115–16; threat and the battlefield, 99–100. See also Confrontation (Indonesian)
Instrução de Aperfeiçoamento Operacional (IAO, Operational Proficiency Instruction), 62
The Insurgent Archipelago (Mackinlay), 427
International Committee of the Red Cross, 134
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 97
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 398, 400, 411
In the Service of the Sultan (Gardiner), 72
Iranian Revolution, 88
Iraq: counterinsurgency in, 363–89; demographic composition of, 365; invasion of, 423, 427; Iraq National Library, looting of, 369; Iraq National Museum, looting of, 369; Kurdish–Arab disputes in, 365; Sons of Iraq movement, 376
Iraqi Freedom Operation, 366–67
Iraqi National Congress, 368
Iraq–Iran War, 326
Iraq National Library, 369
Iraq National Museum, 369
Irish Republican Army (IRA): Bloody Sunday and, 262; conservative Roman Catholics and, 260; Marxist revolutionaries and, 260; Provisional, 256, 260, 265, 267; reassessment of its strategy by, 267–70
“The iron fist in the velvet glove” strategy, 37–38
“Iron Triangle,” 187
Irwin, Alastair, 263
Islam, 86
Israel Defense Force, 140
Jackson, Sir William, 104, 106
Jaguar Operation, 86
Jaish al-Mahdi (JAM), 366, 373–74. See also Mahdi Army
Jakeman, Richard, 404
Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front, 36
Jan, Abdur Rahmin, 406, 407, 408
Jeapes, Tony, 72
Jericho Operation, 28
Jihad (Holy War), 285–86, 290, 298, 355
Jihadi (Islamic fundamentalist) terrorists, 39
John Mecom Oil Company, 78
Johnson, Harold, 173
Johnson, Lyndon, 166
Johnston, Sir Charles, 141
Jones, David, 427
Kabul Valley, 392
Kachin Independent Army, 28
Kandahar Strike Force, 409, 412
Karasik, Theodore, 355
Karzai, Ahmed Wali, 408–10, 412, 413
Kasangula (ferry), 239
Kashmir, 36–39; counterinsurgency in, 36–39
Kashmir Accord, 36
Kashmir Monitoring Group, 37
Kassell, Whitney, 391
Kemp, Anthony, 72
Kennedy, Robert, 166, 190, 194
Kent State University, Ohio, 202
Khalil, Lydia, 332
Khalilzad, Zalmay, 369
Khalistan, 31
Khan, Daoud, 287
Khan, Rizal, 394
Khasbulatov, Ruslan, 339
Khomeini, Ayatollah, 290
Khyber, Mir Akbar, 287
King, Evelyn, 226
Kitson, Frank, 424
Kitson, Sir Frank, 256
Knezys, Stasys, 349
Komer, Robert, 169, 181, 184, 195
Konfrontasi. See Confrontation (Indonesian)
Kongra Gel, 329
Korean Military Assistance Group (KMAG), 150
Korengal (film), 414
Kosygin, Aleksei, 290
Krishna Rao, K. V., 37
Krulak, Victor, 158
Kunjabihari, Thoundam, 31
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), 326
Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress (KADEK), 329
Kurdistan Workers’ Party, 40
La guerre révolutionnaire, 50
Lahore Declaration, 39
Lancaster House Conference, 16
Lansdale, Edward, 148
Lardner-Burke, Desmond, 225, 237
Latif, Haji Abdul, 302
Lausanne Conference, 2
Lawson, Richard, 138
Lea, George, 102
Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam (Nagl), 377, 427
Lebed, Alexander, 346
Le Duan, 151–53, 173–74, 179, 204
Liberal realists, 426
Liberation Army of Peru, 40
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), 34–35, 40
Libicki, Martin, 330
Limbu, Rambahadur, 116
Lobengula, 233
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 166
London School of Economics, 225
Longowal, Harcharan, 34
Looking for Trouble (de la Billière), 72
Lopez, Andrea, 365, 371, 380–81
Luce, Sir David, 102
Lunt, James, 138
Machado, Tomas Basto, 59
