Notes

Introduction: A Great Joy Is Coming

1. The Institute for Integrative Nutrition, http://www.integrativenutrition.com/ (used with permission).

Chapter 1: Holistic Mama Prep

1. Robert A. Waterland and Randy L. Jirtle, “Transposable Elements: Targets for Early Nutritional Effects on Epigenetic Gene Regulation,” Molecular and Cellular Biology no. 15 (2003): 5293–5300, doi:10.1128/MCB.23.15.5293-5300.2003.

2. David Greening, “Daily Sex Helps Reduce Sperm DNA Damage and Improve Fertility” (Paper presented at 25th annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology [ESHRE], Amsterdam, Netherlands, June 30, 2009).

Chapter 2: Boosting Your Fertility

1. Gladys Martinez, Kimberly Daniels, Anjani Chandra, “Fertility of Men and Women Aged 15–44 Years in the United States: National Survey of Family Growth, 2006–2010,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Statistics Report 51 (April 12, 2012), http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr051.pdf.

2. D.B. Dunson, D.D. Baird, and B. Colombo, “Increased Infertility with Age in Men and Women,” Obstetrics and Gynecology 103, no. 1 (January 2004): 51–56, http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2004/01000/Increased_Infertility_With_Age_in_Men_and_Women.10.aspx.

3. “Pregnancy after 35: Healthy Moms, Healthy Babies,” last modified July 29, 2014, http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045756.

4. “FastStats: Infertility,” last modified February 13, 2014, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/infertility.htm.

5. American Society for Reproductive Medicine, “Age and Fertility: A Guide for Patients,” 2012, https://www.asrm.org/uploadedFiles/ASRM_Content/Resources/Patient_Resources/Fact_Sheets_and_Info_Booklets/agefertility.pdf.

6. “Down Syndrome: Risk Factors,” last modified April 19, 2014, http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/basics/risk-factors/con-20020948.

7. Katherine Goetzinger, Anthony Shanks, Anthony Odibo, George Macones, and Alison Cahill, “Advanced Maternal Age and the Risk of Major Congenital Anomalies: Survival of the Fittest?” (Study presented at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine’s annual The Pregnancy Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, February 3, 2014), http://www.smfmnewsroom.org/2014/01/study-suggests-women-35-and-older-are-at-decreased-risk-of-having-anatomically-abnormal-child.

8. Jean M. Twenge, The Impatient Woman’s Guide to Getting Pregnant (New York: Atria Books, 2012).

9. N. Maconochie, P. Doyle, S. Prior, and R. Simmons, “Risk Factors for First Trimester Miscarriage—Results from a UK-Population-Based Case–Control Study,” BJOG 114 (February 2007): 170–186, doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01193.

10. “Pregnancy after 35: Healthy Moms, Healthy Babies,” last modified July 29, 2014, http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20045756.

11. H. Henmi, T. Endo, Y. Kitajima, K. Manase, H. Hata, R. Kudo, “Effects of Ascorbic Acid Supplementation on Serum Progesterone Levels in Patients with a Luteal Phase Defect,” Fertility and Sterility 80 (2003): 459–561, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(03)00657-5.

12. Ray Peat, “TSH, Temperature, Pulse Rate, and Other Indicators of Hypothyroidism.” accessed October 1, 2014, http://raypeat.com/articles/articles/hypothyroidism.shtml.

13. J.B. Adams, M. Baral, E. Geis, J. Mitchell, J. Ingram, A. Hensley, I. Zappia, S. Newmark, E. Gehn, R.A. Rubin, K. Mitchell, J. Bradstreet, and J.M. El-Dahr, “The Severity of Autism Is Associated with Toxic Metal Body Burden and Red Blood Cell Glutathione Levels,” Journal of Toxicology (2009), http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/532640.

Chapter 3: Perfecting Preconception

1. S. Cohen, D. Janicki-Deverts, W.J. Doyle, G.E. Miller, E. Frank, B.S. Rabin, R.B. Turner, “Chronic Stress, Glucocorticoid Receptor Resistance, Inflammation, and Disease Risk,” PNAS, April 2, 2012, doi:10.1073/pnas.1118355109.

