Index
abatement, emission reduction see emission reduction
absolute advantage, and trade ref1
activity, and consciousness ref1
adjustment costs, moving from one industry to another ref1
advanced economies, austerity programs ref1
affirmative action programs ref1
agents: people as self-conscious ref1, ref2; for social change ref3
agents of history ref1, ref2, ref3
aggregate consumption ref1
aggregate demand ref1; and aggregate supply ref2, ref3, ref4; barter exchange economy ref5, ref6; and demand for exports ref7; and fiscal policy ref8, ref9, ref10; fluctuating ref11; governments increasing ref12; and government spending ref13; and household consumption ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17; and investment demand ref18; Keynes ref19; and monetary policies ref20, ref21; and money supply ref22; and multiplier effect ref23; in open economy model ref24; and production ref25; and taxation ref26; and wage increases ref27
aggregate supply see also gross domestic product (GDP): and aggregate demand ref1, ref2, ref3; barter exchange economy ref4, ref5; in open economy model ref6
agricultural production, social costs of ref1
agricultural technology, Green Revolution in ref1
agriculture, third world ref1
ALBA ref1
alienated labor, employees choosing ref1
alienation ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Allende, Salvador ref1
American International Group (AIG) see AIG
anarchist traditions ref1
anti-social bias: capitalism ref1; markets ref2
anti-trust policy, and industry competitiveness ref1
apartheid, South Africa ref1
appreciation, of currency ref1, ref2
Arab Spring ref1
arbitrage ref1
Asian development model ref1, ref2, ref3
Asian Tigers ref1
asset bubbles, emerging economies ref1
assets, evaluating ref1
austerity programs: advanced economies ref1; European Commission (EC) ref2, ref3; Eurozone ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; failure of ref8, ref9; fiscal/response to recession ref10; Greece ref11; IMF ref12, ref13; and incomes ref14, ref15; myth of ref16; and production ref17; and tax revenues ref1; and trade deficits ref2; and unemployment ref3, ref4
autarky: advantage under ref1; domestic corn economy ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; inequality under ref7, ref8, ref9; outcomes under ref10; in real corn economy ref11, ref12; and sacrifice ref13; wage rates under ref14
authoritarian dynamics, of economic/kinship sphere ref1
authoritarian economies, and political democracy ref1
auto industry ref1
bail out loans ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
bail out of banks, taxpayer funded ref1
balanced budget amendment ref1n.2
balanced budget multiplier ref1
balanced budget ploy ref1
Baldwin, Stanley ref1
banking industry, regulation of ref1, ref2
banking system, and efficiency in real economy ref1
Bank of Japan ref1
Bank of the South ref1
bank runs ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
bankruptcy(ies): of AIG ref1; of banks ref2, ref3; of emerging market economies ref4; federal ref5; Lehman Brothers ref6, ref7; Savings and Loan Crisis 1980s ref8
banks ref1 see also names of individual banks; bankruptcy of ref2, ref3; in a domestic corn economy ref4; imperfect lending without ref5; Japan/Korea ref6; lending with ref7; publicly owned/ France ref8; regulation of ref9; rescuing from insolvency ref10; Wall Street banks see Wall Street banks
bargaining power: of capitalists ref1; of capital over labor ref2; and division of surplus ref3; and efficiency gains ref4; employers/employees ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; of labor and capital/real wages ref9; of third world workers ref10; and tight labor markets ref11; of workers/capacity utilization ref12
barter exchange economy ref1, ref2
behavior, actual/expected ref1
benefits: private ref1; social ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Bernanke, Ben ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Blair, Tony ref1
Bolivia ref1
Bookchin, Murray ref1
Born on Third Base ref1
borrowing costs, Greece ref1
Boulding, Kenneth ref1
Bowles, Erskine ref1
Bowles, Samuel ref1
Bretton Woods conference/era ref1, ref2, ref3
BRICS ref1
Brown, Jerry ref1
Brundtland Commission ref1
bubbles: asset/emerging economies ref1; global financial ref2; housing ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; market ref9, ref10, ref11; vulnerability to ref12
budget, balanced ref1
Budget Control Act 2011 ref1
budget deficit ref1 see also deficit(s); calculating ref2; and fiscal policy ref3, ref4; Greece ref5; and unemployment gap ref6
budgets, either/or fallacy ref1
budget surplus ref1; calculating ref2; and fiscal policy ref3
Bureau of Economic Analysis ref1, ref2
Bush administration (first) ref1, ref2, ref3
Bush administration (second): debt/GDP ratio ref1, ref2; environmental issues ref3; and financial crisis ref4; and TARP I ref5; taxation/military spending ref6; taxpayer bailout of banks ref7
business investment ref1
buyers: and inflation ref1; of mortgage-backed securities/insurance to ref2; power of ref3; rent seeking at expense of ref4; satisfaction of ref5
Cameron Tory/Liberal government (UK) ref1
capacity utilization ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
capital: demand for/and increased trade ref1; fixed/and new technologies ref2; natural/precautionary principle ref3; role of ref4
capital accumulation, and wages ref1
capital controls ref1
capital flows: international/regulation of ref1; open economy model ref2
capital intensive production process ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
capital intensive technique (CIT) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
capitalism: anti-social bias ref1; and communism ref2; and corporate power ref3, ref4; culture of ref5; and economic power ref6; efficiency of ref7; and equal political opportunity ref8; failings of ref9; and fear as motivation ref10; free market ref11, ref12; German model ref13; golden era of ref14; humanizing ref15, ref16; and inequality ref17, ref18; Japan ref19; laissez faire ref20, ref21; neoliberal ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25; power relations amongst classes ref26; and prices ref27; and profits ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31; and property rights system ref32; proposals to replace ref33; real/ technological innefficiencies in ref34; social democratic ref35; technology in ref36, ref37, ref38; and union shops ref39; and wages ref40, ref41, ref42; work in ref43
Capitalism and Freedom ref1
capitalists: animal spirits of ref1; bargaining power of ref2; earning quasi-rents/ profits ref3; investment and savings of/and capacity utilization ref4, ref5; and new technology ref6; as parasites ref7; and social interest ref8
capital–labor ratio ref1
capital liberalization ref1, ref2
capital-rich countries, and efficiency gains from trade ref1
carbon tax ref1
Center for Economic Policy Research ref1
Center for Popular Economics ref1
Center for Technology Assessment ref1
ceteris paribus ref1, ref2, ref3
characteristics, human ref1
character structures, detrimental ref1
charter schools ref1
children, disadvantaged/education ref1
choice, and economic institutions ref1
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission ref1, ref2
civic life, decay of ref1
class exploitation ref1
classical economists ref1
class interests, self-serving ref1
class oppression, South Africa ref1
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) ref1, ref2
climate change ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Climate Control Treaties ref1
Cline, William ref1
Clinton administration ref1, ref2, ref3
closed economy, macroeconomic policy in ref1
co-determination, Europe ref1
coercion, in markets ref1
coercive exchanges ref1
cognitive dissonance ref1
collective bargaining, and wage rates ref1
Collins, Chuck & Yeskel, Felice ref1, ref2
colonialism, of Great Britain ref1
communism, and capitalism ref1
communist economies, and central planning ref1
community based economy ref1
community institutions, and racial/religious minorities ref1
community sphere ref1, ref2, ref3
comparative advantage (CA) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
compensation see also wages: according to effort ref1, ref2, ref3; excessive/and inequality ref4
competition: in banking industry ref1; and new technology ref2, ref3; for profits ref4
competitive advantage, and trade ref1