Mackawee, Abdul, 131
Mackinlay, John, 427
Macmillan, Harold, 15
Macmillan Plan, 14
Maddox (U.S. Navy (USN) destroyer), 172
Madrases (Islamic religious schools), 298
Maginnis, Ken, 271
Mahdi Army, 373, 381. See also Jaish al-Mahdi(JAM)
Mahoney, Mike, 263
Makahole, Norman, 233
Malayan Emergency, 22, 98–99, 110, 156, 378
Malaysia, Singapore’s withdrawal from, 115–16
Malaysian National Defense Council, 102
Malkasian, Carter, 392
Malvern, Lord, 226
Manekshaw, “Sam,” 29
Manipur, counterinsurgency in, 30–31
Mao Tse-tung, 51
Marshall, Alex, 391
Marxist-Leninism, 326
Maskhadov, Aslan, 343, 344, 346, 349
Masoud, Ahmad Shah, 297
Mattis, James, 378
Mayhew, Paddy, 271
McCarthy, Eugene, 194
McChrystal, Stanley, 393, 398, 399, 428; counterinsurgency in Afghanistan before, 393–94; dismissal of, 412–13; Operation Moshtarak and, 405–6
McFarland, Sean, 375
McGarr, Lionel, 155
McGuinness, Martin, 268
McKiernan, David, 367
McMaster, H. R., 372, 377, 420n4
McNamara, William, 157, 166–67, 174–75, 190
Meiring, Johan, 240
Meredith, Martin, 246
Metz, Steven, 434
Meynell, Godfrey, 127
Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), 148, 154–56
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), 159
Military Reconnaissance Force (MRF), 257
Mitchell, Colin, 140
Mizo National Army (MNA), 28
Mizo National Famine Front, 28. See also Mizo National Front (MNF)
Mizo National Front (MNF), 28. See also Mizo National Famine Front
Mizoram, counterinsurgency in, 28–30
Mondlane, Eduardo, 57
Moniz, Botelho, 50
A Monk in the SAS (Sibley), 72
A More Complex and Conventional Victory: Revisiting the Dhofar Counterinsurgency, 1963–1975 (DeVore), 73
Moshtarak Operation, 401, 405–7
Motorman Operation, 262
Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 267
Movement of Arab Nationalism (MAN), 126
Moyar, Mark, 157
Mozambique, 56–59; Portuguese approach to counterinsurgency in, 56–59
MPLA (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, Popular Movement of the Liberation of Angola), 52
Mugabe, Robert, 225–26, 244–45
Mujhaid, Khan Mohammad, 413
Mukona, Noel, 232
Mullah Omar, 409
Multi-National Force-Iraq (MNF-I), 371. See also Combined Joint Task Force 7 (CJTF-7)
Multi-National Force-West (MNF-W), 375
Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq(MNSTC-I), 370, 376
Mumford, Andrew, 256, 363–64, 369, 370–71
Munsing, Evan, 391
Muscat Command (Thwaites), 72
Muzorewa, Abel, 245
Naga Federal Army, 24. See also Naga Home Guard
Naga Home Guard, 24. See also Naga Federal Army
Nagaland, counterinsurgency in, 22–28
Nagalim, 23
Naga National Council (NNC), 23
Naga Revolt, 23
Najibullah, Mohammed, 304, 311
National Campaign Plan, 164
National Democratic Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Occupied Arabian Gulf (NDFLOAG), 85
National Directorate of Security (NDS), 392
National Liberation Front (NLF), 84, 125, 154, 157
National Military Academy of Afghanistan, 417
National Organization of Cypriot Struggle. See EOKA (Ethnikí Orgánosis Kipriakoú Agónos)
National Security Action Memorandum, 158. See also Overseas Internal Defense Policy
National Security Guard, 33
National Security Study Memorandum 36, 198
National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN), 28
National Strategy for Victory in Iraq, 378
NATO Training Mission–Iraq, 376
Naxalbari (West Bengal), 39
