Arrowpoints Spearheads and Knives of Prehistoric

¹ Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, XXIII, p. 269.

² Book VII, 71.

¹ Bulletin, Essex Institute, XVII, October to December, 1885, pp. 145–198.

¹ Iliad, Book IV, 105–126.

² Odyssey, Book XXI, 04.

¹ Earl Derby’s translation, London, 1867.

¹ Revue Archæologique, Paris, February, 1867.

² Book VII, 61–80.

³ Book IV, 81.

⁴ Sir John Evans, Ancient Stone Implements, p. 329.

¹ E. Chantre, Recherches Anthropologiques dans le Caucase; J. de Morgan, Premiers âges des Metaux dans l’Arménie Russe, Paris, 1889; J. Mourier, L’Archæologie au Caucase, Paris, 1887.

² Les premiers âges des Métaux dans l’Arménie Russe, pp. 89–101.

¹ Descriptions and figures of these are given in the author’s paper on Prehistoric Art, contained in the report of the U. S. National Museum for 1896, pls. 34–37, figs. 95–99.

¹ Journey in Scotland, I, p. 115.

¹ Museum Wormianum, A. D. 1655, pp. 39, 85.

² Stevens, Flint Chips, pp. 87, 88.

¹ Stevens, Flint Chips, p. 89.

² Evans, Ancient Stone Implements, p. 116; Mémoire concernant I’llistoire des Chinois par les Missionnaires de Pékin, IV, 1776, p. 174; VI, p. 467.

³ Mortillet, Matériaux, II, p. 212; Evans, Ancient Stone Implements, p. 118.

⁴ Ancient Stone Implements, p. 328.

⁵ Musaei Metallici, Book IV, chap. 17, p. 604.

⁶ Naturalis Historia, Book XXXVII, chap. 10.

⁷ London, 1618.

¹ Ancient Stone Implements, p. 329.

² Report U. S. National Museum, 1888, p. 280.

¹ Smithsonian Report, 1886, p. 289.

² Smithsonian Contributions, No. 220, p. 48.

³ Report U. S. National Museum, 1888, p. 286.

¹ American Anthropologist, III, p. 55.

² Idem, III, p. 62; IV. p. 73.

³ Idem, III, p. 62.

¹ American Anthropologist, III, p. 62.

¹ La France prehistorique, p. 138, figs. 50–52.

² Idem, p. 139.

³ L’Anthropologie, II, 1891, p. 445.

¹ Ancient Stone Implements, p. 14; Flint Chips, p. 578.

¹ Evans, Ancient Stone Implements, p. 18; Stevens, Flint Chips, p. 578; Rees’s Encyclopedia, article “Gunflints,” and Skertchly, Manufacture of Gunflints.

² Article “Gunflints.”

¹ Transactions of the Ethnological Society, 1870, p. 437.

² Early Man in Britain, p. 279.

³ Archæologia, XLII, pp. 44, 54.

¹ Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, VII, 1877–78, p. 413.

¹ Article “Flint.”

² Le Préhistorique Antiquité de l’Homme, p. 490.

¹ Similar to fig. 223, Evans, Ancient Stone Implements.

² Smithsonian Report, 1884, pp. 856, 857.

¹ Smithsonian Report, 1884, p. 857.

¹ Smithsonian Report, 1884, p. 864.

¹ Manual of Geology, 1876, p. 52. Manual of Mineralogy and Lithology, 1886, p. 234.

¹ Article “Flint.”

² The attention of the student of this and related subjects is directed to some of the standard works: Nillson, “The Stone Age,” 1843–1867; Stevens, “Flint Chips,” 1870; Evans, “Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain,” 1872, 1899; S. J. Mackie, “Geologist,” 1861, IV, pp. 26–29; T. McKenny Hughes, Proceedings Soc. Antiq., London, 2d ser., IV, p. 94; Geological and Natural History Repertory, II, May 1, 1868, No. 34, p. 126; S. J. Mackie, idem., Ill, p. 205, T. Baines, idem., pp. 258–262; T. McKenny Hughes, British Association, 1872, p. 189;. Henry Christy, Trans. Ethnol. Soc, new ser., III, 1865, p. 362; Reliquiæ Aquitanicæ, Pt. 1, pp. 202–205.