competitiveness, and anti-trust policy ref1
complementary holism ref1
composition of output ref1
conditionality agreements, IMF ref1, ref2, ref3
conflict theory of the firm ref1, ref2, ref3
conformity, lack of/social instability ref1
consciousness, human ref1, ref2, ref3
conservative economists, and unemployment ref1
conservative maxim, economic justice ref1, ref2
constant returns to scale ref1n.2
consumer cooperatives ref1
consumer empowerment ref1
consumerism, green ref1
consumer sovereignty ref1
consumers, preferences of ref1
consumption externality ref1
consumption function, and economic behavior ref1
consumption sector, inefficiency ref1
consumption spending, open economy model ref1
contagion ref1
Contract for America ref1
contribution-based maxim ref1
cooperation, equitable ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
corn economy: conclusions from ref1; domestic ref2; economic justice/exploitation/alienation in ref3; economic justice in ref4; egalitarian distribution of seed corn ref5; generalizing conclusions of ref6; global ref7; inegalitarian distribution of seed corn ref8
corporate money, and elections ref1
corporate power: and capitalism ref1, ref2; and wages ref3
corporate profit rates ref1, ref2
corporations see also multinational companies (MNCs): and economic power ref1; and industrial policy ref2
cost benefit analysis, and efficiency criterion ref1
cost push inflation ref1
costs/benefits of trade, unfair distribution of ref1
costs, social/private of production ref1, ref2, ref3
crashes, market ref1, ref2, ref3
credit boycotts, international ref1
credit default swaps ref1, ref2, ref3
credit markets ref1, ref2; and efficiency/inequality ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; and employee status ref9; imperfect/ informal ref10; international ref11, ref12; and the poor ref13; and sacrifice ref14
credit system: breakdown of ref1; and efficiency losses ref2; post Lehman Brothers ref3; and profit from others productivity ref4, ref5; public ref6; and real economy ref7, ref8
crises, currency ref1 see also financial crises culture, of capitalism ref2
currencies: appreciation/depreciation ref1, ref2, ref3; convertability of ref4; crises ref5 see also financial crises; currency prices ref6, ref7; and deflationary policies ref8; supply/demand for ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12; values/and imports ref13, ref14
currency markets ref1; international ref2; and international investment ref3
cyclical unemployment ref1
Das Kapital ref1
debt: crisis ref1; debt ceiling ref2; debt/GDP ratio ref3, ref4; fears about ref5; and Great Recession ref6, ref7; Greece ref8, ref9; national/myths about ref10; owners of US ref11; service burden ref12; traps/ poor countries ref13
decision-making: authority/and property rights system ref1; and credit/labor markets ref2n.14; hierarchical ref3; self-managed ref4
default: on international loans ref1; on national debt ref2; on sub-prime mortgages ref3
deficit(s) see also budget deficits: deficit mania ref1; deficit reduction ref2, ref3; myths about ref4; and recession ref5; trade ref6, ref7, ref8
deflationary policies ref1, ref2, ref3
de-growth movement ref1
demand: aggregate demand see aggregate demand; barter exchange economy ref1; business ref2, ref3; for capital/increased trade ref4; conditions/and psychological factors ref5; consumption demand ref6, ref7; currencies ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11; elasticity of ref12, ref13; for emission rights ref14 see also trade in emission rights; excess demand ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20; for exports ref21; household/ business/government ref22; household consumption ref23; investment ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27; for investment goods/and household savings ref28; for labor ref29; law of ref30; macro law of supply and demand ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34, ref35; market/and social benefit of public goods ref36, ref37; micro law of supply and demand ref38, ref39, ref40, ref41, ref42, ref43, ref44; for products ref45
demand pull inflation ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
democracy: and central planning ref1; political/economic ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; social democracy ref6, ref7; US ref8, ref9
democratic councils of workers/consumers ref1
democratic planning ref1
depositors: behavior of ref1; rational ref2
depreciation, of currency ref1
deregulation ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
derivatives ref1n.4
derived needs/potentials ref1
derived needs/powers ref1
desirability, jobs balanced for ref1
developing economies, and financial crises ref1 see also less developed countries (LDCs)
development effects ref1
development strategy, virtuous long run ref1
Devine, Pat ref1
dictatorship, of the propertied ref1
direct foreign investment (DFI) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
disadvantaged children, and education ref1
discount rate, of interest ref1, ref2
discretionary spending, and debt burden ref1
discrimination: and economic efficiency ref1; free enterprise reducing ref2; gender-based wage ref3; and government efforts ref4; profit-increasing/reducing effects of ref5
disequilibrating forces ref1, ref2
distribution of wealth, and private enterprise ref1
distributive effects, of trade ref1, ref2
dividends ref1
doctor-garbage collector problem ref1
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act 2010 ref1, ref2
domestic production, open economy model ref1
dominance, and complementary holism ref1
dominant strategy equilibrium ref1
downturns ref1
East Asian financial crisis ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
EcoEquity website/calculator ref1
ecological crisis ref1
ecological perspective, natural environment ref1
economic behavior, and consumption function ref1
economic choices ref1
economic crises see also East Asian financial crisis; financial crisis 2008: and bubbles/ crashes ref1; and class struggle ref2; and complementary holism ref3; detracting from climate change ref4; and economic inequality ref5; and free market finance ref6
economic democracy, and political democracy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
economic dynamics, and class struggle ref1
economic efficiency see efficiency
economic freedom ref1
economic growth see growth
economic inequality see inequality
economic institutions: efficiency of ref1; and people’s preferences ref2; and solidarity ref3
economic justice ref1; conservative maxim ref2, ref3; in corn economy ref4; differing conceptions of ref5; liberal maxim ref6, ref7, ref8; and patriarchal power ref9; and productive property ownership ref10; radical maxim ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14; reducing injustice ref15
economic needs, and social relationships ref1
economic policies see policy(ies)
Economic Policy Institute ref1, ref2
economic power: and capitalism ref1; and class war ref2; of employers ref3
Economic Report of the President 1994 ref1
economic self-management ref1, ref2
economics of equitable cooperation ref1, ref2
economics, participatory ref1
economic systems, evaluating ref1
economic theory ref1
economic variety ref1
economic wellbeing, and throughput ref1
economies of scale ref1
economy(ies): advanced/lower growth rates ref1; barter exchange economy ref2, ref3; capitalist/and new technology ref4; centrally planned ref5, ref6; communist ref7; community based ref8; efficiency of ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15; equilibrating/ disequilibrating forces ref16, ref17; and equity ref18; financial/real ref19; future ref20, ref21; inequality in ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26; mixed ref27, ref28; neoliberal low wage ref29; new ref30; participatory ref31, ref32; patriarchal power in ref33; as potentially productive ref34; price equations for ref35; productive ref36; productivity of/ Sraffa model ref37; Scandinavian ref38; and self-management ref39; stimulation of ref40; US/in Great Recession ref41; wage rates in Capitalist ref42, ref43, ref44
ecosystems ref1
education: and lack of self-management ref1; and personal contribution ref2; public ref3
effectiveness, of emission reduction ref1