Naxalites, 39–42; counterinsurgency and, 39–42; Kurdistan Workers’ Party and, 40; Liberation Army of Peru and, 40; LTTE (Sri Lanka) and, 40; Operation Steeplechase and, 39; Salwa Judum and, 42
Nehanda, 232
Neoclassical counterinsurgency, 438
Neokim, 96
New Dawn Operation, 382
Newman, Sir Kenneth, 266
New York Times, 378
Nezan, Kendal, 325
Ngo Dinh Nhu, 148
Nguyen Cao Ky, 174
Nguyen Chanh Thi, 181
Nguyen Chi Thanh, 171
Nguyen Duc Thang, 179
Nguyen Khanh, 169
Nguyen Ngoc Tho, 168
1987 Guide, 378
1987 Guide to the Analysis of Insurgency, 378. See also1987 Guide
Nkomo, Joshua, 225, 226, 239, 244
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 2, 328, 413, 426
North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA), 23. See also Arunachal Pradesh
Northern Ireland: counterinsurgency in, 255–76; descent into chaos, 257–58; missing operational level, 263–67; Northern Ireland Training and Advisory Team (NITAT), formation of, 262–63; reassessment of strategy by IRA, 267–70; toward an endgame in, 270–71; unpacking the myth of British counterinsurgency, 256–57
Northern Ireland Training and Advisory Team (NITAT), 262–63
North Kalimantan (Borneo) National Army (Tentara Nasional Kalimantan Utara—TNKU), 100
North Vietnamese Army (NVA). See Viet Cong (VC)
North Vietnamese Central Committee, 151
Oates, Michael, 374
Oates, Tom, 132
Obama, Barack, 381, 397, 412, 414
O’Daniel, John, 148
Odierno, Raymond, 380
O Exército na Guerra Subversiva (“The Army in Subversive War”), 51–52
Office of Civil Operations and evolutionary Development (CORDS), 186
Oman’s Insurgencies: The Sultanate’s Struggle for Supremacy (Peterson), 72, 74
On the Revolution in South Vietnam, 151
Operação Tridente (Operation Trident), 60
Operation(s): Accomplishment, 29; Apio, 58; Attila, 58; Banner, 256, 257, 263; Black Thunder, 33; Blue Star, 33; Cedar Falls, 187; Checkmate, 35; Claret, 113–15; Dragon Strike, 411; Garrotte, 58; Ghartse Ghar (Mountain Goat), 394–96; Gibraltar, 36; Gordian Knot, 58; Green Hunt, 41; of the British (Hamkiri), 393, 408, 409, 411; of the British (Op HERRICK), 393; Hastings, 184; Iraqi Freedom, 366–67; Jaguar, 86; Jericho, 28; Moshtarak, 401, 405–7; Motorman, 262; New Dawn, 382; Nutcracker, 126–30; Orchid, 24; Pawan, 34; Phantom Fury, 372; Rainbow, 78; Rhino, 37; Rolling Thunder, 173; Sadhbhavana (Goodwill), 38; Simba, 86; Sinbad, 373; Siroco, 56; Starlite, 178; Steel Curtain, 328; Steeplechase, 39; Switchback, 160; Telic, 367; Tor Shpah, 401–5; Vigilant Resolve, 372; Washington Green, 201; Woodrose, 32–33
Orchid Operation, 24
Organization for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA), 368
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, 344
Orthodox Christianity, 355
Ottoman Empire, 324
Our War: The Ten Year War in Afghanistan (film), 414
Overseas Internal Defense Policy, 158. See also National Security Action Memorandum
Owen, David, 244
Pacification, 197–99; and search and destroy, 185–90
Paget, Julian, 128
PAIGC (Partido Africano Para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde, African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde Islands), 56, 59–60
Paisley, Ian, 257
Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), 399
Paradza, Flavia, 226
Paris, Matthew, 391
Parker, Nick, 398
Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), 96
Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan (PKK, or Kurdistan Workers’ Party), 323; founding of, 326–27; Partiya Yekîtiya Demokrat (PYD) and, 331