¹ Manual of Mineralogy and Lithology, 1886, p. 237.

² Geology of the Fourth District of New York, Pt. IV, 1843.

¹ Manual of Geology, 1876, pp. 257 and 455.

¹ Specimen fig. 1, on Plate 16 (flint from Brandon), is modern. All others are prehistoric, at least ancient, specimens.

¹ Mineralogical descriptions by Dr. G. P. Merrill, U. S. National Museum.

¹ The American Anthropologist, IV, pp. 45–74.

¹ Mineralogical descriptions by Dr. G. P. Merrill, U. S. National Museum.

¹ Report of International Congress, American Naturalist, XXV, November, 1891, p. 1032.

¹ Proceedings, XVI, p. 65, pl. I.

² The Stone Age of Scandinavia, p. 7.

¹ Clark’s Work; Squier and Davis, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, No. 1, p. 26, pl. x.

² October, 1897, p. 255, fig. xlvii; November, 1897, p. 291, figs. 1, liv, lv.

¹ American Anthropologist, IV, pp. 301–12, 1891.

² Charles Rau, Archæol. Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 95, fig. 340.

³ Kay Collection, Smithsonian Report, 1886, pl. xxi, figs. 92, 96.

¹ Ancient Stone Implements, p. 367.

² L’Homme Prehistorique, p. 517.

³ Ancient Stone Implements, pp. 367–371.

¹ Page 287, fig. 226.

² Prehistoric Times, 4th ed., p. 513, figs. 214–216.

³ Ancient Stone Implements, p. 268, fig. 203.

⁴ Report U. S. National Museum, 1889, pp. 553–589, pls. LXI-XCIII.

⁵ Robert Munro, Prehistoric Problems, 1897, p. 329, figs. 117, 118.

¹ Archiv, für Anthropologie, IX, p. 249.

² Central Eskimo, Sixth Ann. Kept. Bur. Ethnol., 1884–85, p. 525, fig. 474.

³ Boyd Dawkins, Early Man in Britain, p. 238, fig. 92.

¹ Report U. S. National Museum, 1895, p. 765, pls. 7, 8.

² Otis T. Mason, North American Bows, Arrows, and Quivers, Smithsonian Report, 1893, pl. xxxix, fig. 1.

¹ Ancient Stone Implements of Great Britain, pp. 328–364.

² Primitive Warfare, Jour. R. U. Service Inst.

³ Catalogue of Antiquities, Royal Irish Acad., pp. 19, 21, 23.

⁴ American Naturalist, XI, p. 265.

¹ Primitive Industry.

¹ Antiquities of Tennessee, pp. 219–252, pls. xi, xiva.

¹ Smithsonian Report, 1882, p. 696, fig. 11.

¹ Volume II, Plate XXXIX, No. 15, from which it is reproduced in Evans’s Ancient Stone Implements, p. 364, fig. 343.

¹ Smithsonian Report, 1877, p. 291.

¹ See also Popular Science Monthly, XXII, 1883, p. 315.

¹ Prehistoric Times, p. 503, fig. 218.

¹ Anthropological Review, VII, 1869, p. lxxi.

¹ Cases are cited in the works on arrow wounds where the arrowpoint, having entered the body, the forcible withdrawal of the shaft has left the head or pile in the body. Many such cases have been observed by the surgeons of the Army and reported to the Surgeon-General’s Office, while the remains themselves have been sent to and are now to be seen in the Army Medical Museum.

¹ Ancient Stone Implements, p. 343, fig. 318.

² Musée Préhistorique, pl. XLIII, fig. 373.

¹ Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1884–85, pp. 33, 34.

¹ Bulletins de la Société d’Anthropologie, 1890, p. 959.

¹ Bulletin de la Société d’Anthropologie, Bruxelles, VIII, 1889–90, pp. 176–188.

¹ Page 437, pl. 21.

² Sir John Evans, Ancient Stone Implements, pp. 350, 351, figs. 336–339.