efficiency ref1 see also efficiency gains; efficiency losses; of capitalism ref2; and credit markets ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; and discrimination ref9; dynamic efficiency ref10, ref11; of economic institutions ref12; of economy ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19; efficiency criterion ref20, ref21, ref22; of emission reduction ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26; and endogenous preferences ref27; and equity ref28; of free enterprise ref29; global see global efficiency; and government failure ref30; and labor markets ref31, ref32; of markets ref33; and new technology ref34; and Pareto optimality ref35; private enterprise ref36; and specialization ref37; static/dynamic ref38, ref39
efficiency gains: and bargaining power ref1; and employers ref2, ref3; from international specialization/trade ref4; and lenders ref5, ref6; and neoliberal globalization ref7; from trade/capital-rich countries ref8
efficiency losses: and credit system ref1; due to patriarchal power ref2; eliminating ref3; and financial crises ref4; and international finance ref5; price of power ref6; and trade treaties ref7
effort, payment according to ref1 see also sacrifice
elasticity, of supply/demand ref1, ref2
elites: and full employment macro policies ref1; and inflation ref2; land grabs by ref3; and political power ref4; preserving the status quo ref5; response to economic crisis ref6; and unemployment ref7
emerging economies see also less developed countries (LDCs): bankruptcies of ref1; international lending/and asset bubbles ref2
emission reduction ref1, ref2, ref3
emission rights ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
emissions, greenhouse gases see greenhouse gases
empathy, for others ref1
employees: bargaining power ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; becoming an employee ref5; characteristics of/and wage rates ref6; and credit markets ref7; empowerment/and new technology ref8; rights/and employer rights ref9; solidarity of ref10
employer–employee relationship ref1
employers: bargaining power ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; becoming a ref5, ref6, ref7; benefitting from unemployment ref8; economic power of ref9; and efficiency gains ref10, ref11; and loose labor markets ref12; rights/ and employee rights ref13; and use of fear ref14
employment see also unemployment; work: guarantee of full ref1; and macroeconomic policy ref2, ref3; in recession ref4; and welfare systems ref5
Employment Act 1946 ref1
empowerment: employees/and new technology ref1; jobs balanced for ref2; worker/consumer ref3
End of Welfare? Consequences of the Federal Devolution for the Nation, The ref1
endogenous preferences, and efficiency ref1
environmental problems, and economic growth ref1
environmental provisions, in international economic treaties ref1
environmental standards, third world countries ref1
environmental sustainability ref1
environment, natural ref1
equilibrating forces ref1, ref2
equilibrium, and sectoral imbalances ref1
equilibrium GDP ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
equilibrium price ref1, ref2, ref3
equilibrium quantity ref1
equilibrium wage ref1, ref2, ref3
equilibrium weekly rate, of interest ref1, ref2
equitable cooperation ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
equity: conservative maxim ref1; and the economy ref2; and efficiency ref3; of emission reduction ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; intergenerational ref8, ref9
equivalent macroeconomic policies ref1
esteem, search for ref1
ethical framework, applied to corn model ref1
Europe: co-determination ref1; social democratic parties ref2; unemployment ref3
European Central Bank (ECB) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
European Commission (EC) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
European governments, response to recession ref1
European Monetary Union (EMU) ref1
European Union (EU) ref1
evaluation, of economy/policies/systems ref1
excess demand ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
excess supply ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
exchanges: coercive ref1; under non-competitive conditions ref2; voluntary/ mutually beneficial ref3
exit options, unequal ref1
expansionary policies ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4n.7
exploitation: class ref1; in corn economy ref2; defined ref3; international trade as ref4n.19, ref5; and outcomes ref6, ref7; South Africa ref8
export led growth ref1
exports: and aggregate demand ref1; and currency demands ref2; less developed countries (LDCs) ref3; in open economy model ref4
extensions, and credit system ref1
externalities: auto industry ref1; consumption/production ref2; and welfare economics ref3
factors of production: abundant/and comparative advantage ref1; advantage of ref2; marginal productivity of ref3
fairness: of free enterprise ref1; of markets ref2
false trading ref1
families, disadvantaged/and education ref1
fear(s): about debt ref1; of inflation ref2; as means of motivation/capitalism ref3; and reduction of safety net ref4; use of by employers ref5
feasible terms of trade ref1, ref2
federal bankruptcy ref1
federal civil service retirement and disability fund, owning debt ref1
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) ref1
federal government: borrowing ref1; debt/deficits ref2
federal grants, elimination of ref1
Federal Reserve Act ref1
Federal Reserve Bank: bail out of of Wall Street ref1; blocking mark to market accounting procedures ref2; and interest rates ref3, ref4; lending to private commercial banks ref5; and minimum legal reserve requirement ref6; and monetary expansion ref7; monetary stimulus ref8; and money supply ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12; open market operations ref13; owning debt ref14; purchases of assets from banks ref15; rescuing banks ref16; and wealth in US ref17
Federal Reserve Banking System ref1, ref2
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC) ref1
federal taxes, regressive ref1
federation of neighborhood consumer councils ref1
female wage gap ref1
feminism, and kinship/reproductive sphere ref1
Ferry, Luc ref1
FICA taxes ref1
finance ref1; in real corn economies ref2; taming ref3
Financial Control Board ref1
financial crashes, vulnerability to ref1 see also crashes
financial crises: and damage to real economies ref1; and developing economies ref2; East Asian financial crisis ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; and investor behavior ref7, ref8
financial crisis 2008 ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 see also Great Recession; recessions
financial economies, and real economies ref1
financial industry, nationalization of ref1
Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act 1989 ref1
financial liberation, international ref1
financial regulation ref1, ref2, ref3
financial system, remaining prone to crises ref1
first mover advantage ref1, ref2
fiscal austerity see austerity programs
fiscal cliff ref1
fiscal policy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
fiscal policy multiplier ref1
fiscal stimulus ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Flood, Curt ref1
Forbes, Steve Jr. ref1
foreign aid ref1
foreign currency reserves ref1
foreign investments see also direct foreign investment (DFI): and interest rates ref1; third world countries seeking ref2
France ref1
free and independent people ref1
free enterprise: and economic freedom ref1; efficiency of ref2; fairness of ref3; and government responsibility ref4; and political democracy ref5; reducing discrimination ref6
free market capitalism ref1, ref2
free market finance, and crises ref1
free market terms of trade, and global inequality ref1
free rider problem ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
free trade ref1
frictional unemployment ref1
Friedman, Milton ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
fulfillment effects ref1
full employment GDP ref1
full employment macro policies ref1
full Keynesian program ref1, ref2, ref3
functioning money supply ref1
fungibility ref1
furlough ref1
game theory payoff matrix ref1
gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) movement ref1
Geithner, Timothy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
gender-based wage discrimination ref1
gender groups, inequality ref1
gender relations, patriarchal ref1
general elections 2000 ref1
General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, The ref1, ref2