Partiya Yekîtiya Demokrat (PYD, or the Democratic Union Party), 331
Party of the Advance, 77
PAVN Easter Offensive, 204
Pawan Operation, 34
PDPA (People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan), 288
Peace Jirga, 415
Peacock, Anthony, 258
Pearce Commission, 231
People’s Army of North Vietnam (PAVN). See Viet Cong (VC)
People’s Liberation Army (PLA), 30
People’s Republic of Independent Kashmir, 36
People’s Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak, 30
People’s Self-Defense Force (PSDF), 198
Peoples’ Socialist Party (PSP), 131
People’s War Group, 22
Perkins, Ken, 72
Peters, Ralph, 355
Petraeus, David, 364, 365, 378, 380–81, 393, 397, 423
Petraeus Doctrine, 363, 376–77
Petrides, Petros, 9
Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), 89
Pham Hung, 179
Phan Khac Suu, 172
Phantom Fury Operation, 372
Phizo, Angami Zapu, 23
PIDE (Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado, International Police for Defense of the State), 55
Police Modernization Scheme, 41
Pollis, Adamantia, 3
“Pookie mine detection vehicle,” 240
Popalzai, Mahammad Rasul, 412
Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf (PFLOAG), 85
Porter, William, 181
Positivism, 433
Postclassical counterinsurgency, 428–32
Powell, Colin, 376
Prendergast, John, 134
Program for the Pacification and Long-term Development of South Vietnam (PROVN), 181
Protected and Progressive Villages (PPVs), 29
Province Executive Committee (PEC), 270
Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), 256, 260, 265, 267
Psychological operations (PSYOPS), 156, 240, 350
Pul-e Charkhi prison, 288
Punjab, counterinsurgency in, 31–34
Putterill, “Sam,” 231
Qader, Abdul, 299. See also Zabiullah
Radfan Force (RADFORCE), 129
Radical anticolonialism, 130
Raduyev, Salman, 345
Rahman, Tunku Abdul, 95, 97, 100, 102, 115
Rahman, U. A., 132
Rahmin, Abdur, 392
Rainbow Operation, 78
Rashtriya Rifles (National Rifles), 27, 37
Ratcliffe, Peter, 72
Ratissage, 51
Ray, Bryan, 72
Razak, Abdul, 411
RBC (Rhodesian Broadcasting Corporation), 237
“Red Corridor,” 40
Red Guards, 414
Reordenamento rural, 54
Report on Colonial Security, 4
Republican Party, 380
Republic of Korea Army (ROKA), 150
Restrepo (film), 414
Revolutionary Development Cadres, 179
Revolutionary Development Support Directorate, 182, 186
Revolutionary Government of Manipur, 30
Rhino Operation, 37
Rhodesia: Central Intelligence Organisation, 229; Unilateral Declaration of Independence by, 96
Rhodesia Front Party, 226
Rhodesia Light Infantry, 228
Rhodesian African Rifles, 228, 242
Rhodesian Bush War: crisis during 1972–77, 231–45; fall of “white Rhodesia,” 245–49; overview of, 224; political background, 225–27; Rhodesia’s “hollow victory,” 227–31
Rhodesian Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace (RCCJP), 236
Rhodesian Special Air Service (SAS), 228, 238
Ribeiro, J. F., 34
Rice, Condoleeza, 427
Ricks, Tom, 373
Robbins, George, 6
Rodrigues, Bethencourt, 63
Rogers, Bernard, 189
Rokhlin, Lev, 342
Rolling Stone magazine, 412
Rolling Thunder Operation, 173
Rostow, Walt, 158
Royal Air Force (RAF), 74
Royal Anglian Regiment, 266, 396
Royal Marine Special Boat Section (SBS), 114
Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, 138
Royal Rhodesian Air Force (RRAF), 228
Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), 256, 264
Rumsfeld, Donald, 368
