Contents
ONE: EARLY CHINESE COSMOPOLITANISM
The Idealized Chinese Worldview • The Early Imperial Age, 206 B.C.–A.D. 581 • Early Buddhism • The Multicultural Ambience of Tang China, 618–907 • Trade and International Exchange under the Tang • The Exchange of Ideas under the Tang • Diplomacy • Foreign Religions • Commercial and Maritime Expansion under the Song, 960–1276 • The Mongol Yuan, 1276–1368 • The Ming Empire, 1368–1644 • The Advent of Europeans and the Impact of the Silver Trade
TWO: CHINA AND CATHOLICISM IN THE SIXTEENTH
THROUGH EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES
Late Ming China • Qing Conquest, Ming Loyalism • The Early Catholic Missions to China • Jesuit Mission Policies • Christianity, Religious Beliefs, and “Superstition” • Breaking the Law • The Decline of Catholic Influence in China • Christianity and Buddhism: A Comparison
THREE: FOREIGN GOODS AND FOREIGN KNOWLEDGE
IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
War and Diplomacy in the High Qing • Trade • The Macartney Embassy • China and European Arts and Sciences • Astronomy and Mathematics • Cartography • Art and Architecture • Artillery • Chinese Abroad • Origins of a Stereotype
FOUR: THE TURNING OF THE TABLES, 1796–1860
China in the Early Nineteenth Century • Foreigners in China • The First Opium War, 1839–1842 • Chinese Mobilization • The Treaty of Nanjing, 1842 • The Rise of Shanghai • Chinese Emigration • The Taiping Rebellion • The Russians, the British, and the French, 1856–1860
FIVE: SHIELDS AND SWORDS, 1860–1914
Decline and Fall • The Foreign Presence • New Diplomacy • Christian Missionaries • Military Reform • Industrialization • The Boxers • Changes in Education • Study Overseas • Opium and Footbinding • Early Popular Action against Foreigners
SIX: OVERCOMING HABITS OF MIND, 1914–1949
Empire to Republic • China and Versailles • New Culture, New Politics • Work-Study • The Guomindang, the Chinese Communists, and the Soviet Union • Flirting with Fascism under Nationalist Rule, 1927–1937 • Rural Reconstruction • The Guomindang, the Communists, and Japan • China and the Western Allies in World War Two • Wartime Culture • Aftermath of War • Bringing Foreign Domination to an End
SEVEN: CULTURE AND CONFLICT, 1949–1997
The Korean War • New World Standing • China and the Soviet Union • China and the Vietnam War • The Cultural Revolution • Normalization of Relations with the United States • After Mao • The 1980s • Christianity under the People’s Republic • Hong Kong, Tibet, and Xinjiang • Adjusting Perspective • Culture and the Nation • Tiananmen, 1989 • China after Tiananmen
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