Index
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. AdT stands for Alexis de Tocqueville, and square brackets indicate AdT’s spelling preferences.
Abd el-Kader (Algerian emir), 279, 300
Abdul Medjid (Ottoman sultan), 179, 182, 292–93; biographical note, 271
absolute power, AdT on, 267–68
Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, xxxviii, 48n12, 277, 294, 303, 313, 318
Académie française, xxvii, xxxviii, 8, 48n12, 298, 302, 318
Adams, John, 304
Adelsward, Rheinhold Oscar, baron d’, 85; biographical note, 271
Algeria, AdT in, xvi, xxxviii, 316, 321
Almanac and Meteorological Calendar (Raspail, 1874), 318
America. See Democracy in America (AdT, 1835/1840); United States
Ampère, Jean-Jacques, xviii, 48–49, 307; biographical note, 272
Ancien Régime, AdT on, 4, 6, 12–13, 47, 73, 143, 267
Ancien Régime and the Revolution, The (AdT, 1856), xiv, xviii, xxix, xxxi, xxxv–xxxvi, xl, 275, 293, 295, 313
Andryane, Alexandre-Philippe, 41, 314; biographical note, 272
Anne of Austria, 319
Arago, Étienne, 186; biographical note, 272
Aristotle, 95
assembly, freedom of. See freedom of assembly
Atala (Chateaubriand, 1801), 283
Atelier, L’(periodical), 285
Austria, during foreign ministry of AdT, 165–67, 171–80, 182, 183
Avenir, L’ (newspaper), 297, 298, 300, 308
Babeuf, François-Noël (known as Gracchus), 236n27, 241; biographical note, 272–73
banquet movement, xiii, 14–20, 65–66, 187–88
Barbès, Armand, 85–88, 89, 277, 297, 318; biographical note, 273
Baroche, Jules, 202, 254; biographical note, 273
Barras, Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, vicomte de, 123; biographical note, 273–74
Barrot, Ferdinand, 187; biographical note, 274
Barrot, Odilon: banquet movement and, 15, 19, 20, 188; biographical note, 274; Broglie and, 278; in Constituent Assembly, 80; constitutional commission and, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129; coup of 1851 and, 206, 291; Daumier’s illustration of (1849), 140; Falloux and, 199; Feb. 23–24, 1848, events of, 26, 29, 34–37, 42, 185–87, 189, 190; formation of new government by, xxi, xxxix, 134, 137, 139; jailed after 1851 coup, 291; as leader of dynastic opposition to July Monarchy, xxi, 15; Mauguin and, 306; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 195, 196; Portalis and, 316; republican government and, 144; Roman affair and, 148, 151; Thiers and, xxi, 15, 26, 29. See also cabinet of Barrot
Bastide, Jules, 105–6, 287; biographical note, 274; Daumier’s illustration of (1849), 105
Baude, Jean-Jacques, 327
Baudelaire, Charles, 307
Beaufort (owner and printer of opposition newspaper), 208, 271
Beaumarchais, Pierre-Auguste Caron de, 287
Beaumont, Clémentine de, 24–25; biographical note, 274
Beaumont, Gustave de: in America with AdT, xiii, xxix, xxxviii; banquet movement and, xiii, 15, 187–88; biographical note, 275; cellular system of imprisonment advocated by, 291; Chabrol and, 281; Constituent Assembly and, 76, 230–31; on constitutional commission, xx, 235; coup of 1851 and, 268–69; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 134; Feb. 23–24, 1848, events of, 24–25, 26, 34, 42, 189–92; Germany, letter of AdT on situation in, 247–48; June Days, letter of AdT after, 246–47; Lamartine and, 300; Lasteyrie and, 301; letters of AdT to, 230–31, 246–48, 251–53, 254–55, 264–65; Lieber and, 268–69, 303; London, as ambassador to, 160; Louis-Napoléon and, 160–61; Marie, or Slavery in the United States, 275; in notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 195; Recollections edited by, xv; Vienna, as ambassador to, xxi, 160–61
Bedeau, Marie-Alphonse, 31–33, 100, 117, 134, 185, 211, 244, 276; biographical note, 275
Belgrade, Treaty of, 177
Bem, Joseph (Murad Pasha), 179, 287; biographical note, 275
Benthamites, 295
Berry, duc de, 327
Berryer, Pierre-Antoine, 38, 159, 203–4, 205, 211, 291, 313; biographical note, 275–76
Bertrand, Marshal, 278
Billault, Adolphe-Augustin-Marie, 37, 42, 187; biographical note, 276
Bixio, Jacques-Alexandre, 100, 279; biographical note, 276
Blanc, Louis: biographical note, 276–77; Crémieux and, 286; dress of Constituent Assembly members and, 72–73; Dufaure and, 289; Duvivier and, 290; Goudchaux and, 294; May 15, 1848, events of, 87, 90; on Normanby’s Year of Revolution (1857), 311; The Organization of Labor (1839), 276; Portalis and, 316; in provisional government, xvii; right to work and, 236n25; views of AdT on, xxvii
Blanqui, Adolphe, 141; biographical note, 277
Blanqui, Louis-Auguste, xxxiii, 85, 88, 101, 273, 318; biographical note, 277
Bloomfield, Lord John Arthur Douglas, 183; biographical note, 277
Bocage, Pierre-Martinien Touzé, 212n36; biographical note, 277–78
Boislecomte, Ernest Sain de, 176; biographical note, 278
Bonaparte, Louis-Napoléon. See Louis-Napoléon (later Napoleon III)
Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon I (emperor)
Bonapartists, compromises made by AdT with, xiv
Bourges, Michel de (Louis-Chrysostome Michel), 211, 283, 288, 307, 326
Bresson, Charles-Joseph, 302
Bricqueville, Armand-François, comte de, 67; biographical note, 278
Britain. See England
Broglie, Victor, duc de, 57, 73, 164, 205, 291, 321; biographical note, 278
Browning, Robert, 307
Buchez, Philippe-Joseph-Benjamin, 85, 321;
biographical note, 278–79
Buffet, Louis-Joseph, 138, 206; biographical note, 279
Buffon, Georges-Louis LeClerq, comte de, xxx
Bugeaud, Thomas-Robert, marquis de la Piconnerie, 33, 41, 147, 185–86, 190, 280, 291, 305; biographical note, 279
Buonarroti, Philippe, 272, 273
Cabet, Étienne, xxvii, 236n25; biographical note, 279
cabinet of Barrot: dismissal of, xxxix, 251–55; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 132–39, 196–200; June 1849 insurrection, 146–51, 197; Legislative Assembly and, 152–53, 155–58, 161–62; Louis-Napoléon and, 136, 144–46, 158–61, 199–200, 251–53, 254; members of, 139–43; relations between members, 153–58, 199–200; republican government, goal of sustaining, 143–44, 153; Roman affair and, 146–51, 162
Cadoudal, Georges, 316
Candide (Voltaire, 1759), 327
Carlier, Pierre, 290
Carmen (Mérimée, 1845), 307
Carnot, Hippolyte, 92, 93, 302; biographical note, 280
Castellane, Victor-Boniface, comte de, 157–58; biographical note, 280
Catherine the Great (empress of Russia), 316
Caussidière, Louis-Marc, 73, 289, 323; biographical note, 280
Cavaignac, Louis-Eugène: Adelsward and, 271; biographical note, 280–81; decrease in popularity (September 1848), 246; in June Days, xix, 100, 104, 106, 244; in presidential election of 1848, xx, xxxix, 132, 194–95, 308; provisional government, as head of, xxi, 146, 193, 194; Roman affair and, 150