2. Brian Halweil, “Still No Free Lunch: Nutrient Levels in U.S. Food Supply Eroded by Pursuit of High Yields,” Organic Center (September 2007), https://www.organic-center.org/reportfiles/YieldsReport.pdf.

3. L.D. Lawson and B.G. Hughes, “Absorption of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid from Fish Oil Triacylglycerols or Fish Oil Ethyl Esters Coingested with a High-Fat Meal,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 156, no. 2 (October 1988): 960–963, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2847723.

4. A.M. Myhre, M.H. Carlsen, S.K. Bøhn, H.L. Wold, P. Laake, R. Blomhoff, “Water-Miscible, Emulsified, and Solid Forms of Retinol Supplements Are More Toxic Than Oil-Based Preparations,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78 (December 2003): 1152–1159, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14668278.

5. A. Aburto, H.M. Edwards Jr., W.M. Britton, “The Influence of Vitamin A on the Utilization and Amelioration of Toxicity of Cholecalciferol, 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol, and 1,25-Dihydroxy-Cholecalciferol in Young Broiler Chickens,” Poultry Science 77 (April 1998): 570–577, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9565243.

6. Sally Fallon and Mary G. Enig, “Vitamin A Saga,” Weston A. Price Foundation, last modified March 30, 2002, http://www.westonaprice.org/health-topics/abcs-of-nutrition/vitamin-a-saga.

7. K. Aagaard, J. Ma, K.M. Antony, R. Ganu, J. Petrosino, J. Versalovic, “The Placenta Harbors a Unique Microbiome,” Science Translational Medicine 6, no. 237 (May 21, 2014): 237, doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3008599.

8. Lisa M. Bodnar, Marijane A. Krohn, and Hyagriv N. Simhan, “Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis in the First Trimester of Pregnancy,” Journal of Nutrition 139, no. 6 (June 2009): 1157–1161, doi:10.3945/jn.108.103168.

9. Hethir Rodriguez, “Maca, Wonder Herb for Fertility…,” Natural Fertility Info, http://natural-fertility-info.com/maca.

10. Kazu-Michi Suzuki, Yoichiro Isohama, Hiroe Maruyama, Yayoi Yamada, Yukio Narita, Shozo Ohta, Yoko Araki, Takeshi Miyata, and Satoshi Mishima, “Estrogenic Activities of Fatty Acids and a Sterol Isolated from Royal Jelly,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 5, no. 3 (September 2008): 295–302, doi:10.1093/ecam/nem036.

Chapter 4: Preconception Detox

1. W. Guoyao, F.W. Bazer, T.A. Cudd, C.J. Meininger, T.E. Spencer, “Maternal Nutrition and Fetal Development.” American Society for Nutritional Sciences 134, no. 9 (September 1, 2004), http://jn.nutrition.org/content/134/9/2169.full.

2. Adapted from Stephen Cherniske, Caffeine Blues: Wake Up to the Hidden Dangers of America’s #1 Drug (New York: Warner Books, 1998).

3. Alice G. Walton, “How Much Sugar Are Americans Eating? [Infographic],” Forbes, last modified August 30, 2012, http://www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2012/08/30/how-much-sugar-are-americans-eating-infographic.

4. Elaine Schmidt, “This Is Your Brain on Sugar: UCLA Study Shows High-Fructose Diet Sabotages Learning, Memory,” UCLA Newsroom, last modified May 15, 2012, http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/this-is-your-brain-on-sugar-ucla-233992.

5. Adapted from Ann Louise Gittleman, Get the Sugar Out: 501 Simple Ways to Cut the Sugar Out of Any Diet (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2008).

6. Adapted from the Institute for Integrative Nutrition, http://www.integrativenutrition.com.

7. J. Kline, B. Levin, Z. Stein, M. Susser, and D. Warburton, “Epidemiologic Detection of Low Dose Effects on the Developing Fetus,” Environmental Health Perspectives 42 (December 1981): 119–126, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1568783.

8. William Davis, Wheat Belly: Lose the Wheat, Lose the Weight, and Find Your Path Back to Health (Emmaus, PA: Rodale Books, 2014).

9. Elaine Shannon, “What the Chemical Industry Doesn’t Want You to Know,” Environmental Working Group, last modified September 5, 2008, http://www.ewg.org/research/what-chemical-industry-doesnt-want-you-know.