¹ Montelius, Civilization of Sweden in Heathen Times, p. 25, fig. 25.

² Sir W. Wilde, Catalogue of the Royal Irish Academy, I, p. 10; p. 254, fig. 163.

³ Plate XLI.

¹ North American Bows, Arrows, and Quivers, Smithsonian Report, 1893, p. 654.

¹ Thomas Wilson, Prehistoric Art, frontispiece and pl. 31.

² Page 946, fig. 192.

³ The Coptic tapestries were buried in the Egyptian sands in the first to seventh centuries A. D. They have been found in this century in fairly good condition.

⁴ Smithsonian Report, 1886, p. 222.

¹ Archæological Collection of the U. S. National Museum, p. 2, fig. 1.

² George M. Wheeler, United States Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, VII, 1879, Archæology, p. 59.

¹ George M. Wheeler, United States Geographical Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, VII, 1879, Archæology, pl. I.

² Eighteenth and Nineteenth Annual Reports of the Peabody Museum, 1886, p. 157.

³ De Mortillet, Musée Préhistorique, pl. XLVIII.

⁴ Idem., pl. LII, fig. 487.

¹ The Ulu, or Woman’s Knife, or the Eskimo. Report U. S. National Museum, 1890, pp. 411–117.

¹ Homer, Iliad, Book XI.

² Sextus, Advers. Math., Book 1, chap. 2.

³ Andrea della Croce, Book 7, p. 173, Venice, 1574.

⁴ De Medicina, Book VII, chap. V.

⁵ De re Medica. Book VI, chap. 88.

¹ Broca, Les Ossements des Eyzies, Paris, 1868.

² Lartet and Chaplain-Duparc, Une Sépulture des Anciens Troglodytes des Pyrénées.

¹ Students desirous of pursuing the subject are referred to Cartailhac’s La France Préhistorique, p. 124, figs. 124, 125; L’Anthropologie, VII, 3, 1896, pp. 312, 313, figs. 3, 4; G. de Mortillet, Materiaux, etc., 1877, VIII, p. 164, and others therein mentioned.

¹ See p. 871.

² Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 644.

³ American Antiquarian, 1880, III, p. 57.

⁴ C. C. Abbott, Report Peabody Museum, XII, 1880, pp. 508–515.

¹ Elmer R. Reynolds and F. W. Putnam, Report Peabody Museum, XII, pp. 475, 526–535.

² T. R. Peale, Smithsonian Report, 1872, pp. 430–432.

³ S. V. Proudfit, American Anthropologist, II, pp. 241–246.

⁴ Louis A. Kengla, 1883.

⁵ American Anthropologist, January, 1890, III, p. 1; Fifteenth Annual Report Bureau of Ethnology, 1893–94, pp. 33–66; and American Naturalist, XXX, December, 1896, pp. 874–885; No. 360, December, 1896, pp. 976–992.

⁶ Charles C. Jones, jr., Smithsonian Report, 1879, pp. 378, 379.

¹ R. Steiner, private letters.

² T. S. Walker, Smithsonian Report, 1879, p. 394.

³ W. M. Garrett, Smithsonian Report, 1879, p. 443.

¹ William Gesner, Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 617.

² Charles M. Smith, Smithsonian Report, 1884, p. 853.

³ American Journal of Science and Arts, XXV, p. 226.

⁴ Haywood, Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, p. 352.

⁵ E. B. Andrews, Report Peabody Museum, X, pp. 53, 54.

¹ Proceedings, American Association for the Advancement of Science, XXIX, 1880, p. 730. Boston.

² George W. Homsher, Smithsonian Report, 1882, pp. 730–749.

³ Idem., pp. 728–749.

⁴ Idem., pp. 737–749.

⁵ F. M. Farrell, Smithsonian Report, 1881, pp. 584–586.

¹ George A. Dorsey, Report of Field Columbian Museuem, June, 1899.

² E. F. Serviss, Smithsonian Reports, 1879, p. 433; 1881, p. 528.

³ J. D. Mitchell, Victoria, Texas, letter of June 24, 1894.

⁴ W. H. Holmes, American Anthropologist, October, 1891, p. 313.