centralized government, constitutional commission on, 121, 128
Chabrol-Chaméane, Ernest de, 212; biographical note, 281
Chamber of Deputies: Constituent Assembly compared, 76; Daumier, “Le ventre législatif” (1833), 7; Feb. 23, 1848, session of, 22–23; Feb. 24, 1848, events of, 29, 31, 33–43; Legislative Assembly meeting in old chamber of, 147; Louis-Philippe addressing, 7–8, 18–19; reactions of former parliamentarians to revolutionary events, 55–61; AdT as representative in, xiii, xvi–xvii, xxxviii, 8, 11–14
chamber pots, war of, 229
Chambord, Henri d’Artois, comte de (Henri V), xxiii, 267–68, 297, 312; biographical note, 281
Champeaux, François Palasne de, 77–79, 80; biographical note, 281
Changarnier, Nicolas-Anne-Théodule, xxxix, 140, 146, 149, 150, 200, 211; biographical note, 281–82
Chantelauze, Jean de, 322
Charles Albert (ruler of Piedmont-Sardinia), 165–66; biographical note, 282
Charles I (king of England), 46; biographical note, 282
Charles X (formerly comte d’Artois; king of France), xxxvii, 19, 27, 46, 75, 145–46, 295, 299, 304, 316, 321, 324; biographical note, 282
Charnisay, Philippe-Amable Arthuis de, 208; biographical note, 282
Charras, Jean-Baptiste-Adolphe, 211, 326; biographical note, 283
Chartres, Robert, duc de, 312
Chassin, Charles-Louis, 211; biographical note, 283
Chateaubriand, François-René, vicomte de, xxix, 118, 272, 307, 308; biographical note, 283
Chateaubriand, Jean-Baptiste, 283
checks and balances, constitutional, xxv, 123
Chopin, Frédéric, 288
Choses Vues (Hugo, 1830–85), xv
Clamorgam [Clamorgan], Paul-Emile, 222–23, 243–44; biographical note, 284
Claramont, Privat Joseph, 295
Clark, T. J., xxxiii
class and class conflict in France: adaptations to events of 1848 and, 56; awareness of AdT of depth of, xix; elections of 1848 and, 228; government with support of single class, 31; June Days as class conflict, 97, 101; middle-class spirit of government during July monarchy, 4–5, 152; revolution of 1848, socialist character of, 51–55
Class Struggles in France, 1848–1850, The (Marx, 1850), xv, xvin9
Clayton, John Middleton, xxiv
clergy: in Constituent Assembly, 75; power of clerical spirit, defrocked priest as example of, 122; reliance of Louis-Napoléon on, 201
Colomba (Mérimée, 1840), 307
Combarel de Leyval, Mathieu-Louis-Désiré, 207, 210, 214–15; biographical note, 284
Comité de la rue de Poitiers, xxi, 134, 324
Commerce, Le (newspaper), 194, 303
Comte, Auguste, 321
Condé, Louis I de Bourbon, prince de, 102n27, 229n13
Confessions (Rousseau, 1782), 320
Considerant, Victor, xxvii, 100, 119, 151–52, 292; biographical note, 284
Considerations on the Causes of the Grandeur and Decadence of the Romans (Montesquieu, 1734), xviii, 257–58
Constituent Assembly (of 1789), 8, 74–75
Constituent Assembly (of 1848–49): Chamber of Deputies compared, 76; character and politics of representatives, 70, 73–77; constitution presented to, 130; dress of representatives at, 72–73; early sessions of, 72–74; Festival of Concord (May 21, 1848) and, 91–93; hall of, 76; in June Days, 98–100, 102, 104–10, 116, 117, 244; Lamartine in, 77–81; May 15, 1848, invasion of, xix, 82–90, 91, 92, 120; members sent out across Paris during June Days, xxxv, 106–10, 244; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 193–96; period between Festival of Concord and June Days, 93–96; Rome, order not to attack, 146. See also elections of 1848 (March–May; Constituent Assembly)
constitutional monarchy, AdT’s commitment to, xiii, xvii, 143
constitution and constitutional commission, xx, 119–31, 232–42; amendment of constitution, 129; American constitution and, xxv, 120, 128, 233; bicameral/single chamber, debate on, xxv, 123–25, 233–34; on centralized government, 121, 128; chair, machinations of, 122–23; checks and balances, constitutional, xxv, 123; chronology, xxxviii–xxxix; circumstances affecting, 120, 127; on Council of State, 125, 128, 129; election of president, 126–27, 241–42, 261–63; elections of 1849, desire to get rid of constitution after, 135; executive branch, 125–28; finalization and presentation of constitution to Constituent Assembly, 129; judicial branch, 128–29; on local government, 120–22; members of commission, 119–20; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 193–94; notes of AdT on proposed revisions, 260; peculiar proposals regarding, 129; plot of July 1849 to overthrow constitution, 158–59; report of AdT on proposed revisions, 260–63; right-to-work clause, xx, 235–41; term limits on presidency and proposed revision, xx, xxi, xxii, xxxix, 128, 160, 201, 203–4, 235, 254–55, 260–63
Coquerel, Athanase, 125; biographical note, 284
Corbon, Claude-Anthime, 130; biographical note, 285
Corcelle[s], Francisque (Claude-François-Philibert Tircuy) de: biographical note, 285; in Constituent Assembly, 76; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 134; Feb. 24, 1848, events of, 26, 27, 187, 189; in June Days, 98–99; Lasteyrie and, 301; letters of AdT to, 250–51, 259, 263–64; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 193, 195; religion, AdT on general return to, 263–64; Roman affair and, xxii, 250–51; wife of, 274
Cormenin, Louis-Marie de Lahaye, vicomte de, 106–8, 119, 122, 125–28, 130; biographical note, 285
Cotte, Jules Charles Conway de, 210; biographical note, 285
Council of State, 125, 128, 129, 234
Courtais, Amable-Gaspard-Henri, vicomte de, 83, 89, 90; biographical note, 286
Cousin, Victor, 323
Crédit Foncier, 327
Crémieux, Adolphe (Isaac Moïse), xvii, 37–38, 41, 106–8, 306; biographical note, 286
Crimean War (1855–56), 311
Damesme, Édouard, 244; biographical note, 286
Danton, Georges, 320
Darthé, Augustin, 273
Daru, Napoléon, comte, 205; biographical note, 286
Daru, Paul-Henri, vicomte, 205, 206–7; biographical note, 286
Daumier, Honoré, illustrations by: Odilon Barrot (1849), 140; Jules Bastide (1849), 105; “Dernier conseil des ex-ministres” (1848), 28; Comte de Falloux (1849), 142; Francois Guizot (1833), 10; Louis-Napoléon tripping on a liberty tree (1850), 261; Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1849), 237; Adolphe Thiers (1848), 27; Alexis de Tocqueville (1849), 141; Universal suffrage (c. 1850), 63; “Le ventre législatif” (1833), 7. See also Philipon, Charles, King Louis Philippe’s metamorphosis into a pear (1830)
death penalty, abolished for political reasons, xvii
Degousée, Joseph, 83; biographical note, 286–87
Delarue-Beaumarchais, Charles-Édouard, 206; biographical note, 287
Dembinski, Henri, 177, 179; biographical note, 287