Russian counterinsurgency in Chechnya, 335–62
Russo-Japanese War, 335
Sadaabad Pact, 325. See also Treaty of Non-Aggression
Sadhbhavana (Goodwill) Operation, 38
Sa’id bin Taimour, Sultan of Oman, 79
Salmon, Andy, 374
Salwa Judum (Purification Hunt), 41–42
Sands, Bobby, 267
“Sand tables,” 114
SAS Operation Oman (Jeapes), 72
The SAS Savage Wars of Peace (Kemp), 72
Schultz, Arnaldo, 60
Second Sikh Battalion, 25
The Secret War: Dhofar 1971–72 (Arkless), 72
Security and Stabilisation: The Military Contribution, 382
Sedlickas, Romanus, 349
Sepp, Kalev, 364–66, 372, 377, 379, 382
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 278, 330–31
Shatoi-Vedeno-Bamut Operation, 343
Shaughnessy, Patrick Joseph, 12–13
Sheppard, Ian, 238
Sibley, Paul, 72
Simba Operation, 86
Sinbad Operation, 373
Singapore, withdrawal from Malaysia, 115–16
Singh, J. J., 38
Singh, Manikanta, 31
Singh, Manmohan, 40
Siroco Operation, 56
Sky Television, 404
Small Wars Manual, 377
Smith, Ian Douglas, 225–26, 249
Smith, M. L. R., 427
Smith, Paul, 182
Sokolov, Sergei, 291
Somer, Murat, 325
Sons of Iraq movement, 376
“Sons of the Shura,” 411
South African Air Force, 244
South Arabia: British in, 125–43; British military operations in, 125–43; British response to terrorism in, 133–37; counterinsurgency in, 125–43; labour muscle and growth of urban terrorism in Aden, 130–33; Operation Nutcracker, 126–30; Radfan dissidents, 126–30; toward “W Day,” 137–42
South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 97, 149
South Vietnamese Communist Party, 151. See also National Liberation Front
Soviet-Afghan War: consequences of, 313–18; immediate causes of, 287–91; impact on Afghanistan, 316–18; impact on the Soviet Union, 313–16; Mujahideen forces, 285–87; operations, 292–306; overview of, 277–87; phase four of, 304–6; phase one of, 294–96; phase three of, 300–304; phase two of, 296–300; Soviet forces and their DRA allies, 281–85; soviet withdrawal, 309–13
Soviet Communism, 2
Soviet counterinsurgency in Afghanistan, 277–322
Spanish Civil War, 61
Special Operational Group on Chechnya, 336
Spetsnaz, 284
Sri Lanka, counterinsurgency in, 34–35
Stability Operations, 379
Starlite Operation, 178
State of Nagaland Act, 27
Status of Forces Agreement, 381
Steel Curtain Operation, 328
Steeplechase Operation, 39
Storey, John, 138
“Strategic Hamlets,” 160
Suez Canal, 129, 130; nationalization of, 3
Suhrke, Astri, 392
Sukarno, 96–98, 100, 104, 113, 116
Sultan Qaboos, 74
Sundarji, Krishnaswamy, 32
Sunni Awakening, 363, 367, 374–76, 381, 382
Sun Tzu, 414
Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, 373
Switchback Operation, 160
Taliban: elections of 2014 and, 417–19; Operation Ghartse Ghar (Mountain Goat) and, 394–96; Operation Hamkiri and, 393; Operation Tor Shpah and, 401; resurgence of, 413–17; seizure of Kabul in 1996 by, 313
Tamarov, Vladislav, 284–85, 287, 302–3
Tamil Tigers. See Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
Task Force Restore Iraqi Electricity, 371
Task Force Restore Iraqi Oil, 371
Tasking and Co-ordination Groups (TCGs), 267
Taylor, Maxwell, 157–58, 166, 170
Telangana, counterinsurgency in, 22
Telic Operation, 367
Templer, Sir Gerald, 3–5, 6, 393
Tenai, Shah Nawaz, 313
Terblanche, Craig, 396
Terrill, Andrew, 365
Territorial Forces Evaluation System (TFES), 186
This Is What Winning Looks Like (film), 414
Thomas, Mathew, 29
Thompson, Sir Robert, 203, 364, 424
