ILLUSTRATIONS
1.1. Images of fantastic creatures from the Pazyryk and Tuekta kurgans, South Russia, seventh to fourth century BC
10
1.2. (a, b) Sheet-bronze vessels and (c) stand with relief decoration, engraving, and repoussé, from Central Italy and Rhodes, seventh century BC
14
2.1. (a) Naturalistic reconstruction of (b) composite figures carved in relief on the ivory handle of a knife from Abu Zaidan, Egypt, ca. 3300 BC
27
2.2. Tattooing on the body in Pazyryk kurgan 2, and detail from right arm, fourth century BC
29
2.3. “Making a tupilak,” illustration of an Eskimo folktale
31
2.4. Kwakiutl multilayered mask, painted wood with hinge mechanism
32
3.1. (a) Ivory statuette, Germany, ca. 30,000 BC, (b) rendering of carved and painted figure, France, ca. 12,000 BC, and (c) engraved plaque, France, ca. 10,000 BC
35
3.2. Mixed burials of human and animal body parts from sites of the Natufian period in Israel, ca. 10,000 BC
38
3.3. Monumental animal reliefs on stone monoliths from Göbekli Tepe, southeast Turkey, ca. 9000 BC
41
3.4. Painted ceramic containers of the Late Neolithic period with animal ornament, from Samarra, Iraq, and Tell Halaf, Syria
42
3.5. Predynastic Egyptian cosmetic articles with animal ornament, early to mid-fourth millennium BC
44
3.6. Tall vase with painted decoration, from a burial at Abydos, Umm el-Qaab, Upper Egypt, early fourth millennium BC
46
3.7. Ambiguous forms in predynastic Egyptian art, early fourth millennium BC: (a) ivory pendant, (b) bone comb, and (c) clay figurine
48
4.1. “Two Dog Palette” from Hierakonpolis, Upper Egypt, ca. 3200 BC
53
4.2. Ivory handle of a ceremonial flint knife found at Abu Zaidan, Upper Egypt, ca. 3300 BC
55
4.3. (a) Composite hieroglyphs, ca. 3100–2650 BC; (b) ivory birthing tusk with protective images and inscription, Upper Egypt, ca. 1800 BC
57
4.4. (a) Ivory furniture support in form of a prisoner, Upper Egypt; (b) bed frame with bull’s leg supports, Lower Egypt, late fourth to early third millennium BC
58
4.5. From the Indus to the Aegean: selected Bronze Age sites and interregional trade routes, ca. 2500–1800 BC
61
4.6. (a) Serpent-necked felines on the Narmer Palette, Upper Egypt, and (b) similar figures, cylinder seal impressions, southern Mesopotamia, late fourth millennium BC
63
4.7. Carved intaglio seals from (a) Pakistan (Mohenjo-daro), (b) Bahrain (Karrana), and (c) Turkmenistan (Gonur South), late third to early second millennium BC
64
4.8. (a, b) Cylinder seal impressions, southwestern Iran, early third millennium BC, and (c) from Syria, mid- to late third millennium BC
66
4.9. Composite figurine with female attributes, from a grave at Ur/Tell el-Muqayyar, southern Mesopotamia, fifth millennium BC (‘Ubaid period)
68
4.10. Sealing mechanism and examples of stamp seals on storage vessels, Mesopotamia and western Iran, late fifth to early fourth millennium BC
70
4.11. Pouring vessel, showing composite construction, from Habuba Kabira South on the Syrian Euphrates, late fourth millennium BC
71
4.12. Cylinder seal impressions, showing composite figuration, from Mesopotamia and western Iran, late fourth millennium BC
72
5.1. Hyper-composite figures on clay sealings, from Zakros on Crete, mid-second millennium BC
76
5.2. Furrowed faces on (a) terracotta plaque, from central Iraq, early second millennium BC, and (b) faience cup, from Greece, thirteenth century BC
78
5.3. Bronze vessels from (a) Hunan, and (b) Sanxingdui, thirteenth to twelfth century BC, and (c) rubbing of taotie motif
84
6.1. (a) Taweret on stamp seal, Phaistos; (b) griffins on ring impression, Greece, mid-second millennium BC; (c) griffin-lion pair on wall frieze, Pylos, thirteenth century BC
93
6.2. Wooden box lid with carving of real and imaginary animals, northern Egypt, ca. 1400 BC
96
6.3. Soft-stone vessel with intercultural-style ornament, Iraq, mid-third millennium BC, and rolled-out reproduction
97
6.4. Mold-made terracotta plaques with images of protective spirits, northern Iraq, early first millennium BC
101
6.5. Stone amulet with image of Lamashtu standing on a donkey (probably early first millennium BC)
102
6.6. Protective spirits: (a) monumental relief carving of ugallu, Iraq, ca. 640 BC; (b) funerary shrine of Tutankhamun, fourteenth century BC
105