democracy, AdT on, 240, 242–43
Democracy in America (AdT, 1835/1840): on acceptable restrictions of liberty, xxv, xxvi; Corcelle’s review of, 285; on cycle of revolution in France, xxiii; foreword to twelfth edition (written after revolution of 1848), 219–20; literary style of AdT and, xxix, xxxi, xxxiii, xxxv; literary success of, xiii, 272; Mazzini’s reading of, xxii; publication of, xxxviii; referenced in Recollections, xxiv; Royer-Collard’s admiration for, 321; George Sand on, 96; on self-interest, xxv; Senior critiquing, 323; theorist of democracy, AdT as, xxiii, xxxi; AdT on writing of, 255; travel of AdT to America, xxxviii
Démocratie Pacifique, La (periodical), 284
Desmoulins, Camille, 320
Destutt de Tracy, Alexandre, 139, 140–41, 142; biographical note, 287
Dornès, Auguste, 100, 120; biographical note, 287
Drouyn de Lhuys, Édouard, 176, 275; biographical note, 287–88
Duchâtel, Charles-Marie-Tanneguy, comte, 16–17, 18, 21, 35, 73; biographical note, 288
Dudevant, Aurore (née Dupin; George Sand), xix, 95–96, 307; biographical note, 288
Dufaure, Jean, 214, 292; biographical note, 288
Dufaure, Jules Armand Stanislaus: biographical note, 289; as cabinet minister, 139, 144, 149, 154–58, 161, 199; Chamber of Deputies, on AdT’s speech in, 14; in Constituent Assembly, 76; constitutional commission and, 119, 123–24, 129, 235; coup by Louis-Napoléon and, 205, 291; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 134, 137, 138; Falloux and, 154–55, 199, 200; Feb. 23–24, 1848, events of, 24, 25, 27, 29, 187–89; in June Days, 104; letter of AdT to (December 1850), 258–59; Louis-Napoléon and, 161, 200; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 193–94, 195, 196; on Paris placed in state of siege, 156; Passy and, 140; republican government, maintenance of, 144, 157; Roman affair and June 1849 insurrection, 149, 150, 197; views of AdT on, 157–58
Dulong, François-Charles, 279
Dumas, Christian-Léon, 185; biographical note, 289
Dumoulin, Jean-Baptiste, 38; biographical note, 289
Dupin, André-Marie, 36, 124–25; biographical note, 289
Dupont de l’Eure, Jean-Charles, xvii
Duvergier de Hauranne, Prosper, 16, 57, 188, 189, 191, 211–12; biographical note, 289–90
Duvivier, Franciade-Fleurus, 117, 244; biographical note, 290
École des femmes, L’ (Molière, 1662), 71, 308
economic repercussions of revolution of 1848, 223, 230, 294
Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, The (Marx, 1852), xv, xxiii
elections of 1848 (March–May; Constituent Assembly), xviii–xix, 61–69, 222–32; campaign circular of AdT, 64–65, 66, 223–25; candidacy of AdT in, 64–69; chronology, xxxviii; decision of AdT to take part in, 60–61, 222–23, 230–31; description of AdT’s département of La Manche, 61–64; Lamartine in, 77; letters of AdT to Marie de Tocqueville during, 227–30; popular banquet in Cherbourg (March 1848), address of AdT to, 225–26; secret ballot (May 1848), 94–95; timing and results of, 70–71; universal male suffrage, comments of AdT on, 231–32; Valognes electoral committee, response of AdT to president of, 65–66, 227; voting, 69
elections of 1848 (December; presidential election), xx, xxxix, 132, 194–95, 215
elections of 1849 and formation of new government, xxxix, 132–39, 195, 196–200, 247
elections of 1851, presidential (forestalled by coup), 208, 235, 254, 260–63, 264–65
elections of 1852, 214–15
Elster, Jon, xxx
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 307
Émile, or on Education (Rousseau, 1762), 320
Encyclopedia Americana (Lieber, 1829–33), 303
Encyclopédie nouvelle (Leroux, Carnot, and Reynaud), 302
England: Charles I, monarchy of, 46; class system in, 63; Corn Law controversy, 307; during foreign ministry of AdT, xxi, xxiv, 169, 170, 172, 176–77, 178, 180–81, 183; Louis-Napoléon in, 145, 296; naval dominance of, xxiv, 226; Poor Law (1834), 323; Spanish marriages and, 6; travels of AdT in, xxxviii
equality, AdT on gradual development of, 219
Essarts, Eugène-Charles-Marie Des, 184; biographical note, 290
Essay on Indifference in Religious Matters (Lamennais, 1817), 298
Essay on the Inequality of Races (Gobineau, 1853), 294
Essay on the State of the Church (Lamennais, 1808), 300
Eugène (servant of AdT), 112; biographical note, 290
Eugénie (empress of Napoleon III), 307
Europe, revolutions of 1848 in, 165–84, 209–10, 229. See also foreign ministry of AdT and specific countries by name
executive branch: constitutional commission on, 125–28; election of president, process of, 126–27, 241–42, 261–63; Louis-Napoléon elected president of Second Republic, xx, 143–44, 194–95, 215, 259; presidential election of 1848, xx, xxxix, 132, 194–95, 215; presidential election of 1851 (forestalled by coup), 208, 235, 254, 260–63, 264–65; term limits on presidency, xx, xxi, xxii, xxxix, 128, 160, 201, 203–4, 235, 254–55, 260–63
Eynard, Phocion, 209; biographical note, 290
Falloux, Frédéric-Alfred-Pierre, comte de: biographical note, 290–91; in cabinet of Barrot, 138, 139, 142–43, 161, 199–200; Daumier’s illustration of (1849), 142; Dufaure and, 154–55, 199, 200; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 137, 138; foreign ministry of AdT and, 153, 181; in June Days, 99–100; Louis-Napoléon and, 153, 161, 196; Memoirs of a Royalist (1888), 291; Montalembert and, 308; on National Workshops, 326; relationship with AdT, 154; Trélat and, 326
Faucher, Léonard-Joseph-Léon, 134, 155, 201, 202; biographical note, 291
Feray, Henri, 205, 210; biographical note, 291
Ferdinand I (emperor of Austria), 292, 322
Ferdinand II (ruler of Kingdom of Two Sicilies), 291
Ferdinand-Philippe (oldest son of Louis-Philippe), 311–12
Festival of Concord (May 21, 1848), xix, 90–93
Figaro, Le (newspaper), 288
Filangieri, Carlo, prince di Satierno, 167; biographical note, 291
Flocon, Ferdinand, xvii
Florence, Republic of, 51
foreign ministry of AdT, xxi–xxii, 162–84; aptitude of AdT for, 162–63, 197–98; Austria during, 165–67, 171–80, 182, 183; Broglie, Thiers, and Molé, working with, xxi, 164–65; chronology, xxxix; decision of AdT to take part in new government, 135–37; diplomats, dealing with, 163–64; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 132–39; England during, xxi, xxiv, 169, 170, 172, 176–77, 178, 180–81, 183; Germany during, 166, 169–70, 171–74, 247–48; Hungary during, xxi, 167, 177–79, 184, 199, 298; June 1849 insurrection, diplomatic effects of putting down of, 169; Louis-Napoléon and, 144–46, 160–61, 165, 181; notes of AdT on, 197–99, 200; Piedmont during, xxi, 165–66, 174–76, 199; Poland during, 173, 179, 181, 271, 311; Russia during, 167–68, 169, 173, 177–80, 182, 183; Sicily during, 165, 167, 291; Switzerland, refugee situation in, 170–71; Turkey during, xxi, 165, 177–84; United States, French relationship with, xxiv. See also Roman affair
