CONTENTS
PART FIVE
The Maturation of Chinese Civilization and New Challenges to Chinese Tradition
25. The Chinese Tradition in Retrospect
Huang Zongxi’s Critique of the Chinese Dynastic System
Waiting for the Dawn: A Plan for the Prince
Lü Liuliang’s Radical Orthodoxy
Commentaries on the Four Books
Late Confucian Scholarship: Wang Fuzhi (Ian MacMorran)
Wang’s “Revision” of Orthodox Neo-Confucianism
The Justification of Social and Cultural Divisions
The Preservation of Chinese Political and Cultural Integrity
Gu Yanwu, Beacon of Qing Scholarship
True Learning: Broad Knowledge and a Sense of Shame
Preface to Record of the Search for Antiquities
On the Concentration of Authority at Court
On Bureaucratic Local Administration, ca. 1660 (William Rowe)
The Han Learning and Text Criticism
Dai Zhen and Zhang Xuecheng (Lynn Struve)
Dai Zhen’s Text-Critical Moral Philosophy (L. Struve)
Letter to Shi Zhongming Concerning Scholarship (L. Struve)
Letter in Reply to Advanced Scholar Peng Yunchu (John Ewell)
Zhang Xuecheng’s Philosophy of History (L. Struve)
Cui Shu and the Critical Spirit
Foreword to the Essentials of the Record of Beliefs Investigated
Han Learning and Western Learning
The Qing Version of Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy
Village Lectures and the Sacred Edict
26. Popular Values and Beliefs
DAVID JOHNSON
A Procession on the Birthday of the Sanzong God
The Great Sai Ritual of Zhangzi County, Shanxi
The Refining Fire Ritual of Shenze Village, Zhejiang
The Attack on Hell, a Popular Funeral Ritual (John Lagerwey)
“Woman Huang Explicates the Diamond Sūtra”
The Precious Scroll [Baojuan] on the Lord of the Stove
The True Scripture of the Great Emperor
Selections from The Twenty-four Exemplars of Filial Piety
27. Chinese Responses to Early Christian Contacts
DAVID MUNGELLO
Li Zhizao: Preface to The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven
Xu Guangqi: A Memorial in Defense of the [Western] Teaching
Yang Guangxian’s Critique of Christianity
Yang Guangxian: I Cannot Do Otherwise (Budeyi) (John D. Young)
Zhang Xingyao and the Inculturation of Christianity
28. Chinese Statecraft and the Opening of China to the West
Chen Hongmou and Mid-Qing Statecraft (William Rowe)
Statecraft in the Grain Trade and Government-Controlled Brokerages
(Pierre-Etienne Will)
A Memorial on Grain Prices, the Grain Trade, and Government-Controlled Brokerages
Hong Liangji: On Imperial Malfeasance and China’s Population Problem (K. C. Liu)
Letter to Prince Cheng Earnestly Discussing the Political Affairs of the Time, 1799
The Deterioration of Local Government
Gong Zizhen’s Reformist Vision (K. C. Liu)
On the Lack of Moral Fiber Among Scholar-Officials
Institutional Paralysis and the Need for Reform
The Scholar-Teacher and Service to a Dynasty
Wei Yuan and Confucian Practicality (K. C. Liu)
Wei Yuan: Preface to Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings (Huangchao jingshi wenbian)
Criteria for Anthology of Qing Statecraft Writings
Learning and the Role of Scholar-Officials
On Institutional Progress in History
On Reform of the Tribute-Rice Transport System, 1825
On Reform of the Salt Monopoly
The Western Intrusion Into China
Letter to Wu Zixu on the Need for Western Guns and Ships
Preface to Military History of the Qing Dynasty (Shengwu jixu), 1842 (K. C. Liu)
Preface to Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Countries (Haiguo tuzhi)
29. The Heavenly Kingdom of the Taipings
The Book of Heavenly Commandments (Tiantiao shu)
A Primer in Verse (Youxue shi)
The Principles of the Heavenly Nature (Tianqing daolishu)
30. Moderate Reform and the Self-Strengthening Movement
K. C. LIU
Feng Guifen: On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons
On the Adoption of Western Learning
Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang: On Sending Young Men Abroad to Study
Zhang Zhidong: Exhortation to Learn
31. Radical Reform at the End of the Qing
Yan Fu on Evolution and Progress (DON PRICE)
Kang Youwei and the Reform Movement
The Need for Reforming Institutions
Conservative Reactions (CHESTER TAN)
Chu Chengbo: Reforming Men’s Minds Comes Before Reforming Institutions
Zhu Yixin: Fourth Letter in Reply to Kang Youwei
Ye Dehui: The Superiority of China and Confucianism
Reform Edict of January 29, 1901 (DOUGLAS REYNOLDS)
“The Consciousness of Rights” (Peter Zarrow)
“The Concept of the Nation” (P. Zarrow)
Liang Qichao and the New Press (Joan Judge)
Inaugural Statement for the Eastern Times (Shibao) (J. Judge)
Advocates of Script Reform (VICTOR MAIR)
Lu Zhuangzhang’s Attempt at Romanization
Wang Zhao’s “Mandarin Letters”
Zhang Binglin’s Revolutionary Nationalism (P. ZARROW)
Letter Opposing Kang Youwei’s Views on Revolution
32. The Nationalist Revolution
Sun Yat-sen and the Nationalist Revolution
“The Six Principles of the People’s Report”
The Three Stages of Revolution
Democracy and Absolutism: The Debate Over Political Tutelage
Luo Longji: What Kind of Political System Do We Want?