⁵ W. P. Jenney, American Anthropologist, October, 1891, p. 316.

⁶ Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Arkansas, 1890.

⁷ London, Vol. L, Pt. 3, No. 199.

¹ A. Jones, Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 542.

² Antiquities of Wisconsin, p. 6.

³ Report, Field Columbian Museum, June, 1899.

¹ Wilbur C. Knight, Science, new ser., VII, March 4, 1898.

¹ George L. Cannon, Smithsonian Report, 1877, p. 237.

² George Patterson, Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 675.

¹ See p. 871.

² E. P. Richardson, Smithsonian Report, 1879, p. 447.

³ J. H. Temple, Smithsonian Report, 1879, p. 448.

⁴ E. W. Ellsworth, Smithsonian Reports, 1881, pp. 661, 662; 1879, p. 447.

⁵ Edwin M. Shepard, Smithsonian Report, 1877, pp. 306, 307.

⁶ James Sheward, Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 644.

¹ Frank M. Edwards, American Archæologist, August, 1898, p. 221.

² American Antiquarian, III, p. 57.

³ W. M. Beauchamp, Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 649.

⁴ Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, October 27, 1863, p. 278.

¹ Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 565.

¹ What rite or ceremony does this indicate, or what kind of Indian medicine does it represent? T. W.

² Smithsonian Report, 1879, p. 381.

³ Philadelphia, 1898, pp. 189–191.

⁴ A. E. Douglas, Proceedings American Association for the Advancement of Science XXI, 1872.

⁵ Frank Burns, Smithsonian Report, 1882, p. 826.

⁶ James D. Middleton in Cyrus Thomas’s Catalogue, p. 99.

⁷ Gerard Fowke, Thomas’s Catalogue.

¹ J. P. Jones, J. F. Snyder, Smithsonian Report, 1876, p. 435.

² Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, pp. 158–214, pl. X.

¹ Primitive Man in Ohio, p. 189.

² M. C. Read, American Antiquarian, I, 1879, p. 98.

³ Idem.

⁴ George W. Hill, Smithsonian Report, 1874, p. 364.

⁵ Cyrus Thomas’s Catalogue, p. 167.

⁶ H. B. Case, Smithsonian Report, 1877, p. 267.

¹ Thomas’s Catalogue, p. 171.

² S. H. Binkley, American. Antiquarian, III, 1881, p. 144.

³ Edgar R. Quick, Smithsonian Report, 1879, p. 373.

⁴ Page 436.

⁵ H. F. Sibley, Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 589.

⁶ J. F. Snyder, Smithsonian Report, 1876, p. 434.

¹ J. F. Snyder, Smithsonian Report, 1876, p. 437.

² James Shaw, Smithsonian Report, 1877, pp. 256, 257.

¹ J. F. Snyder, Smithsonian Report, 1881, pp. 564–568.

¹ J. F. Snyder, Smithsonian Report, 1876, pp. 438, 439.

² Foster’s Prehistoric Races of the United States of America, p. 209.

³ George Trauman, Smithsonian Report, 1879, p. 435.

⁴ Cyrus Thomas’s Catalogue, p. 63.

⁵ J. F. Snyder, Smithsonian Report, 1876, p. 434.

⁶ Charles Rau, Smithsonian Report, 1868, pp. 402, 403.

⁷ Idem, 1872, p. 402.

¹ Proceedings, XLII, 1893, p. 300. Madison, Wisconsin.

² Dr. Hoy, I. A. Lapham, Antiquities of Wisconsin, p. 8.

¹ Stone Age of Oregon, Smithsonian Report, 1886, p. 289.

¹ Primitive Industry, p. 248.

¹ See p. 884.

² Last Rambles amongst the Indians, pp. 187–90.

¹ Flint Chips, pp. 83, 84.

² Transactions of the American Ethnological Society, new ser., 1, Pt. 2,1861, p. 138.

³ North American Indian Tribes, III, p. 467.

¹ Stevens, Flint Chips, pp. 77, 78.

² Idem., p. 78.

³ Sixth Voyage, 1606.

¹ Monarquia Indiana, Seville, 1615.

² Anahuac, p. 331.