Fourier, Charles, xxvii, 151, 236n24, 317; biographical note, 291–92
Fournier, Bertrand, 214, 288; biographical note, 292
Francis (emperor of Austria), 272
Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), 310, 324
Franz-Joseph I (emperor of Austria and king of Hungary), 167, 179, 322; biographical note, 292
fraternal confusion, as theme of Festival of Concord, 92
freedom of assembly: law limiting rights of political clubs (1849), xxxix, 156, 286; provisional government instituting, xvii
freedom of the press: limitations placed on (1849), xvii, 156; provisional government instituting, xvii
French Revolution (from 1789): Chateaubriand and, 283; chronology, xxxvii; Constituent Assembly of 1789, 8, 74–75; Convention, 36, 51, 72–73, 74; cycle of revolution in France and, xxiii, 47–48, 245–46; election campaign of 1848 and use of terms from, 64; Girondins, 39, 51, 53, 93, 299; history of France from 1789 to 1830 and, 4, 47–48; land ownership in Normandy following, 62; letter of AdT on writing of Recollections and, 256–57; Montagnards, 51, 73; property rights and, 11; revolution of 1848 compared, 244; socialism and, xxvi–xxvii, 238–39, 242; Tennis Court Oath, 12; the Terror, xxxvii, 53, 84, 208, 214, 241, 278, 320
Friedrich Wilhelm III (Prussian ruler), 311
Friedrich Wilhelm IV (Prussian ruler), 171, 172, 173, 311; biographical note, 292
Fuad Efendi (Fuad Pasha), 179, 182–83; biographical note, 292–93
Gallemand, Zacharie, 244–45; biographical note, 293
Garnier-Pagès, Étienne, 293
Garnier-Pagès, Louis-Antoine, xvii, 40; biographical note, 293
Genius of Christianity (Chateaubriand, 1802), 283
Gérard, Étienne-Maurice, 191; biographical note, 293
Germany: during foreign ministry of AdT, 166, 169–70, 171–74, 247–48; travels of AdT in, xxix, xl, 132, 195, 196
Girardin, Émile de, 22; biographical note, 293–94
Girondins, Les (song), 93
Globe, Le (newspaper), 288, 302
Gobineau, Arthur de, xxxix, 253, 297; biographical note, 294
Goudchaux, Michel, 106–9, 113, 293; biographical note, 294
government, announcement of formation of new government on Feb. 23, 1848, 22–24. See also cabinet of Barrot; constitution and constitutional commission; provisional government
Gracchus (François-Noël Babeuf), 236n27, 241, 272–73
Great Britain. See England
Greg, William Rathbone, 231–32; biographical note, 295
Gregory XVI (pope), 298, 300, 315
Grote, George, 295
Grote, Harriet, xxxi, 253; biographical note, 295
Guizot, François: Barrot and, 274; biographical note, 295; on causes of revolution of 1848, 44; in Chamber of Deputies, xvii; Daumier’s illustration of (1833), 10; Duchâtel and, 16, 288; Duvergier and, 289; end of era of, AdT on, 231; Feb. 23–24, 1848, events of, 22–23, 73, 295; Hébert and, 296; Janvier and, 297; Le Peletier d’Aunay and, 302; literary style of, xxix; Louis-Philippe and, 304, 308; Lord Normanby and, 311; on le pays légal (voters), 8; Plichon and, 316; publication of memoirs, AdT on, xv; Royer-Collard and, 321; Sonderbund, support for, 48n13; Spanish marriages and, 6n1; views of AdT on, xxvi
Hamilton, Alexander, xxvi
Havin, Léonor-Joseph, 66–68, 187; biographical note, 296
Hébert, Michel-Pierre-Alexis, xxxii, 18–19; biographical note, 296
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, xxx
Henriade, La (Voltaire, 1723), 198n33
Henri V (Henri d’Artois, comte de Chambord), xxiii, 267–68, 281, 297, 312
Hirschman, Albert, xxx
Histoire de la Révolution (Thiers, 1823–27), 53, 256, 257, 324
History of the American Civil War (comte de Paris, 1875), 312
History of the Consulate and the Empire (Thiers, 1845–62), 324
History of the Girondins (Lamartine, 1847), 39, 53, 299
History of the Two Bourbon Restorations (Vaulabelle, 1844–54), 326
Howard, Elizabeth Ann Harryett, 181; biographical note, 296
Huber, Louis (Aloysius), xixn18, 87–88; biographical note, 296–97
Hugo, Victor, xv, 273, 277, 307
Humanité, de son principe et de son avenir, L’ (Leroux, 1839), 302
Hungary during foreign ministry of AdT, xxi, 167, 177–79, 184, 199, 298
Institut de France, 48
Isabella II (queen of Spain), 6n1
Isly, battle of, 279
Italy: Piedmont, during foreign ministry of AdT, xxi, 165–66, 174–76, 199; revolution of 1848, effects of, 259; Sorrento, AdT in, xviii–xx, xxxix, 44, 255–59. See also Roman affair
Janvier, Eugène, 108; biographical note, 297
Jews and Judaism, 106, 286, 294, 306, 320
Jockey Club, 205
Joinville, François-Ferdinand-Philippe d’Orléans, prince de, xxii, 206, 264; biographical note, 297
Journal de Valognes, 67n16
judicial branch, constitutional commission on, 128–29
Julie, or the New Heloise (Rousseau, 1761), 320
July Monarchy: banquet movement, xiii, 14–20, 65–66, 187–88; Barrot as leader of dynastic opposition to, xxi; chronology, xxxvii–xxxviii; creation of (1830), xxxvii; dislike of AdT for, xxxiii; end anticipated by AdT, xiii, xvii, xxxviii, 9–14; Guizot on, xv; impeachment of government ministers, 19; middle-class spirit of government during, 4–5, 152; recollections of AdT regarding, 4–8; revolution of 1830, xxxvii, 4–5, 26–27, 46, 47, 282, 299. See also Louis-Philippe (last king of France)
June Days, xix, 96–119; ammunition and weapons stockpiled for, 94; as class conflict, 97, 101; Constituent Assembly in, 98–100, 102, 104–10, 116, 117; constitutional commission and, 120, 127; correspondence of AdT during, 243–46; Eugène (servant of AdT) in, 112; fighting in, 101, 102–3, 104, 108, 109–10, 113–18, 243–45; Lamartine and, 81; leadership in, 102–3; members of Constituent Assembly sent out during, xxxv, 106–10; military rule, imposition of, 104–6; National Guard in, 99, 101, 102, 103, 106–10, 112, 117; National Workshops, insurrectionists drawn from, 102; National Workshops, precipitated by closure of, 97–98, 276–77; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 194; period between Festival of Concord and, 93–96; porter, threat against AdT by, 111–12; socialist ideas and, 97, 112, 118, 127
June insurrection of 1849, 149–51, 155–56, 169, 197
Kainardji, Treaty of (1774), 177
Kergorlay, Louis, comte de, 255–58; biographical note, 297
Kossuth, Lajos, xxi, 177, 182, 287, 301, 311, 313; biographical note, 298
Lacordaire, Dominique-Henri, 84, 297, 300, 308; biographical note, 298
Lacrosse, Bertrand, baron de, 36, 139, 141–42; biographical note, 298–99
Lafayette, Edmond du Motier, vicomte de, 91; biographical note, 299