Chapter 5: Recipe for a Super Baby

1. “Vital Signs: Listeria Illness, Deaths, and Outbreaks—United States 2009–2011,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, last modified June 7, 2013, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6222a4.htm?s_cid=mm6222a4_w.

2. Bonnie Bassler, “How Bacteria ‘Talk,’” TEDEd Lessons Worth Sharing, http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-bacteria-talk-bonnie-bassler.

3. Kimberly Hartke, “Raw Milk Symposium Will Explore Raw Milk Safety Issues,” Weston A. Price Foundation, last modified October 20, 2014, http://www.westonaprice.org/press/raw-milk-symposium-will-explore-raw-milk-safety-issues.

4. Yan Lin, “Dark Green Leafy Vegetables,” United States Department of Agriculture, last modified March 20, 2013, http://www.ars.usda.gov/News/docs.htm?docid=23199.

5. “7 Reasons to Eat More Saturated Fat,” Mercola.com, last modified September 22, 2009, http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2009/09/22/7-reasons-to-eat-more-saturated-fat.aspx.

6. “Nutrients to Support Thyroid Function,” Life Extension, http://www.lef.org/Protocols/Metabolic-Health/Thyroid-Regulation/Page-08.

Chapter 6: Weeks 1 through 13: Your First Trimester Guide

1. Fred Kummerow, “All Proteins Are Not the Same,” Weston A. Price Foundation, last modified October 4, 2011, http://www.westonaprice.org/vegetarianism-and-plant-foods/protein-building-blocks-of-the-body.

2. J. A. Greenberg, S.J. Bell, and W. Van Ausdal, “Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy,” Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1, no. 4 (Fall 2008): 162–169, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2621042/.

3. Phyllis A. Balch, CNC. Prescription for Dietary Wellness (New York: Avery Trade, 1992).

4. E. Oken and D.C. Bellinger, “Fish Consumption, Methylmercury and Child Neuro-Development,” Current Opinion in Pediatrics 20, no. 2 (April 2008): 178–183, doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e3282f5614c.

5. J.M. Coletta, S.J. Bell, and A.S. Roman, “Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Pregnancy,” Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, no. 4 (Fall 2010): 163–171, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3046737.

6. “Calcium and Milk: The Bottom Line,” Harvard School of Public Health, http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/calcium-and-milk.

7. Brendan Brazier, The Thrive Diet: The Whole Foods Way to Losing Weight, Reducing Stress, and Staying Healthy for Life (Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2007).

8. M. Farooq, A. Wahid, and Kadambot H.M. Siddique, “Micronutrient Application Through Seed Treatments—a Review,” Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 12, no. 1 (2012): 125–142, http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162012000100011.

9. “Hyperemesis Gravidarum,” American Pregnancy Association, last modified June, 2014, http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-complications/hyperemesis-gravidarum.

10. World Health Organization, Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Pre-Term Birth (Geneva: WHO Press, 2012), http://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2012/201204_borntoosoon-report.pdf.

11. “What Is a Midwife?” Midwives Alliance North America, http://mana.org/about-midwives/what-is-a-midwife.

Chapter 7: Weeks 14 through 26: Your Second Trimester Guide

1. James M. Roberts, Judith L. Balk, Lisa M. Bodnar, Jose M. Belizan, Eduardo Bergel, and Anibal Martinez, “Nutrient Involvement in Preeclampsia,” Journal of Nutrition 133, no. 5 (May 2003): 1684S–1692S, http://jn.nutrition.org/content/133/5/1684S.full.

2. J. Durlach, “New Data on the Importance of Gestational Mg Deficiency,” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 23, no. 6 (December 2004): 694S–700S, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637217.

3. University of Copenhagen, “Fetus Suffers When Mother Lacks Vitamin C,” Science Daily, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121116085629.htm.

4. Esther Casanueva, Carmina Ripoll, Maricruz Tolentino, Rosa Maria Morales, Frania Pfeffer, Pablo Vilchis, and Felipe Vadillo-Ortega, “Vitamin C Supplementation to Prevent Premature Rupture of the Chorioamniotic Membranes: A Randomized Trial,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81, no. 4 (April 2005): 859–863, http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/81/4/859.full.