genetics, and personal contribution ref1
German model, capitalism ref1
ghetto schools ref1
Gingrich, Newt ref1
Glass-Steagall Banking Act 1933 ref1, ref2
global efficiency: and direct foreign investment ref1; global corn economy ref2, ref3, ref4; and income inequality ref5; and international financial system ref6; and international investment ref7, ref8; trade decreasing ref9; trade increasing ref10
global finance, hegemony of ref1
global financial bubbles ref1
global financial system, regulation ref1
global inequality: and emissions ref1; and free market terms of trade ref2; global corn economy ref3, ref4, ref5; and international investment ref6; reducing ref7; rising levels of ref8, ref9; and trade ref10, ref11
globalization: corporate sponsored ref1; neoliberal ref2, ref3; and third world agriculture ref4
goods, socially efficient level of output ref1
Government Accounting Office ref1, ref2
government budget, and money supply ref1
government demand ref1
government failure, and efficiency ref1
government(s): and discrimination ref1; increasing aggregate demand ref2; influence over banking/industrial policy ref1; spending ref2, ref3, ref4; underwriting of Wall Street ref5
government spending multiplier ref1, ref2
government transfer payments ref1n.2
Grameen Bank, Bangladesh ref1
Gramm-Rudman Act ref1
Great Depression ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Great Global Asset Swindle ref1
Great Recession: counterproductive response to ref1; and debt ref2, ref3; fiscal stimulus ref4, ref5; and neoliberal capitalism ref6; and profits ref7; and unemployment ref8, ref9, ref10; US economy during ref11; and wages ref12, ref13
Greece: budget deficit ref1; debt ref2, ref3; demonstrations ref4; EU austerity policy ref5; living standards ref6; unemployment ref7, ref8
green consumerism ref1 Green Economics: Confronting the Ecological Crisis ref2, ref3
greenhouse gases ref1, ref2, ref3
green new deal ref1
Green Revolution, in agricultural technology ref1
Greenspan, Alan ref1
green taxes, regressive ref1
Greenwood, Daphne & Wolff, Edward ref1
gross domestic income (GDI) ref1, ref2
gross domestic product (GDP) see also aggregate supply: actual ref1, ref2; equilibrium GDP ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; full employment GDP ref7; global/decrease in ref8; and growth ref9, ref10; potential GDP ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16
growth: in advanced economies ref1; and corporate profit rates ref2; and environmental problems ref3; export led ref4; global rates ref5; and inflation ref6n.8; less developed countries (LDCs) ref7; and macroeconomic theory ref8; neoclassical growth theories ref9; neo-Marxist growth models ref10; profit-led ref11, ref12, ref13; rate of/and actual GDP ref14; Scandinavia ref15; strategies ref16; uneconomic ref17; wage-led ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22; and wages ref23; in wealth ref24
Hawkins, Howard ref1
Heckscher, Eli ref1
Heckscher-Ohlin theory ref1, ref2
hedge funds ref1
Henry, Shannon ref1
Herman, Ed ref1
high road growth strategy ref1, ref2
historical materialism ref1, ref2, ref3
homosexuality ref1
Hong Kong ref1
Hoover, Herbert ref1, ref2, ref3
household consumption, and aggregate demand ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
household demand ref1
household savings, and business demand for investment goods ref1
households, wealth of ref1
housing bubbles ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
housing market, US ref1
human activity, and social institutions ref1
human center ref1; defined ref2; and institutional boundary ref3, ref4, ref5
human characteristics ref1, ref2
human consciousness ref1, ref2
human development effects, economic choices ref1
human development, theory of ref1
Human Harvest, The ref1
humans: individualistic interpretation of ref1; needs of ref2; as self-conscious/self-creative/ social species ref3; as self-creative ref4, ref5, ref6
human sociability ref1
human society, as part of a natural ecosystem ref1
human traits, and markets ref1
Humphrey Hawkins Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act 1978 ref1, ref2
Hunt, E.K. ref1
Iceland ref1
IMF: anti-IMF riots ref1; austerity programs ref2, ref3; bail out loans ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; conditionality agreements ref8, ref9, ref10; and deregulation ref11; policies ref12; and privatization ref13; structural adjustment agreements ref14; unpopularity of ref15, ref16
imperfect experiments in equitable cooperation ref1
imperfect lending, without banks ref1
imports: and currency supply ref1; and national income ref2, ref3; in open economy model ref4
incentive compatible ref1
incentives, perverse ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
income: and austerity programs ref1, ref2; and capacity utilization ref3, ref4; and deflationary policies ref5; distribution/ and power relations ref6; and expansionary policies ref7n.7; increasing inequality in ref8; national/and imports ref9, ref10; national/labor’s share of ref11; from productive property ref12; real/and inflation ref13
income expenditure multipliers ref1, ref2
income inequality: and global efficiency ref1; and liberalization of international finance ref2
indicative planning ref1, ref2
individual freedom, and self-management ref1, ref2
individualistic interpretation, of humans ref1
industrial policy ref1, ref2, ref3
industries, bottlenecks ref1, ref2
industry competitiveness, and anti-trust policy ref1
inefficiency: in auto industry ref1; consumption sector ref2; and market disequilibria ref3; production sector ref4; and sectoral imbalances ref5; snowballing ref6
inequality: under autarky ref1, ref2, ref3; in capitalist economies ref4, ref5; and coercive exchanges ref6; and competitive/ non-competitive markets ref7; and credit markets ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13; and credit system ref14; economic ref15; economic/rising ref16; in economy ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21; ethical judgements about ref22; gender groups ref23; global see global inequality; in healthcare ref24; and inherited wealth ref25, ref26, ref27; and labor markets ref28, ref29, ref30; and luck ref31; and markets ref32; measuring ref33; and private enterprise ref34; in real world capitalism ref35; rising/inside less developed countries ref36; rising/ in US ref37; and sacrifice ref38, ref39; and trading of goods ref40; in unemployment/ Eurozone ref41; and unfair advantage ref42; in US/developed countries ref43, ref44; from voluntary, competitive exchanges ref45; and voluntary/mutually beneficial exchanges ref46; wealth ref47, ref48, ref49; wealth and income/within countries ref50
inflation: and buyers ref1; cost push ref2; demand pull ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; and economic growth ref9n.8; effects of ref10; fear of ref11; and fiscal policy ref12, ref13; gaps ref14, ref15, ref16; and growth ref17n.8; and imports ref18; and macro law of supply and demand ref19; and monetary policies ref20, ref21, ref22; myths about ref23; profit push ref24; and real income ref25; and unemployment ref26; US ref27, ref28; wage push ref29; and the wealthy ref30
inherited wealth ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
injustice, reducing economic ref1
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations see Wealth of Nations
Institute for International Economics ref1
institutional boundary ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
institutional change, and human consciousness ref1
institutional investors, buying Triple A mortgage-based securities ref1
institutions: community/and minorities ref1; economic/and people’s preferences ref2; economic/and solidarity ref3; economic/efficiency of ref4; market as an ref5; social ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; social roles defined by ref10
insurance: to buyers of mortgage-backed securities ref1; deposit ref2, ref3; federal ref4, ref5
insurance industry, regulation ref1
Inter American Development Bank ref1
interest payments, on US debt ref1
interest rates: on bail out loans ref1; and bond vigilantes ref2; and changes in money supply ref3; determination of ref4; discount rate of ref5, ref6; equilibrium weekly rate of ref7, ref8; and Federal Reserve Bank ref9, ref10; and foreign investment ref11; and international investment ref12; international rate of interest (r) ref13, ref14; and investment demand ref15, ref16, ref17; lowering ref18; and private investment ref19