Lafayette, Gilbert du Motier, marquis de, 12, 274, 285, 287, 301; biographical note, 299
La Manche. See Normandy
Lamartine, Alphonse de: Barbès, commutation of death sentence of, 273; biographical note, 299–300; Blanqui and, 277; in Constituent Assembly, 77–81; defeat in presidential election of 1848, xxxix, 300; Feb. 23–24, 1848, events of, xvii, 36–37, 38–41, 211–12, 278; at Festival of Concord, 92, 93; History of the Girondins (1847), 39, 53, 299; in June Days, 100, 113–16; May 15, 1848, events of, 89–90; relationship with AdT, 78
Lamartine, Mary Ann Elisa de (née Birch), 17–18, 81; biographical note, 300
Lamennais, Félicité-Robert de, 119–22, 275–76, 297, 298, 308; biographical note, 300
Lamoricière, Louis-Christophe-Léon-Juchault de: as ambassador to Russia, xxi, 153, 167–68, 173, 177, 182–83, 301; biographical note, 300–301; Charras and, 283; coup of 1851 and, 211; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 134; Feb. 24, 1848, events of, 34, 50, 97, 99, 186, 190; in June Days, xix, 99, 115–16, 244; in Legislative Assembly, 153
Lanjuinais, Victor-Ambroise, vicomte de, 316; biographical note, 301; in cabinet of Barrot, 139, 144; in Constituent Assembly, 76; coup of 1851 and, 207, 211; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 134, 138; Feb. 22–24, 1848, events of, 25, 27, 28, 37, 187, 189; foreign ministry of AdT and, 181; in June Days, 104
La Rochefoucauld, xxix, xxx, 28n6
Lasteyrie du Saillant, Jules, marquis de, 189; biographical note, 301
Ledru-Rollin, Alexandre-Auguste: after June 1849 insurrection, 151, 301–2; Andryane and, 272; biographical note, 301–2; Caussidière and, 280; in Constituent Assembly, 80; defeat in presidential election of 1848, xxxix, 301; dress of Constituent Assembly members and, 72; Duvivier and, 290; Feb. 24, 1848, events of, 38, 39–40, 41, 42; May 15, 1848, events of, 85; as minister of the interior, 228n10; in provisional government, xvii; Roman affair, xxii, 148, 151
Legislative Assembly: cabinet of Barrot and, 152–53, 155–58, 161–62; constitutional provisions on election of, 260; coup of 1851 and, 205; elections of 1849, xxxix, 132–36, 247; first impressions of AdT regarding, 147; right to call in army to defend national representation, 207, 211; Roman affair and, 147–51, 162, 197, 248–50
legitimists: Barrot and, xxi; compromises made by AdT with, xiv, 152–53; defined, xiv; Henri V, 281; Law of May 31 and, 206; in Legislative Assembly, 152–53; Ministry of Public Instruction, control over, 154; suspicions of AdT as closet legitimist, xviii, xxiii
Lehon, Charles de, comte, 302
Lehon, Françoise-Zoé-Mathilde, comtesse de, 207, 309; biographical note, 302
Le Peletier, Louis-Honoré-Félix, baron d’Aunay, 109–10; biographical note, 302
Leroux, Pierre-Henri, 150n31; biographical note, 302–3
letters of AdT: to Gustave de Beaumont, 230–31, 246–47, 247–48, 251–53, 254–55, 264–65; to Paul Clamorgam, 222–23, 243–44; to comte de Chambord, 267–68; to Francisque de Corcelle, 250–51, 259, 263–64; to Armand Dufaure, 258–59; to Zacharie Gallemand, 244–45; to Arthur de Gobineau, 253; to William Rathbone Greg, 231–32; to Harriet Grote, 253; to Louis de Kergorlay, 255–58; to Francis Lieber, 268–70; to Jean-Bernardin Rouxel, 267; to Eugène Stöffels, 245–46; to Édouard de Tocqueville, 265–66; to Marie de Tocqueville, 227–30, 244
lettres de cachet, 208
liberty, acceptable reasons for restriction of, xxv, xxvi
Lieber, Francis, 268–70; biographical note, 303
Louis XIII (king of France), 319
Louis XIV (king of France), 6, 319; biographical note, 303
Louis XVI (king of France), xxxvii, 28n6, 46, 73n20, 273, 299, 308; biographical note, 303–4
Louis XVIII (king of France), xxxvii, 10, 75, 281, 282, 308, 316; biographical note, 304
Louis-Napoléon (later Napoleon III): biographical note, 309–10; cabinet of Barrot and, 136, 144–46, 158–61, 199–200, 251–53, 254; Constituent Assembly, election to, 94–95, 126; conversation between AdT and (May 1851), 201–2; coup anticipated by AdT, 251–52, 254–55; coup staged by (December 1851), xiv, xvi, xxi, xxii–xxiii, xl, 205–15, 265–70; Daumier’s Louis-Napoléon tripping on a liberty tree (1850), 261; elected president of Second Republic, xx, 143–44, 194–95, 215, 259; Falloux and, 153, 161, 196; fears of AdT regarding eventual coup by, 144, 153, 158–59; followers and favorites, 146, 160, 200, 254; foreign ministry of AdT and, 144–46, 160–61, 165, 181; Miss Howard and, 181, 296; letter of AdT to Beaumont (September 1848) on, 246; Molé on, 212–13; relationship with AdT, 160–61; Roman affair and, xxii; term limits on presidency and proposed revision, xx, xxi, xxii, xxxix, 128, 160, 201, 203–4, 235, 254–55, 260–63; Vieillard and, 67, 326; views of AdT on, xxvi, xxxiv, 144–46, 158–61, 199–200, 252, 259
Louis-Philippe (last king of France): abdication and flight of, 34, 185–87, 190–92; addressing Chamber of Deputies, 7–8, 18–19; on banquets campaign, 18–19; biographical note, 304; chronology, xxxvii–xxxviii; conversations of AdT with associates of, xvi; formation of new government (Feb. 23, 1848), 23, 24; frustrations of AdT with, xvi; governmental role as viewed by, 10–11; irrelevance following revolution of 1848, 56–57; metamorphosis into a pear (illustration by Philipon, 1830), 9; Lord Normanby and, 311; views of AdT on, 5–8, 46. See also July Monarchy
Löwenhielm [Lowenhelm], Gustaf, count, 211; biographical note, 304
Luisa Fernanda (Spanish infanta), 6n1
Luxembourg Commission, xvii, 276, 294, 326
Lyon, xxii, xxxix, 116, 151, 155, 175
Magen, Hippolyte, 213; biographical note, 305
Magnan, Bernard-Pierre, 210, 309; biographical note, 305
Magne, Pierre, 190; biographical note, 305
Malesherbes, Chrétien-Guillaume de Lamoignon de, xxxvii
Malleville, François-Jean-Léon de, 186; biographical note, 305
Maria Amalia (queen of France), 191
Marie, or Slavery in the United States (Beaumont, 1835), 275
Marie, Pierre Thomas, xvii, 37, 193; biographical note, 305–6
Marie-Antoinette (queen of France), 304
Marrast, Armand: on Bastide, 274; biographical note, 306; constitutional commission and, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125–26, 129–30; Dornès and, 287; dress of Constituent Assembly members and, 73; in June Days, 117; on Lamartine and Crèmieux, 41; in provisional government, xvii; sybaritic tastes of, 123, 274
Marseillaise, La (former and future French national anthem), 93
Martin, Alexandre (Albert), xvii
Martin, Édouard (Martin de Strasbourg), 129; biographical note, 306