5. “Cholestasis of Pregnancy,” American Pregnancy Association, http://americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-complications/cholestasis-of-pregnancy.

6. Ina May Gaskin, Spiritual Midwifery (Summertown, TN: Book Publishing, 2002).

7. G. Trueba, C. Contreras, M.T. Velazco, E.G. Lara, and H.B. Martínez, “Alternative Strategy to Decrease Cesarean Section: Support by Doulas During Labor,” Journal of Perinatal Education 9, no. 2 (2000): 8–13, doi:10.1624/105812400X87608.

Chapter 8: Weeks 27 through 40: Your Third Trimester Guide

1. “Preparing for Parenthood: Study Finds Pregnant Women Show Increased Activity in Right Side of Brain,” Royal Holloway University of London, last modified May 7, 2014, https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/news/newsarticles/preparingforparenthoodstudyfindspregnantwomenshowincreasedactivityinrightsideofbrain.aspx.

2. “Varicose Veins,” University of California, San Francisco, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, http://www.vascular.surgery.ucsf.edu/conditions--procedures/varicose-veins.aspx.

Chapter 9: The Ultimate Postpartum Survival Guide

1. L.E. Sockol, C.N. Epperson, J.P. Barber, “Preventing Postpartum Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review,” Clinical Psychology Review 33, no. 8 (December 2013): 1205–1217, doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.10.00.

2. Shoshana Bennett, “Do You Have Baby Blues or Postpartum Depression?” This Emotional Life, PBS, accessed May 28, 2015, http://www.pbs.org/thisemotionallife/blogs/do-you-have-baby-blues-or-postpartum-depression.

3. “Postpartum Depression,” Mayo Clinic, http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/basics/causes/con-20029130.

4. “Breastfeeeding,” World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/topics/breastfeeding/en.

5. Erika Frazer, “Chlorella Boot Camp,” My Fat-Free Pregnancy and Beyond, last modified September 2, 2010, http://myfatfreepregnancyandbeyond.blogspot.com/2010/09/chlorella-boot-camp.html.

6. Mark B. Kristal, “Placentophagia: A Biobehavioral Enigma,” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 4, no. 2 (1980): 141–150, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999389.

7. Jodi Selander, “Placenta for Healing,” Placenta Benefits Info, http://placentabenefits.info/medicinal.asp.

8. “Scientific Research,” Placenta Benefits, http://placentabenefits.info/research.asp.

9. “Postpartum Depression,” Mayo Clinic, last modified September 11, 2012, http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/basics/causes/con-20029130.

10. E. Soyková-Pachnerová, V. Brutar, B. Golová, E. Zvolská, “Placenta as a Lactagogon,” Gynaecologia 138, no. 6 (1954): 617–627.

11. “How Childbirth Affects Hormones: Estrogen Dominance, Postpartum Thyroiditis and Adrenal Health,” Hotze Health and Wellness Center, http://www.hotzehwc.com/2011/07/how-childbirth-affects-hormones-estrogen-dominan.

Chapter 10: Becoming a Super Dad

1. “Understanding Male Infertility,” InfertilitySpecialist.com, http://www.infertilityspecialist.com/male_infertility.html.

2. Robert M. Sapolsky, “Sperm Can Carry Dad’s Stress as Well as Genes,” Wall Street Journal, last modified September 5, 2014, http://m.us.wsj.com/articles/sperm-can-carry-dads-stress-as-well-as-his-genes-1409938666.

3. “A Healthy Diet May Radically Reduce Risk of Birth Defects,” Mercola.com, last modified October 18, 2011, http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/10/18/probiotics-may-reduce-risk-of-birth-defects.aspx.

4. “Men’s Fertility… How to Make Super Sperm,” Fertile Roots Nutrition, last modified October 4, 2011, http://fertilerootsnutrition.com/blog-fertile-roots-nutrition/55-mens-fertilitythe-making-of-qsuper-spermq.

5. K. Gapp, A. Jawaid, P. Sarkies, J. Bohacek, P. Pelczar, J. Prados, L. Farinelli, E. Miska, I.M. Mansuy, “Implication of Sperm RNAs in Transgenerational Inheritance of the Effects of Early Trauma in Mice,” Nature Neuroscience 17 (2014): 667–669, doi:10.1038/nn.3695.