intergenerational equity ref1, ref2
international bond vigilantes ref1
international borrowing, and debt traps/poor countries ref1
international capital liberalization ref1
international climate treaty ref1
international communities, power relations ref1
international credit, and production/developing countries ref1
international credit boycotts ref1
international credit market ref1, ref2
international currency markets ref1
international economic treaties, environmental provisions in ref1
international finance: and efficiency losses ref1; liberalization of/and income inequality ref2
international financial crises ref1 see also financial crises; financial crisis 2008
international financial investment (IFI) ref1, ref2
international financial liberation ref1
international financial system, and global efficiency ref1
international investment: and currency markets ref1; and exploitation of LDCs ref2; in global corn economy ref3; and global efficiency ref4, ref5; and global inequality ref6; and interest rates ref7; liberalization of ref8
international lending, and asset bubbles/emerging economies ref1
international loans, defaulting on ref1
international markets, instability of/macro inefficiencies ref1
International Monetary Fund see IMF
international rate of interest (r) ref1, ref2
international reserve currency, US dollars as ref1
international specialization, efficiency gains from ref1
international trade: efficiency gains from ref1; as exploitation ref2n.19, ref3
international transportation, social costs of ref1n.3
interpersonal externality, concern for others as ref1
investment see also international investment: business ref1; direct foreign investment (DFI) ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; domestic/and deflationary policies ref8; foreign/and interest rates ref9; international financial ref10, ref11; Keynesian theory of ref12; and potential GDP ref13; private/and interest rates ref14
investment demand ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
investment expenditure multiplier ref1
investment income expenditure multipliers ref1, ref2
investment multiplier ref1
investment projects, financing of ref1
investments, leverage of ref1
investor behavior, and financial crises ref1, ref2
investors, rational ref1
invisible foot/feet ref1, ref2, ref3
invisible hand(s) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Japan: banks ref1; capitalism ref2; economic miracle ref3, ref4; industrial development of ref5; industrial policy ref6; owning US debt ref7
Johnson, Lyndon ref1
Jones, Van ref1
justice, economic see economic justice
Keynesian closed economy macro model ref1, ref2, ref3
Keynesian multipliers ref1n.5
Keynesian program, full ref1, ref2, ref3
Keynesian theory of investment ref1
Keynes, J.M.: and demand/production ref1; disequilibrating dynamic ref2; falling out of favour ref3; and free market finance ref4; and Great Depression ref5, ref6; and growth in Scandinavia ref7; and investment behavior ref8; and Say’s law ref9, ref10, ref11; and stagflation ref12
Kicking Away the Ladder ref1
kinship relations ref1
kinship sphere ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Kotlikoff, Laurence & Summers, Lawrence ref1
Krugman, Paul ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Kuttner, Robert ref1
Kyoto Protocol 1997 ref1, ref2
labor: cheap/and exploitation of LDCs ref1; demand for ref2; excess supply of ref3; needed to produce goods ref4; skill of/and increased trade ref5
labor costs, and new technology ref1
labor demand curve ref1
labor force, redundancy of rural third world ref1
labor intensive production process ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
labor intensive technique (LIT) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
labor markets: domestic corn economy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; efficiency gains from ref5, ref6; and inequality ref7, ref8, ref9; and sacrifice ref10; and self-management moving to other-directed labor ref11; tight/loose ref12, ref13
labor theory of value ref1, ref2, ref3
laissez faire ref1
laissez faire capitalism ref1, ref2
land grabs, by elites ref1
land values, and evicted peasants/third world ref1
Latin America ref1
law of demand ref1
law of supply ref1
law of uniform price ref1
Lehman Brothers, collapse of ref1, ref2
lenders, and efficiency gains ref1, ref2
lending: with banks ref1; imperfect/without banks ref2; and social rates of return ref3
less developed countries (LDCs): and climate control treaties ref1; exploitation of ref2; and export/profit-led growth ref3; exports ref4; IMF conditionality agreements with ref5; investment/exploitation in ref6; and multinational companies (MNCs) ref7; productivity of ref8; rising inequality within ref9; and terms of trade ref10; unemployment/wage rates ref11
liberalization, capital ref1, ref2
liberalization of international finance, and global wealth/income inequality ref1
liberalization of international investments ref1
liberal maxim, economic justice ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
liberating theory ref1
Liberating Theory ref1
Liberty Bond Act ref1
living standards, North Atlantic real economies ref1
Living Wage: Building a Fair Economy, The ref1
Living Wage for Workers at American University: A Question of Fairness and Social Responsibility, A ref1
living wages ref1
loans: bail out ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; defaulting on international ref6; to poor countries ref7; poor quality ref8
Locke, John ref1
Looking Backward ref1
low road growth strategy ref1, ref2
Luce, Stephanie ref1
luck: and distribution of productive property ref1; and inequality ref2; and wealth accumulation ref3
macroeconomic perspective, fiscal policy ref1
macroeconomic policy: in closed economy ref1; and employment ref2; equivalent ref3; in an open economy ref4
macroeconomic problems, and microeconomic models ref1
macroeconomics ref1; open economy ref2
macroeconomic stabilization policies ref1
macroeconomic theory, and wage rates/economic growth ref1
macroeconomy, as equal opportunity respondent ref1
macro inefficiencies, and unstable international markets ref1
macro law of supply and demand ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
macro policies, full employment ref1
Maddison, Angus ref1
majority rule, and self-management ref1
Malthus, Thomas Robert ref1
marginal costs (MCs), of reducing emissions ref1
marginalists ref1
marginal private benefits, of car consumption ref1
marginal productivity ref1, ref2
marginal propensity to consume ref1
marginal propensity to import ref1
marginal revenue product, of input ref1
marginal social benefit (MSB) ref1, ref2
marginal social cost (MSC) ref1, ref2
Marin, Peter ref1
market demand, and social benefits of public goods ref1, ref2
market demand curve ref1, ref2
market disequilibria ref1
market economies, emerging/bankruptcy of ref1
market forces ref1
market incentives, perverse ref1 see also peverse incentives
market prices see also prices: for mortgage-based securities ref1; and social/individual activities ref2
market(s): anti-social bias ref1; bubbles ref2, ref3, ref4; coercion in ref5; competitive/non-competitive and inequality ref6; crashes ref7, ref8; currency ref9, ref10, ref11; defined ref12; efficiency of ref13; for emission rights ref14 see also trade in emission rights; fairness of ref15; how do they work? ref16; and human traits ref17; and inequality ref18; as an institution ref19; international credit market ref20, ref21; international/instability of ref22; as socially destructive ref23; for stocks/currency ref24
market socialism ref1
market supply curve, for cars ref1
market supply/demand ref1, ref2
mark to market accounting procedures for evaluating assets ref1
Marxian theory of wage determination ref1
Marxism, and economic sphere ref1
Marx, Karl ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Medicare hospital insurance fund, owning debt ref1
Mellon, Andrew ref1
Mexico ref1
microeconomic models: Climate Control Treaties ref1; and macroeconomic problems ref2; old theory as ref3; Price Of Power Game ref4; Public Good Game ref5; Sraffa Model of Income Distribution and Prices ref6
microeconomic perspective, fiscal policy ref1