Marx, Karl: babouvisme influencing, 272; The Class Struggles in France, 1848–1850 (1850), xv, xvin9; compared to AdT, xxx; on coup of Louis-Napoléon, xxiii; The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852), xv, xxiii; Misery of Philosophy: A Response to the Philosophy of Misery of M. Proudhon (1847), 317; Proudhon and, 317; on rescindment of universal suffrage in France, xvi; right to work and, 236n25
Mauguin, François, 248; biographical note, 306
Maximilian II (king of Bavaria), 315
May 15 (1848) invasion of Constituent Assembly, xix, 82–90, 91, 92, 120
Mazzini, Giuseppe, xxii, 282, 285
McLellan, George, 312
Memoirs from Beyond the Grave (Chateaubriand, 1848–50), 283
Memoirs of a Royalist (Falloux, 1888), 291
Mérimée, Prosper, 95, 272, 288; biographical note, 306–7
Metternich, Klemens von, 298, 322
Michel, Louis-Chrysostome (Michel de Bourges), 211, 283, 288, 326; biographical note, 307
middle-class spirit of government during July monarchy, 4–5, 152
Mignet, François-Auguste, 324
military character of recent revolutions in France, 209–10
Mill, John Stuart, xxiii, 277, 295
Milnes, Robert Monckton, 95; biographical note, 307
Mirabeau, Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, comte de, 13; biographical note, 307–8
Misanthrope, Le (Molière, 1666), 44, 308
Misery of Philosophy: A Response to the Philosophy of Misery of M. Proudhon (Marx, 1847), 317
Mobile Guard, 83, 89–90, 94, 102
Molé, Louis-Mathieu, comte: biographical note, 308; Bugeaud and, 279; on causes of revolution of 1848, 44; Caussidière pardoned by, 280; in Chamber of Deputies, xvii; Dufaure compared, 24; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 134; end of era of, AdT on, 231; Feb. 23–24, 1848, events of, 23, 26, 29, 185, 189; foreign ministry of AdT and, xxi, 164–65; Legislative Assembly and, 153; Louis-Napoléon and, 158, 212–13; Louis-Philippe and, 304, 308; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 195; reactions of former parliamentarians to revolutionary events, 57; Royer-Collard and, 321; in secret ballot (May 1848), 94–95; Senior and, 323; views of AdT on, xxvi, 252
Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin), 44, 71; biographical note, 308
Moniteur, Le (periodical), 11, 90, 92, 148, 209, 210, 213, 214, 221
Moniteur Universel, Le (periodical), 277–78
Monnier, Luc, xvn7
Montagnards: in Constituent Assembly, 73–74, 77–79, 81; on constitutional commission, 119; coup of 1851 and, 203, 211; of first French Revolution, 51, 73; June Days and, 95, 103, 118; in Legislative Assembly, 132, 133, 134, 135, 147, 149, 150, 152, 156, 158; May 15, 1848, invasion of Constituent Assembly and, 85; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 194; Roman affair and June 1849 insurrection, 149, 150, 151, 156, 197; secret ballot (May 1848) and, 95; unwillingness of AdT to work with, xiv–xv
Montaigne, xxix
Montalembert, Charles-René, comte de, 98, 298, 300; biographical note, 308–9
Montalivet, Marthe-Camille-Bachasson, comte de, 189; biographical note, 309
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de, xxvii, xxx, 257–58
Montijo, Countess of, 307
Mont Ventoux, xxxi
Morny, Charles-Auguste, duc de, 205, 207, 302, 305, 321; biographical note, 309
Mountain, the. See Montagnards
Murad Pasha (Joseph Bem), 179, 275, 287
Musset, Alfred de, 288
My Prisons (Pellico, 1832), 314
Nantes, revocation of edict of, 303
Napoleon I (emperor): biographical note, 309; Chateaubriand and, 283; chronology, xxxvii; coup of Louis-Napoléon on anniversary of coronation of, xxiii; history of, plans of AdT to write, xviii; invasion of Russia (1812), 309, 318; Molé and, 308; Waterloo, battle of, xxxvii, 278, 290, 303, 309, 313, 318
Napoleon III (emperor). See Louis-Napoléon (later Napoleon III)
National, Le (newspaper), xvii, 120, 212, 274, 276, 282, 287, 294, 306, 314, 324, 326
National Assembly. See Constituent Assembly (of 1848–49); Legislative Assembly
National Guard: elections of 1848 and, 68; Feb. 22–24, 1848, events of, 24, 26–33, 37–38, 41–42, 185, 186, 190; at Festival of Concord, 92–93; in June Days, 99, 101, 102, 103, 106–10, 112, 117, 244–45; June insurrections of 1849 and, 149, 155; Lafayette and, 299; May 15, 1848, events of, 89–90; in period between Festival of Concord and June Days, 93, 94; in presidential elections, 195
National Workshops: creation of, xvii, 276; decree reducing number of workers in, xxxviii; dissolution of, 100, 325–26; June Days insurrectionists drawn from, 102; June Days insurrection over closure of, 97–98, 276–77; population of, in period between Festival of Concord and June Days, 94
Necker, Jacques, 304
Négrier, François-Marie-Casimir de, 117; biographical note, 310
Nemours, Louis d’Orléans, duc de, 35, 37, 187, 191; biographical note, 310
Nesselrode, Count Karl von, 183; biographical note, 310–11
Neue Rheinische Zeitung (periodical), xvi
Ney, Michel, 275
Nicholas I (czar), 6, 167–68, 292, 300, 310, 317–18; biographical note, 311
Ni Dieu Ni Maître (newspaper), 277
Normanby, Constantine Henry Phipps, Lord, 181; biographical note, 311
Normandy: Chamber of Deputies, AdT as representative in, xiii, xvi–xvii, xxxviii, 8, 11–14; Conseil général de la Manche, xviii, xl, 67; coup of 1851, retirement of AdT after, 268–69; description of AdT’s département of La Manche, 61–64; election campaign of 1848 in, xviii–xix, 61–69; first part of Recollections composed in, xvi–xviii, xxxix; medical rest for AdT in, xiv, xvi, xviii; revolution of 1848, reaction to, 62–64; terror measures, following coup of 1851, in, 208; Tocqueville, estate of, 68–69, 268
Œuvres complètes (AdT, 1951–), 221n2, 329–30
On Civil Liberty and Self Government (Lieber, 1853), 303
On the Causes of the Inequality of Riches (Passy, 1848), 313
Organization of Labor, The (Blanc, 1839), 276
Orléans, Hélène-Louise-Elisabeth, duchesse d’: biographical note, 311–12; escape of, xvii, 39–40, 41–42, 66, 187, 192, 312; regent, proposed as, xvii, 35–38, 191, 286, 289, 296, 310, 312; sympathy of AdT for, xxxiii, xxxiv, 35, 39–40
Orléans, Louis-Philippe-Albert d’, comte de Paris, xvii, 35, 37, 38; biographical note, 312
Oudinot de Reggio, Nicolas-Charles-Victor, xxxix, 41–42, 287, 315; biographical note, 312
Outline of the Science of Political Economy, An (Senior, 1836), 323
Owen, Robert, 279
Paillet, Alphonse-Gabriel-Victor, 212; biographical note, 313
Palmerston, Lord Henry John Temple, 6, 176, 183; biographical note, 313
Paris, Louis-Philippe-Albert d’Orléans, comte de, xvii, 35, 37, 38, 312
Paris: cholera in, 147, 197; declarations of state of siege in, xxii, 104–6, 108, 149–51, 156, 197, 244; on Feb. 25 (1848), 49–52; in June Days, 98–99, 100, 103, 104–10, 113–15, 117, 245; provincial suspicion of, 62–64, 94; on return of AdT after elections, 71–72; Rome, demonstrations against invasion of, 149–51