Thomson, David, 141
Thorneycroft, Peter, 129
The Times, 237
Tirmazi, Syed A. I., 355
Tootal, Stuart, 395
Tran Van Don, 165
Tran Van Huong, 172
Treaty of Friendship, 75
Treaty of Lausanne, 324
Treaty of Non-Aggression, 325. See also Sadaabad Pact
Treaty of Sèvres, 324
Trevaskis, Sir Kennedy, 127–28, 131
Trinquier, Robert, 424
Trucial Oman Scouts, 76
TTL (Tribal Trust Lands), 235
Turkey: counterinsurgency in, 323–34; Operation Steel Curtain and, 328; Sadaabad Pact and, 325; Treaty of Lausanne and, 324
Turkish Defense Organization. See Türk Müdafaa Teşkilati (TMT)
Turkish Human Rights Foundation, 328
Türk Müdafaa Teşkilati (TMT), 11
Turnbull, Sir Richard, 134
UANC (United African National Council), 245
UDI (Unilateral Declaration of Independence), 226
Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR), 256
UNFP (United National Federal Party), 245
United Nations, 81, 97–98, 136, 225, 229, 311
United Services Institution, 22
UPA (União das Populações de Angola, Union of the Peoples of Angola), 52
Urban Marxism, 131
U.S. Army Combined Arms Center, 376
U.S. Army Special Forces (USSF). See “Green Berets”
U.S. Congressional Research Service, 371
U.S. Marine Corps, 172
U.S. National Security Council, 380
U.S. Operations Mission, 164
U.S. Pacific Command (CINCPAC), 159
U.S. State Department, 398
Vaidya, Arun Shridhar, 33
Vance, Cyrus, 244
Van der Byl, P. K., 223, 225, 237
Vann, John Paul, 163
Varennikov, Valentin, 296
Viet Cong Infrastructure (VCI), 169
Vietnam syndrome, 426
Vietnam Task Force, 157
Vietnam War, 63; during 1954–59, 148–49; during 1959–60, 152–54; during 1961–62, 156–62; during 1963, 162–69; during 1964–65, 169–75; during 1965, 175–80; during 1966, 180–85; Americanization of, 175–80; end of, 203–7; MAAG and U.S. Embassy assessments of 1960, 154–75; offensives and the impact, 190–95; one war strategy, 196–97; overview of, 147–48; pacification, 197–99; pacification and search and destroy, 185–90; RVN security efforts, 149–51; South Vietnamese communist and North Vietnamese strategy, 151–54; stemming the tide, 180–85; Vietnamization, 199–203
Vigilant Resolve Operation, 372
Village Defence Committees (VDCs), 38
Volkan, 10
von Clausewitz, Carl, 392, 398
Vo Nguyen Giap, 51
Walker, Lydia, 365–66, 376, 379
Wallace, William, 367
Walt, Lewis, 177
Walton, Calder, 5
Warsaw Pact Organization, 2
Washington Green Operation, 201
Washington Post, 373
Watanjar, Aslam, 287
Waugh, Evelyn, 127
Weinberger Doctrine, 353
Weinberger-Powell doctrine, 366
West, Bing, 371, 375, 378, 381–82
Westmoreland, William, 57, 60, 147, 170, 364
We Won a War: The Campaign in Oman 1965–75 (Akehurst), 72
Wheeler, Sir Roger, 271
Where Soldiers Fear to Tread (Fiennes), 72
Wigg, George, 140
Wilford, Derek, 261
Williams, Samuel, 149
Willoughby, John, 137
Wilson, Harold, 80, 140, 229, 265
With the SAS and Other Animals: A Vet’s Experiences during the Dhofar War 1974 (Higgins), 72
Wood, R. J., 227
Woodhouse, John, 103
World Bank, 190
World War II, 3, 61, 98, 112, 392
Wyatt, Caroline, 396
Yermolov, Aleksey, 339
Yermolov doctrine, 339
Zabiullah, 299. See also Qader, Abdul
Zaher Shah, 287
ZANLA (Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army), 226
ZANU (Zimbabwean African National Union), 225
Zimbabwean African Peoples Union (ZAPU), 225
Zimbabwe’s Guerrilla War, 233
ZIPRA (Zimbabwe’s People’s Revolutionary Army), 226
ZUPO (Zimbabwe’s United People’s Organisation), 245