micro law of supply and demand ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
military budget ref1
military retirement fund, owning debt ref1
military spending ref1n.9, ref2
Mill, John Stuart ref1
minimum legal reserve requirement ref1, ref2
Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), Japan ref1, ref2
Mishel, Lawrence & Bernstein, Jared ref1
Mobutu Sese Seko ref1
mode of production ref1
modern surplus approach ref1, ref2
Mokyr, Joel ref1
monetary authorities, increasing investment demand ref1
monetary policy(ies) ref1; and aggregate demand ref2, ref3; avoiding inflation ref4; expansionary ref5; and inflation ref6, ref7, ref8; and unemployment ref9, ref10, ref11
monetary stimulus, Federal Reserve Bank ref1
monetary unions ref1
money ref1; and efficiency of real economy ref2
money supply: and aggregate demand ref1; changing of ref2; and equilibrium GDP ref3; and Federal Reserve Bank ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; and government budget ref8; and investment demand ref9; and recessions ref10
Monitoring the World Economy 1820-1992 ref1
monopoly capital theory ref1
Morales, Evo ref1
moral hazard, and federal insurance ref1
more developed countries (MDCs): and climate control treaties ref1; exploiting less developed countries (LDCs) ref2; inequalities within/and trade ref3; and terms of trade ref4
mortgage-backed securities: insurance to buyers of ref1; market prices for ref2
mortgage industry ref1
mortgage loans: and financial crisis ref1; poor credit risks ref2; reselling of ref3
mortgages, sub-prime ref1
multinational companies (MNCs) see also corporations: and buying up of third world business assets ref1, ref2; and direct foreign investment ref3; and exploitation of LDCs ref4; and foreign currencies ref5
multiparty deals, mutually beneficial ref1, ref2
multiplier chain of events ref1, ref2
mutually beneficial multiparty deals ref1, ref2
Nader, Ralph ref1
Nash equilibrium ref1, ref2, ref3
National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform ref1
national debt: myths about ref1; Reagan era ref2
national federation of consumer councils ref1
nationalization, of financial industry ref1
natural capital, precautionary principle ref1
natural environment ref1
natural needs/potentials ref1
natural rate of unemployment ref1, ref2
natural resources, owners of earning rents ref1
need(s): for freedom ref1; of humans ref2; natural/species/derived ref3; payment according to ref4
neighborhood consumers’ council ref1
neighborhood effects ref1
neoclassical economists ref1, ref2
neoclassical growth theories ref1
neoclassical theory ref1
neoliberal capitalism ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
neoliberal economy, low wage ref1
neoliberal globalization ref1, ref2
neoliberals, and privatization ref1
neo-Marxist growth models ref1
net domestic product (NDP) ref1, ref2, ref3
New Deal ref1
new deal, green ref1
new economy ref1
new technology: and capitalists ref1; and competition for profits ref2; cost reducing ref3; and economic efficiency ref4; and employee empowerment ref5; failing to implement ref6, ref7; inefficient choices regarding ref8; and labor costs ref9; and rate of profit ref10, ref11; and social interest ref12; socially productive/counterproductive ref13, ref14, ref15; and wage rates ref16, ref17, ref18; and wages/profits/prices ref19
Nixon, Richard ref1
non-Annex-1 countries ref1
non-labor primary inputs, replacement of ref1n.10
North Atlantic real economies, stagnation of ref1
northern countries, gaining from trade ref1
Northwest Economic Research Center ref1
Obama administration: bail out of of Wall Street ref1; debt/GDP ratio ref2; and environment ref3; and financial crisis ref4; and fiscal stimulation/deficit reduction ref5, ref6; healthcare ref7; reducing benefits ref8; taxpayer bailout of banks ref9; Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) ref10, ref11
Obamacare ref1
Occupy Wall Street ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Ohio Public Interest Campaign ref1
Ohlin, Bertil ref1
Okun’s law ref1
Ollman, Bertell ref1
On Liberty ref1
“open” bond market, treasury bonds ref1
open economy: macroeconomics ref1, ref2; model ref3
open market operations, Federal Reserve Bank ref1
opportunity costs: differing between countries ref1; and mutually beneficial trade ref2; of production ref3, ref4
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ref1
outcomes: under autarky ref1; and credit/labor markets ref2; Pareto optimal ref3; and social relationships ref4; under three international economic regimes ref5; unjust/exploitative ref6, ref7
output: and capacity utilization ref1; and unemployment ref2
owners of land/machines, as parasites ref1
owners of natural resources, earning rents ref1
pain/gain ref1n.4
panic, and depositors ref1
Panic Rules ref1
Panic Rules! Everything You Need to Know About the Global Economy ref1, ref2
panics, bank ref1
parasites, and producers ref1
Pareto improvement ref1
Pareto optimality, and efficiency ref1
Pareto principle, and efficiency criterion ref1, ref2
Park, Walter & Brat, David ref1
participation, weakening of ref1
participatory economics ref1
participatory economies ref1, ref2
participatory planning ref1, ref2, ref3
Partnoy, Frank ref1n.4
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 2010 ref1
patriarchal husbands ref1
patriarchy, gender relations ref1
Paulson, Henry “Hank,” Jr. ref1, ref2, ref3
payment see also wages: according to effort ref1; according to need ref2; and personal contribution ref3; and personal sacrifice ref4
payoff matrix ref1
peasants, plight of ref1
people, and society ref1
performance, evaluating ref1
Perot, Ross ref1
personal contribution: and genetics ref1; and payment ref2
personal sacrifice, and payment ref1
perverse incentives ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
pie principle ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Pigou, A.C. ref1
Plan, Général du ref1
planet, as a sink ref1
planning: central ref1; democratic ref2; indicative ref3, ref4; participatory ref5, ref6, ref7; by semi-autonomous municipal assemblies ref8
policy(ies) see also macroeconomic policy: anti-trust ref1; and class war ref2; deflationary ref3, ref4, ref5; equivalent macroeconomic ref6; evaluating ref7; expansionary ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11n.7; fiscal ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17; full employment macro policies ref18; IMF ref19; industrial ref20, ref21, ref22; and inflation and unemployment ref23; monetary see monetary policy(ies); opposition to expansionary ref24; stabilization ref25, ref26; stabilization/Sweden ref27
political democracy: and authoritarian economies ref1; and economic democracy ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; and free enterprise ref6; lack of ref7; in US ref8, ref9
political economists: from Global South ref1; and international investment ref2; third world/and unequal trade ref3
political economy growth model ref1
political freedom: and economic freedom ref1, ref2; and private enterprise ref3
political power: US financial industry ref1; and wealth ref2
political sphere ref1
Pollin, Robert ref1
pollution reduction, public goods ref1
pollution tax ref1, ref2, ref3
Ponzi schemes ref1
poor people: and credit markets ref1; disenfranchisment of ref2
Portugal ref1
potential GDP ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
power: of buyers/sellers ref1; corporate ref2, ref3, ref4; economic ref5, ref6, ref7; patriarchal ref8, ref9
power relations: amongst classes ref1, ref2; international communities ref3; and prices ref4; and unemployment ref5; workers/employers/resourse owners ref6
precautionary principle: and intergenerational equity ref1; natural capital ref2
preference development/fulfillment, and economic choices ref1
preferences: of consumers ref1; endogenous/and efficiency ref2; people’s/and economic institutions ref3
presidential campaigns, financing of ref1
price equations, for the economy ref1
price of power, efficiency loss ref1
Price Of Power Game ref1, ref2; conflict theory of the firm ref3; price of patriarchy ref4; transformed ref5
price(s): and capitalism ref1; changes as signals ref2; currency prices ref3, ref4; determination of ref5; equilibrium price ref6, ref7, ref8; inaccurate/misidentifying comparative advantage ref9; and new technology ref10; and power relations ref11; relative/in capitalist economy ref12; spikes/crashes/LDCs ref13
