Notes
2. INTRODUCTION
1. Tamara Plakins Thornton, Handwriting in America, p. 90.
3. THERE’S NOTHING WRONG WITH MY HANDWRITING
1. Times Higher Education Supplement, 23 February 2012.
2. ‘Write and wrong’, Guardian, 14 April 1987.
3. Dominic Sandbrook, Seasons in the Sun.
4. PR Newswire, 26 May 1994.
5. ‘Many believe penmanship is losing out to technology,’ Detroit News, 3 January 2000.
6. ‘Poor handwriting led to fatal dose,’ The Times, 9 December 2005.
7. Times Higher Education Supplement, 15 April 2010.
8. Caron Dann, ‘From Where I Sit – A sad loss of literacy Down Under’, Times Higher Education Supplement, 11 September 2008.
9. http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/teachingandlearning/curriculum/secondary/b00199101/english/ks3/attainment/writing, retrieved 1 February 2012.
10. ‘Pupils’ handwriting is not up to scratch’, The Times, 9 June 2006.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Letters Written to His Son, letter LVI.
14. ‘Indiana schools to teach children to type instead of joined-up handwriting’, Daily Telegraph, 7 July 2011.
15. ‘Teachers say good penmanship is a thing of the past’, AP State and Local Wire, 23 June 2001.
16. ‘Pupils get black marks for standard of writing’, Scotland on Sunday, 17 October 2010.
17. ‘Whatever became of Palmer?’ New York Times, 8 January 1984.
18. ‘P is for penmanship’, Chicago Daily Herald, 15 November 2006.
19. ‘Can you read this?’ New York Times, 25 January 1995.
20. ‘Teaching the Write Stuff’, Detroit News, 8 May 2007.
21. ‘Righting writing wrongs’, Washington Times, 11 July 2000.
22. ‘Write and wrong’, Guardian, 14 April 1987.
23. ‘The death of handwriting’, Guardian, 14 February 2006.
24. ‘Joined up letters, at a stroke’, Independent, 30 May 1996.
25. ‘Between the lines’, Guardian, 8 April 1997.
4. A HISTORY OF HANDWRITING, FROM STRING ONWARDS
1. Steven Roger Fischer, A History of Writing, p. 30.
7. OUT OF THE BILLIARD HALLS
1. Tamara Plakins Thornton, Handwriting in America, p. 49.
2. Reproduced in Rosemary Sassoon, Handwriting of the Twentieth Century, p. 23.
4. Kitty Burns Florey, Script and Scribble, p. 71.
5. Ibid, p. 25.
6. H.C. Spencer, Spencerian Key to Practical Penmanship, pp. 39–40.
7. Thornton, Handwriting in America, p. 48.
8. H.C. Spencer, Spencerian Key to Practical Handwriting, cited in Thornton, Handwriting in America, p. 50.
9. Rosemary Sassoon, Handwriting of the Twentieth Century, p. 20.
10. Henry Gordon, Handwriting and How to Teach It (circa 1875), quoted in Rosemary Sassoon, Handwriting of the Twentieth Century, p. 35.
11. Rosemary Sassoon, Handwriting of the Twentieth Century, pp. 27–9.
12. Kitty Burns Florey, Script and Scribble.
8. VERE FOSTER AND A.N. PALMER
1. Thornton, Handwriting in America, p. 67.
2. Thornton, Handwriting in America, p. 68.
3. ‘Many believe penmanship is losing out to technology’, The Detroit News, 3 January 2000.
4. Alfred Mendel, Personality in Handwriting, pp. 304–5.
10. PRINT AND MANUSCRIPT AND BALL AND STICK
1. Geoffrey Willans and Ronald Searle, Molesworth, Penguin Modern Classics, p. 118.
2. Priscilla Johnston, Edward Johnston.
3. Evelyn Waugh, Decline and Fall.
4. Rosemary Sassoon, Handwriting of the Twentieth Century, p. 74.
5. Ibid, p. 64.
6. Donald Jackson, The Story of Writing.
11. ‘UNE QUESTION DE WRITING’
1. To be found on http://www.laserlearning.tv
2. ‘Can you read this?’, New York Times, 25 January 1995.
3. Paul R. Pope, ‘Deutsche oder Lateinische Schrift?’, The German Quarterly, May 1931.
4. ‘German teachers campaign to simplify handwriting in schools’, Guardian, 29 June 2011.
5. Rosemary Sassoon, Handwriting of the Twentieth Century, p. 72.
13. HITLER’S HANDWRITING
1. Gerhard L.Weinberg, ‘Hitler’s Memorandum on the Four Year Plan: A Note’, German Studies Review, February 1988.
2. Gerhard L.Weinberg, ‘Hitler’s Private Testament of May 2nd, 1938’, The Journal of Modern History, December 1955.
3. Robert Harris, Selling Hitler, p. 180.
4. Ibid, p. 193.
5. Ibid, p. 353.
14. PREPARING THE BOYS FOR DEATH
1. Alfred Fairbank, The Story of Handwriting, p. 61.
2. Examples shown in ibid, plates 37 and 38 and fig. 7.
3. Dictionary of National Biography.
4. ‘Duelling handwriting styles’, The Ottawa Citizen, 15 March 1998.