Jiang Tingfu: “Revolution and Absolutism”
Hu Shi: “National Reconstruction and Absolutism”
Chiang Kai-shek: Nationalism and Traditionalism
Chiang Kai-shek: Essentials of the New Life Movement
Jiang Jingguo (Chiang Ching-kuo): The Republic of China in Taiwan
The Evolution of Constitutional Democracy in Taiwan
Implementing “The Three People’s Principles”
33. The New Culture Movement
WING-TSIT CHAN
Chen Duxiu: “The Way of Confucius and Modern Life”
Hu Shi: “A Preliminary Discussion of Literary Reform”
Chen Duxiu: “On Literary Revolution”
Hu Shi: “Constructive Literary Revolution—A Literature of National Speech”
Gu Jiegang: Preface to Debates on Ancient History (1926)
Chen Duxiu: The True Meaning of Life
The Debate on Science and the Philosophy of Life
Zhang Junmai: “The Philosophy of Life”
Ding Wenjiang: “Metaphysics and Science”
Wu Zhihui: “A New Concept of the Universe and Life Based on a New Belief”
Hu Shi: Science and Philosophy of Life
The Controversy Over Chinese and Western Cultures
Liang Qichao: “Travel Impressions from Europe”
Liang Shuming: Chinese Civilization vis-a-vis Eastern and Western Philosophies
Hu Shi: Our Attitude Toward Modern Western Civilization
Sa Mengwu, He Bingsong, and Others: “Declaration for Cultural Construction on a Chinese Basis”
Hu Shi: Criticism of the “Declaration for Cultural Construction on a Chinese Basis”
Radical Critiques of Traditional Society (Peter Zarrow)
He Zhen: “What Women Should Know About Communism”
Han Yi: “Destroying the Family”
Liu Shipei: “Anarchist Revolution and Peasant Revolution”
Li Dazhao: The Victory of Bolshevism
“Report on an Investigation of the Hunan Peasant Movement”
“The Question of Land Redistribution”
The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party
The Dictatorship of the People’s Democracy
Liu Shaoqi: How to Be a Good Communist
Mao Zedong: The Rectification Campaign
Liu Shaoqi: “On Inner-Party Struggle”
Mao Zedong: “Combat Liberalism”
Mao Zedong: “On Art and Literature”
Wang Shiwei: “Political Leaders, Artists”
Ding Ling: “Thoughts on March 8, 1942”
Establishment of the People’s Republic
Mao Zedong: “Leaning to One Side”
Mao Zedong: “Stalin Is Our Commander”
Guo Moruo: Ode to Stalin—“Long Live Stalin” on His Seventieth Birthday, 1949 (Chao-ying Fang)
Ji Yun: “How China Proceeds with the Task of Industrialization” (1953)
Mao Zedong: “The Question of Agricultural Cooperation,” July 31, 1955
Mao Zedong: “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People”
Liu Binyan: “A Higher Kind of Loyalty”
Intellectual Opinions from the Hundred Flowers Period
Mao Zedong: Remarks at the Beidaihe Conference, August 1958
Peng Dehuai: “Letter of Opinion” to Mao Zedong on the Great Leap Forward, July 1959
Wu Han: “Hai Rui Scolds the Emperor,” June 19, 1959
The Sixteen Points: Guidelines for the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong
“What Have Song Shuo, Lu Ping, and Peng Peiyun Done in the Cultural Revolution?”
Wang Xizhe, Li Zhengtian, Chen Yiyang, Guo Hongzhi: “The Li Yi Zhe Poster,” November 1974
PART SEVEN
The Return to Stability and Tradition
37. Deng’s “Modernization” and Its Critics
R. LUFRANO
The Turn to Stability and Modernization
Yu Qiuli: “The Relationship Between Politics and Economics”
“Uphold the Four Basic Principles,” Speech by Deng Xiaoping, March 30, 1979
Early Critiques of the Deng Regime
Publication Statement, Beijing Spring Magazine, January 1979
Wei Jingsheng: The Fifth Modernization—Democracy, 1978 (Kristina Torgeson)
Democracy or New Dictatorship, Exploration, March 1979
Wall Poster from the April Fifth Forum
Wang Ruoshui: “Discussing the Question of Alienation”
Wang Ruoshui: “In Defense of Humanism”
Deng Xiaoping: “Build Socialism with Chinese Characteristics”
New Demands for Change and Democracy
Fang Lizhi: Democracy, Reform, and Modernization
Fang Lizhi: “Reform and Intellectuals,” Talk Given in 1986
Li Xiaojiang: “Awakening of Women’s Consciousness”
Wu Jiaxiang: “An Outline for Studying the New Authoritarianism,” May 1989
Yan Jiaqi: “How China Can Become Prosperous”
38. Twentieth-Century Christianity in China
JULIA CHING
Religion and the State (Ruth Hayhoe)
Religion and Culture (R. Hayhoe)
“Present-Day Religious Thought and Life in China”
Leadership and Citizenship Training
“The Present-Day Tragedy of Christianity”
“The Reformation of Christianity”
Wu Jingxiong: Christianity and Chinese Tradition
39. Reopening the Debate on Chinese Tradition
Manifesto for a Reappraisal of Sinology and the Reconstruction of Chinese Culture
Mou Zongsan’s Confucian Philosophy (JOHN BERTHRONG)
The Sensitivity and Steadfastness of Humaneness (ren)
Feng Youlan: “China—An Ancient Nation with a New Mission”
The Continuing Critique of Tradition
Sun Longji: “The Deep Structure of Chinese Culture”
Su Xiaokang and Wang Luxiang: “River Elegy,” a Television Documentary
Li Zehou: “A Reevaluation of Confucianism” (Woei Lien Chong)