price signals ref1, ref2, ref3
primary inputs, replacement of non-labor ref1n.10
printing press option ref1
private consumption ref1, ref2
private enterprise: and distribution of wealth ref1; and economic freedom ref2; efficiency ref3; and inequality ref4; and political freedom ref5; poor results of ref6
private goods, preferences for ref1
private investment, and interest rates ref1
private public partnerships, taxpayer subsidies as ref1
privatization ref1, ref2, ref3
producer cooperatives ref1
producers, and parasites ref1
producer sovereignty ref1
production see also capital intensive production process; factors of production; labor intensive production process: and aggregate demand ref1; and austerity programs ref2; and capacity utilization ref3; capital intensive/labor intensive ref4; capital intensive production process ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13; and deflationary policies ref14; in developing countries/and international credit ref15; and expansionary policies ref16n.7; opportunity costs of ref17, ref18; in recession ref19; social cost of ref20, ref21; social effects of ref22; social/private costs of ref23, ref24, ref25; by workers’ councils ref26
production externality ref1
Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities ref1
production sector, inefficiency ref1
production technologies, and throughput ref1
productive property ownership, and economic justice ref1
productive resources: misallocation of ref1; and public goods ref2
productivity: in Eurozone ref1; labor/and real wages ref2; of less developed countries (LDCs) ref3; marginal ref4, ref5; per hour/rising ref6; and stagnating wages ref7
profit-increasing/reducing effects, of discrimination ref1
profit-led growth strategy ref1, ref2, ref3
profit push inflation ref1
profits ref1; of banks ref2; and capacity utilization ref3; competition for/and new technologies ref4; corporate profit rates ref5, ref6; determination of ref7; and economic discrimination ref8, ref9; and Great Recession ref10; and new technology ref11, ref12; and wage rates/capitalist economies ref13
progressive taxation ref1, ref2
propertied, dictatorship of ref1
property is theft ref1
property rights system ref1
proportional taxation ref1
psychological factors, and demand conditions ref1
public credit systems ref1
public deposit insurance ref1
public education ref1
public enterprises, privatization of ref1
Public Good Game ref1
public goods: benefit from ref1, ref2; and external effects ref3; market demand and marginal social benefit of ref1, ref2; pollution reduction ref3; and productive resources ref4; social benefits of ref5, ref6; socially efficient level of ref7; underproduction of ref8
public ownership ref1
Putnam, Robert ref1
quantitative easing ref1, ref2
Quebec, student protests ref1
racial minorities, and community institutions ref1
radical maxim, economic justice ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
rating agencies, and Wall Street banks ref1
rational depositors ref1
rational expectation macroeconomics ref1n.4
rational investors ref1
raw materials, and exploitation of LDCs ref1
Reagan administration ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
real economy(ies): and credit system ref1, ref2; and financial economies ref3; and market disequilibria ref4
recessions see also Great Recession: and aggregate demand ref1; and austerity programs ref2, ref3 see also austerity programs; curing themselves ref4; and employers ref5; European government’s response to ref6; and falling production/employment ref7; and money supply ref8; and national debt ref9
redistributive consequences, of inflation ref1
reforms: financial ref1, ref2; healthcare ref3; and industrial policy ref4; international financial ref5
regressive taxation ref1, ref2, ref3
regulation: of banking industry ref1, ref2; of credit default swaps ref3; financial ref4, ref5, ref6; global financial system ref7; government/of banks ref8; insurance industry ref9; international capital flows ref10; of mortgage/banking/financial/insurance industries ref11
relationships: employer–employee ref1; social ref2, ref3, ref4
religious minorities, and community institutions ref1
rent, determination of ref1
rent seeking behavior ref1, ref2
rents, owners of natural resources earning ref1
reproductive sphere ref1, ref2
reserve requirement, minimum legal ref1
Resolution Trust Corporation ref1
resources, misallocation of ref1
respect: for others ref1; search for ref2
retained earnings ref1
reverse auction, of toxic assets ref1
Ricardo, David ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
rights: emission ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; employer/employee ref8
risk, hiding of/securitization departments ref1, ref2
Robinson, Joan ref1
Rockefeller grandson problem ref1
rollover, of debt ref1
ruling class, and class war ref1
sacrifice: and inequality ref1, ref2; and labor/credit markets ref3; personal/and payment ref4
safety net: dismantling ref1; reducing/and fear ref2; safe ref3; Scandinavia ref4, ref5
satisfaction, of buyers/sellers ref1
Savings and Loan Crisis 1980s ref1, ref2, ref3
Sawicky et al. ref1
Say’s Law, fallacy of ref1
schools, ghetto ref1
Scorecard on Globalization 1980–2000: Twenty Years of Diminished Progress ref1
sectoral imbalances, and disequilibria/inefficiency ref1
securitization departments, Wall Street banks ref1, ref2
securitized debt instruments ref1
self-conscious agents, people as ref1, ref2
self-creative, humans as ref1, ref2, ref3
self-management ref1; economic ref2, ref3; and the economy ref4; falling levels of ref5; and individual freedom ref6, ref7; preferences for ref8; and property rights system ref9; shifting to alienated labor ref10, ref11, ref12; of work ref13, ref14
self-serving class interest ref1
sellers: and inflation ref1; power of ref2; rent seeking at expense of ref3; satisfaction of ref4
semi-autonomous municipal assemblies, planning by ref1
sequestration ref1
Sharpe, M.E. ref1
short-run imbalances between sectors, and industrial policy ref1
simple Keynesian macro model ref1
Simpson, Alan ref1
Singapore ref1
single-payer healthcare ref1
Smith, Adam ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
sociability, human ref1
social activity, spheres of ref1
social benefits ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
social consumption ref1
social costs: Adam Smith ref1; of agricultural production in US ref2; of gallon of gas ref3; of international transportation ref4n.3; of making cars ref5; and participation in activities ref6; of production ref7, ref8
social democratic capitalism ref1
social effects, of production/consumption ref1
social fabric, thinning of ref1
social inefficency, of new technology ref1
social institutions ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
social interest: and capitalists ref1; and new technology ref2
socialism, market ref1
social life, four spheres of ref1, ref2
socially efficient level of output, of goods ref1
socially productive/counterproductive, new technology ref1, ref2
social relationships ref1, ref2, ref3
social safety net see safety net
Social Security, privatization of ref1
Social Security trust funds, owning debt ref1
social species, humans as ref1
social stability, and social change ref1
social welfare programs, opposition to ref1
society(ies): and people ref1; stabilizing/destabilizing forces ref2, ref3
socio-technology matrix ref1n.12
South Africa ref1
southern exports/imports, and terms of trade ref1
South Korea ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Soviet Union ref1
specialization ref1, ref2, ref3
species nature, and denial of self-management opportunities ref1
species needs/potentials ref1, ref2
species rights, self-management as ref1
spending: government ref1, ref2, ref3; military ref4n.9, ref5
Sraffa Model of Income Distribution and Prices ref1, ref2, ref3
Sraffa, Piero ref1
stabilization policies ref1, ref2
stagflation ref1
state governments, and loss of federal grants ref1
state taxation, sales/local property taxes ref1
status quo, elites preserving ref1
steady state economy ref1
stock bonds ref1
stocks, markets for ref1
strength, physical/and unfair advantage ref1
strong sustainability ref1
structural adjustment agreements, IMF ref1
structural unemployment ref1, ref2
student protests ref1
sub-prime mortgages, and financial crisis ref1