Passy, Hippolyte, 139–40, 161, 200; biographical note, 313
Patrie, La (periodical), 209
Paulmier, Charles-Pierre-Paul, 21; biographical note, 314
Paulmier, Mme, 21
Péan, Nicolas-Lucien-Émile, 212; biographical note, 314
Pellagot, Colonel, 214; biographical note, 314
Pellico, Silvio, 41, 272; biographical note, 314
Perrier, Joseph, 207; biographical note, 314
Persigny, Victor-Fialin, duc de, 165, 195, 305, 309; biographical note, 314–15
petit-cheval, 205
Petrarch, xxxi
Peyronnet, Charles-Ignace, comte de, 19, 321; biographical note, 315
Pfordten, Karl Ludwig, baron von der, 172; biographical note, 315
Philipon, Charles, King Louis Philippe’s metamorphosis into a pear (1830), 9
Pichegru, Jean-Charles, 316
Piedmont, during foreign ministry of AdT, xxi, 165–66, 174–76, 199
Piétri, Pierre-Marie, 209; biographical note, 315
Pius IX (pope), xxi, xxii, xxxix, 249–51, 285; biographical note, 315. See also Roman affair
Pleiades, The (Gobineau, 1874), 294
Plichon, Charles-Ignace, 215; biographical note, 316
Poland: during foreign ministry of AdT, 173, 179, 181, 271, 311; Lamennais’s support for, 300; May 15, 1848, demonstration for independence of, xix, 82–90, 286; Wolowski and nationalist cause, 83, 327
Polignac, Jules-Armand, prince de, 19, 315, 321; biographical note, 316
Political Ethics (Lieber, 1838), 303
Portalis, Auguste-Joseph-Melchior de, 25; biographical note, 316
Poussin, Guillaume Tell, xxiv
poverty and revolution, 221–22
precocious republicans (républicains de la veille), xix, 70, 129
presidency. See executive branch
press. See freedom of the press and specific newspapers and periodicals by name
Presse, La (periodical), 293–94
property rights, 11, 236–41, 317
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, xix, 236–37, 236n26; biographical note, 317; Daumier’s illustration of (1849), 237
provisional government: Cavaignac as head of, xxi, 146, 193, 194; Constituent Assembly, on dress of, 72–73; Festival of Concord set up by, 90–91; formation of, xvii, 41–43; muskets provided to workers by, 94; provisions immediately passed by, xvii; universal male suffrage, failure to understand, 70–71
Prussia. See Germany
public charity clause, xx
Qu’est-ce que la propriété? (Proudhon, 1840), 237n28, 317
Radetzky, Joseph Radetz von, 175, 322; biographical note, 317
Radetzky March (Strauss, 1848), 317
Radziwill, Prince Léon, 179; biographical note, 317–18
railroads, proposed nationalization of, 98
Randon, Jacques-Louis-César-Alexandre, comte de, 206; biographical note, 318
Raspail, François-Vincent, xxxix, 85, 297, 301; biographical note, 318
Recollections (AdT), xiii–xxvii; American republic in, xxiv; character of, AdT on, 3–4; composition of, xiv, xvi–xxii, xxxix, 319; coverage of revolution in, xv–xvi; letters from AdT on writing of, 255–58, 269–70; literary style of, xxiv, xxix–xxxvi; publication history, xv, 255; theorist of democracy, AdT as, xxiii–xxvii, 44–49; uninhibited style of, xv
Réforme, La (periodical), xvii, 280, 305
religion, AdT on general return to, 263–64
Rémusat, Charles-François-Marie, comte de: biographical note, 318; Feb. 24, 1848, events of, 26, 190, 191; on Feray’s gambling, 291; in June Days, 104; Lasteyrie and, 301; on Louis-Philippe, 7–8; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 194; reactions of former parliamentarians to revolutionary events, 57; refusal to join new government, 137; Royer-Collard and, 321; Thiers and, 137, 164–65; wife of, 274
républicains de la veille (precocious republicans), xix, 70, 129
republican government: as goal of Barrot cabinet, 143–44, 153; Third Republic, 280, 297, 299, 302, 310, 323, 324, 325; AdT’s concept of, 224–26. See also Second Republic
Reshid Pasha, Mustafa, 178, 271 292; biographical note, 319
restriction of liberty, acceptable reasons for, xxv, xxvi
Retz, Jean-François-Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de, 58; biographical note, 319
Révolution, La (periodical), 305
revolutionary agitations in 1849: after elections, 135, 136, 147; June insurrection, 149–51, 155–56, 169, 197; plot of July 1849 to overthrow constitution, 158–59
revolution in France, AdT on cycle of, xxiii, 47–48, 245–46
revolution of 1789. See French Revolution (from 1789)
revolution of 1830, xxxvii, 4–5, 26–27, 46, 47, 282, 299. See also July Monarchy; Louis-Philippe (last king of France)
revolution of 1848: abdication and flight of Louis-Philippe, 34, 185–87, 190–92; anticipated by AdT, xiii, xvii, xxxviii, 9–14, 221–22; anticipated by public, 17–18; chronology, xxxviii–xl; coup of Louis-Napoléon ending (1851), xiv, xvi, xxi, xxii–xxiii, xl, 205–15, 265–70; economic repercussions, 223, 230, 294; effects on Italy, 259; Feb. 22, disturbances of, 21–22; Feb. 23, announcement of formation of new government on, 22–24; Daumier’s “Dernier conseil des ex-ministres” (1848), 28; Feb. 24, formation of Second Republic on, 26–33, 28, 185–92; Feb. 25, state of Paris on, 49–52; Festival of Concord (May 21, 1848), xix, 90–93; initial reticence of AdT regarding, xiii, xvii, 24–25, 47–49, 55–61; Normandy, reaction to revolution in, 62–64; precipitating events, 14–20; provisional government, formation of, xvii, 41–43; reactions of former parliamentarians to, 55–61; reflections of AdT on causes of, 44–49, 221–22; socialist character of, 51–55, 236. See also Recollections (AdT); Second Republic
revolutions of 1848 in Europe, 165–84, 209–10, 229. See also foreign ministry of AdT and specific countries by name
Revue des Deux Mondes (periodical), 285, 303
Revue Indépendante (periodical), 302–3
Revue Nationale, La (periodical), 274
Revue Provinciale (periodical), 297
Reynaud, Jean, 302
Ricardo, David, 323
Richelieu, Armand-Jean de Plessis, Cardinal, 58, 304; biographical note, 319
right to work, xx, 235–41, 276
Rivet, Jean-Charles, xx, 187–89, 196, 208; biographical note, 319
Robespierre, Maximilien-François-Marie-Isidore de, xxxvii, 72, 239; biographical note, 319–20
Roger du Nord, Édouard-Léon, 206; biographical note, 320
Roman affair, xxii, 248–51; cabinet of Barrot and, 146–51, 162, 200; chronology, xxxix; Constituent Assembly’s order not to attack, 146; correspondence of AdT with Corcelle regarding, 250–51; domestic ramifications of, 198; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 134, 135, 136; Legislative Assembly and, 147–51, 162, 197, 248–50; Oudinot and, 312; Pius IX (pope), xxi, xxii, xxxix, 249–51, 285, 315; public demonstrations and June 1849 insurrection, xxxix, 149–51; AdT first learning of, 132, 146; views of AdT on, xxii, 148–49, 160, 195, 196, 197, 200, 248–50