5. Alfred Fairbank, The Story of Handwriting, p. 66.
6. Reginald Piggott, Survey, p. 31.
7. Tom Gourdie, Italic Handwriting.
8. Kitty Burns Florey, Script and Scribble, p. 166.
16. INK
1. Eric Singer, A Manual of Graphology.
2. The British Bellman, 1648. Charles Hindley, A History of the Cries of London, p. 41.
3. Joyce Irene Whalley, Writing Implements and Accessories, p. 80.
4. The British Bellman, 1648. Charles Hindley, A History of the Cries of London, pp. 100–1.
18. PENS
1. Joyce Irene Whalley, Writing Implements and Accessories, pp. 41–2.
2. Ibid, p. 44.
3. Ibid, pp. 52–4.
4. Ibid, p. 67.
5. Ibid, p. 65.
6. Ibid, p. 83.
19. MARION RICHARDSON
1. Dictionary of National Biography.
2. Marion Richardson, Writing and Writing Patterns: Teacher’s Book, p. 3.
3. Ibid, p. 4.
4. Ibid, pp. 21–41.
20. READING YOUR MIND
1. Tamara Plakins Thornton, Handwriting in America, p. 88.
22. VITATIVENESS
1. Tamara Plakins Thornton, Handwriting in America, p. 97.
2. Ibid, pp. 110–12.
3. ‘On Autographs’, from Curiosities of Literature: Second Series.
4. Eric Singer, A Manual of Graphology.
5. Singer, p. 169.
6. Rosa Baughan, Character Indicated by Handwriting.
7. Dorothy Sara, Handwriting Analysis for the Millions.
8. Rosa Baughan, Character Indicated by Handwriting, p. 32.
9. Stephen Kurdsen, Reading Character from Handwriting, p. 53.
10. Princess Anatole Marie Bariatinsky, Character As Revealed by Handwriting, p. 26.
11. Nadya Olyanova, Handwriting Tells, p. 235.
12. Alfred O. Mendel, Personality in Handwriting, p. 33.
13. Irene Marcuse, Guide to the Disturbed Personality Through Handwriting.
14. Stephen Kurdsen, Reading Character from Handwriting, p. 17.
15. Translated in Singer, p. 30.
16. Ben-Shakhar, ‘Can Graphology predict occupational success?’
17. Raj Persaud, ‘Writing wrongs’, Guardian, 10 February 2005.
18. Irene Marcuse, p. 67.
19. Dorothy Sara, Handwriting Analysis for the Millions.
23. NOT BEING ABLE TO READ: PROUST
1. Proust, In the Shade of Young Girls in Bloom.
2. Proust, Selected Letters, vol IV, ed. Philip Kolb, p. 96.
3. Ibid, p. 392.
4. Céleste Albaret, Monsieur Proust, p. 188.
5. Proust, Sodom and Gomorrah.
6. Proust, Letters, vol. 4, pp. 77–8.
7. Proust, In the Shade of Young Girls in Bloom.
8. Proust, The Fugitive.
9. Proust, In the Shade of Young Girls in Bloom.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Proust, The Fugitive.
13. Proust, Sodom and Gomorrah.
14. Proust, The Prisoner.
15. Proust, Sodom and Gomorrah.
16. Proust, The Walk by Swann’s House.
17. Ibid.
18. Proust, The Fugitive.
19. Proust, The Guermantes Walk.
20. Proust, Time Found Again.
21. Proust, The Fugitive.
22. Céleste Albaret, Monsieur Proust, p. 199
23. Proust, The Walk by Swann’s House.
24. Proust, The Fugitive.
25. Ibid.
26. Proust, The Walk by Swann’s House.
27. Proust, The Fugitive.
28. Ibid.
29. Proust, The Walk by Swann’s House.
30. Ibid.
31. Proust, Sodom and Gomorrah.
32. Proust, Time Found Again.
33. Céleste Albaret, Monsieur Proust, pp. 270–1.
24. HIRE ME, SIEGMUND
1. Niall Ferguson, High Financier, p. 421.
2. ‘For more employers, the scrawl is all’; Washington Post, 14 July 1989.
3. Raj Persaud, ‘Writing wrongs’, Guardian, 10 February 2005.
4. By Levy, cited in Ben-Shakhar.
5. Adrian Bangerter, Cornelius J. Konig, Sandrine Blatti and Alexander Salvisberg, ‘How Widespread Is Graphology in Personnel Selection Practice? A Case Study of a Job Market Myth’ International Jounral of Selection and Assessment, 17, 2 June 2009.
6. Private Eye, July 1970, quoted in Niall Ferguson, High Financier.
7. Ferguson, High Financier. p. 419.
8. Ibid, pp. 306–7.
26. BIROS AND NOT-BIROS
1. E.g. http://www.mendoza.edu.ar/efemerid/l_biro.htm, retrieved 10 November 2011.
2. Stephen Bayley, ‘Marcel Bich’, obituary, The Independent, 2 June 1994.
3. Ibid.
4. From Bic’s corporate website, http://www.bicworld.com
5. ‘La Très Véritable Histoire du stylo Bic’, images by Christian Rossi, scenario by Xavier Seguin, Okapi number 307, 1984.
6. Letter from Marcel Bich to shareholders, 1978.
7. Alfred Fairbank, The Story of Handwriting, p. 85.
8. Reginald Piggott, Handwriting: A National Survey, p. 147.
9. Nicolete Gray, ‘Away from the signs of the times, and back to a fair script’, The Times, 2 December 1977.