subsidized loans, to poor countries/as carrot ref1
Summers, Laurence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
superpowers ref1
supply: aggregate supply see aggregate supply; barter exchange economy ref1; currencies ref2, ref3; elasticity of ref4; excess/of labor ref5; excess supply ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12; law of supply/demand ref13; macro law of supply and demand ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18; micro law of supply and demand ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25; money/and Federal Reserve Bank ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29; and unemployment ref30
surplus: division of/Sraffa model ref1; production of ref2; trade ref3
surplus approach ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
sustainability ref1
sustainable development, defining ref1, ref2
tapering ref1
taxation: and aggregate demand ref1; of bads/goods ref2; benefiting the rich ref3, ref4; and budget deficits ref5; and debt interest payments ref6; federal ref7; and fiscal policy ref8, ref9; and Japan’s industrial progress ref10; loopholes/preferences ref11; lowering business ref12; pollution ref13, ref14, ref15; proportional/progressive ref16, ref17; and public goods ref18; reform/and economic justice ref19; regressive taxation ref20, ref21, ref22; revenues/and austerity programs ref23; state ref24; tax breaks/foreign investors ref25; tax incidence ref26; on wealth ref27
taxpayer bail out of banks ref1
taxpayers, and savings and loans crisis ref1
taxpayer subsidies, as private public partnerships ref1
technical change, in Sraffa Model ref1
technology: in capitalism ref1, ref2, ref3; and capitalist economies ref4; failing to implement new ref5, ref6; implementation of new/and competition ref7, ref8
Thatcher government, UK ref1
Thatcher, Margaret ref1
third world agriculture, and globalization ref1
third world countries, environmental standards ref1 see also less developed countries (LDCs)
thrift institutions, insolvency of ref1
Thurow, Lester ref1
total costs (TCs), of reducing emissions ref1
trade: and absolute/competitive advantage ref1; benefiting northern countries ref2; decreasing global efficiency ref3; deficit ref4, ref5, ref6; distributive effects of ref7, ref8; in emission rights ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15; false trading ref16; feasible terms of ref17, ref18; free trade ref19; and global inequality ref20, ref21; imbalances/Eurozone ref22; increased/and increased demand for capital ref23; increased/and wage inequality ref24; increasing global efficiency ref25; and inequality ref26; international ref27n.19, ref1, ref2; liberalization/critics of ref3; mutually beneficial ref4; and net demand for currency ref5; and skilled/unskilled labor ref6; surplus/deficits ref7, ref8; terms of ref9, ref10; unequal ref11; unfair distribution of costs/benefits within countries ref12
trade treaties, and efficiency losses ref1
trade unions, and wage costs ref1
training, and personal contribution ref1
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) ref1
transaction costs ref1, ref2, ref3
treasury auctions ref1
treasury bonds ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Treasury Department ref1
Triple A rated mortgage-based securities ref1, ref2
Troika, the ref1
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) ref1, ref2
trust, weakening of ref1
Twentieth Century Fund ref1
Uncut movement ref1
uneconomic growth ref1
unemployment: advanced economies ref1; and austerity programs ref2, ref3; benefitting employers ref4; cyclical/structural/frictional ref5; and deflationary policies ref6; effects of ref7; Europe ref8; Eurozone ref9, ref10, ref11; and excess supply ref12; and falling wages ref13; and fiscal policy ref14; and fiscal stimulus ref15; frictional/US ref16; during Great Depression ref17; and Great Recession ref18, ref19, ref20; Greece ref21, ref22; and high road growth strategies ref23; and inflation ref24; less developed countries (LDCs) ref25; and living wages ref26; and minimum wage laws ref27; and minority groups ref28; and monetary policies ref29, ref30, ref31; natural rate of ref32, ref33; North Atlantic real economies ref34; opposition to policies to reduce ref35; and output ref36; and policy intervention ref37; and power relations ref38; and rise in the minimum wage ref39; structural ref40, ref41; and supply ref42; United States ref43; and the wealthy ref44; women ref45
unemployment gap: calculating ref1, ref2; and fiscal policy ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
unfair advantage: and inequality ref1; and physical strength ref2; and wealth accumulation ref3
uniform price, law of ref1
union shops, and capitalism ref1
United for a Fair Economy ref1
United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development see Brundtland Commission
United States: declining influence in Latin America ref1; frictional unemployment ref2; gini coefficient for ref3; healthcare system ref4; housing market ref5; inequality in ref6, ref7, ref8; inflation ref9, ref10; interest payments on debt ref11; kinship sphere ref12; opposition to stabilization policies ref13; political democracy in ref14; rising inequality ref15; social fabric of ref16; as superpower ref17; unemployment ref18; wealth in ref19
upper-income groups, increasing income of ref1 see also elites
US Civil Rights Act ref1
US Department of the Treasury, and deregulation ref1
US dollars, as international reserve currency ref1
US Treasury purchases, of toxic assets ref1
utopian socialist traditions ref1
value judgements, and efficiency criterion ref1, ref2
value, labor theory of ref1, ref2, ref3
values, of currencies ref1, ref2
vicious cycle of specialization ref1
virtuous long run development strategy ref1
Volker-rule ref1
voucher system, education ref1, ref2
wage costs, and trade unions ref1
wage determination, Marxian theory of ref1
wage differentials, and increased trade ref1
wage discrimination, gender-based ref1
wage inequality, and increased trade ref1
wage-led growth ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
wage-price spiral ref1
wage push inflation ref1
wage rates: and aggregate demand ref1; under autarky ref2; and capacity utilization ref3; in capitalist economies ref4, ref5, ref6; and characteristics of employees ref7; determination of ref8; and direct foreign investment ref9; and employers/employees ref10; female wage gap ref11; and labor productivity ref12; less developed countries (LDCs) ref13; and macroeconomic theory ref14; and new technology ref15, ref16, ref17; and profits/capitalist economies ref18; and unemployment ref19
wages: and capital accumulation ref1; and corporate power ref2; depression of/and actual GDP ref3; determination of ref4; equilibrium wage ref5, ref6, ref7; falling ref8, ref9; and Great Recession ref10, ref11; and growth ref12; living ref13; minimum wage ref14, ref15; and new technology ref16; real world capitalism/inequity in ref17; and rising productivity ref18; stagnant ref19, ref20; and tight labor markets ref21; and unemployment ref22; wage slavery ref23
Wall Street banks: and breakdown of credit system ref1; buying mortgage loans ref2; and financial crisis ref3; government underwriting of ref4; and rating agencies ref5; securitization departments ref6, ref7; and toxic assets ref8
weak sustainability ref1
wealth: accumulation ref1; distribution/and private enterprise ref2; of households ref3; inequality ref4, ref5, ref6; inherited ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12; and political power ref13; tax on ref14; in US ref15
Wealth of Nations, The ref1, ref2
webs of connection, and human sociality ref1
welfare, effects of cutting ref1
welfare reforms, rolling back of ref1
welfare systems, and employment ref1
“What Markets Can and Cannot Do” ref1
Wider Opportunities for Women ref1
Wolff, Edward ref1
women, and unemployment ref1
work: alienation of ref1; balanced for desirability/empowerment ref2; in capitalism ref3; self-management of ref4, ref5
worker cooperatives ref1, ref2
worker councils ref1
worker empowerment ref1
workers’ councils, production by ref1
workers, third world/and DFI ref1
work force: and lack of self-management ref1; and tight labor markets ref2
working conditions, and tight labor markets ref1
World Bank ref1
World Trade Organization ref1
Wright, Jim ref1
Yugoslavia ref1
Zaire ref1
zero sum games ref1