Rouen massacres, 85
Rouher, Eugène, 254; biographical note, 320
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, xxix, xxx, 7n2, 300, 327; biographical note, 320
Rouxel, Jean-Bernardin, 267; biographical note, 321
Royer-Collard, Pierre-Paul, 212; biographical note, 321
Rulhière, Joseph-Marcellin, 139, 140; biographical note, 321
Russia: during foreign ministry of AdT, 167–68, 169, 173, 177–80, 182, 183; Lamoricière as ambassador to, xxi, 153, 167–68, 173, 177, 182–83; Napoleon’s invasion of (1812), 309, 318
Saint-Arnaud, Armand-Jacques-Achille-Leroy de, 210, 305, 309, 318; biographical note, 321
Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre, xix
Saint-Simon, Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de, and Saint-Simonians, 236n23, 236n25, 274, 278–79, 280, 300, 302, 316, 324; biographical note, 321–22
Sallandrouze de Lamornaix, Charles-Jean, 21–22, 187; biographical note, 322
Sand, George (Aurore Dudevant, née Dupin), xix, 95–96, 288, 307
Sauzet, Jean-Pierre, 33–34; biographical note, 322
Savoye, Henry-Charles-Joseph, 248; biographical note, 322
Schwarzenberg, Felix, Prince of, 176, 292; biographical note, 322–23
Second Republic: activities of AdT in, xiii, xviii, 60–61; cabinet’s goal of sustaining, 143–44, 153; coup staged by Louis-Napoléon (December 1851) ending, xiv, xvi, xxi, xxii–xxiii, xl, 205–15, 265–70; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, xxxix, 132–39, 195, 196–200, 247; foreign ministry of AdT, xxi–xxii; June 1849 insurrection, 149–51, 155–56, 169, 197; May 15, 1848, invasion of Constituent Assembly, xix, 82–90, 91, 92; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 193–96; popular dislike of, 144; presidential election (1848), xx, xxxix, 132, 194–95, 215. See also Constituent Assembly (of 1848–49); constitution and constitutional commission; elections of 1848 (March–May; Constituent Assembly); elections of 1848 (December; presidential election); foreign ministry of AdT; June Days; Legislative Assembly; provisional government secret societies, 208–9, 212
self-interest, AdT on public benefits of, xxv–xxvi
Sénard, Antoine-Marie-Jules, 110; biographical note, 323
Senior, Nassau, xviii, xix, xxvin33, xxxi, 221–22, 295; biographical note, 323
Shakespeare, William, 40
Shiner, L. E., xxxv
Sicily, during foreign ministry of AdT, 165, 167, 291
Siècle, Le (newspaper), 296
slavery in French colonies, abolition of, xvii, 287, 313
Smith, Adam, Wealth of Nations (1776), 313
Sobrier, Marie-Joseph, 87, 88; biographical note, 323
Social Contract (Rousseau, 1762), 320
socialists and socialism: in Constituent Assembly, 74; constitutional commission and, 127; coup of 1851 and, 212; discussion of socialist systems in Constituent Assembly before June Days, 94; June Days and, 97, 112, 118, 127; Leroux and, 302; popular fear of, 94; in provisional government, xvii; refusal of AdT to compromise with, xiv–xv, xxvi–xxvii; revolution of 1848, socialist character of, 51–55, 236; right to work, xx, 235–41, 276; speeches of AdT on, 235–41, 242
Sonderbund, 48n13
Sorrento, AdT in, xviii–xx, xxxix, 44, 255–59
Soult, Prime Minister, 295, 313
Spanish marriages (1846), 6
Spartacus (Magen, 1847), 213
Spencer, John Canfield, xxv
Staël, Albertine de, 278
Stendhal, 307
Stöffels, Charles, 323–24
Stöffels, Eugène, 245–46; biographical note, 323–24
Strauss, Johann, Radetzky March, 317
Swinburne, Algernon, 307
Switzerland: refugee situation in, 170–71; Sonderbund, French support for, 48
Talabot, Léon, xxxiv, 42, 43, 187; biographical note, 324
Tanzimat Reforms in Turkey, 319
Taylor, Zachary, xxiv
Tennis Court Oath, 12
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 307
term limits on presidency, xx, xxi, xxii, xxxix, 128, 160, 201, 203–4, 235, 254–55, 260–63
Terror, the (1793–94), xxxvii, 53, 84, 208, 214, 241, 278, 320
terror measures, following coup of 1851, 208–9, 212–15
Thiers, Adolphe: banquets campaign and, 15; Barrot and, xxi, 15, 26, 29; biographical note, 324; Louis Blanc and, 276; Broglie and, 278; cabinet ministers and, 140; on causes of revolution of 1848, 44; in Chamber of Deputies, xvii; compared/contrasted with AdT, xxxiv, xxxv; coup of 1851 and, 208, 211, 212; cowardice of, xxxiv, 42–43; Daumier’s illustration of (1848), 27; Dufaure named minister of justice by (1871), 289; elections of 1848, failure to win in, 73, 231; elections of 1849 and formation of new government, 134, 137; Feb. 24, 1848, events of, 26, 29, 36, 42–43, 185–91; foreign ministry of AdT and, xxi, 164–65, 199; Havin compared to, 296; Histoire de la Révolution (1823–27), 53, 256, 257, 324; History of the Consulate and the Empire, 324; in June Days, 104, 115–16; Legislative Assembly and, 153; letter of AdT to Beaumont (September 1848) on, 246–47; Louis-Napoléon and, 158, 259n51; Molé on, 213; Lord Normanby and, 311; notes for period from June 1848 to June 1849, 194, 195; comte de Paris and, 312; reactions of former parliamentarians to revolutionary events, 57; Rémusat and, 318; revolution Thiers, Adolphe of 1830 and, 282; Roman affair and June 1849 insurrection, 148–49, 197, 199; Sauzet and, 322; in secret ballot (May 1848), 94–95; on Spanish marriages, 6n1; Vaulabelle and, 326; views of AdT on, xxvi; Vivien and, 327
Third Republic, 280, 297, 299, 302, 310, 323, 324, 325
Tocqueville, Alexandrine de (nèe Ollivier; sister-in-law), 29–30; biographical note, 324–25
Tocqueville, Alexis de (AdT): on acceptable restrictions of liberty, xxv, xxvi; on Ancien Régime, 4, 6, 12–13, 47, 73, 143, 267; The Ancien Régime and the Revolution (1856), xiv, xviii, xxix, xxxi, xxxv–xxxvi, xl, 275, 293, 295, 313; anticipating revolution of 1848, xiii, xvii, xxxviii, 9–14; cellular system of imprisonment advocated by, 291; in Chamber of Deputies, xiii, xvi–xvii, xxxviii, 8, 11–14; chronology, xxxvii–xl; conservatives, willingness to work with, xiv, xxvi; constitutional monarchy, commitment to, xiii, xvii, 143; courage valued by, xxxiii–xxxv, 76, 107; Daumier’s illustration of (1849), 141; death of (1859), xiv, xl; in Germany, xxix, xl, 132; initial reticence regarding revolution of 1848, xiii, xvii, 24–25, 47–49, 55–61; jailed briefly, following coup of 1851, xxiii, xl, 205, 266, 268; leftists, unwillingness to work with, xiv, xxvi–xxvii, xxxiii; in Legislative Assembly, xxxix; literary style of, xxiv, xxix–xxxvi; Louis-Napoléon, conversation between AdT and (May 1851), 201–2; money, instructions to wife to set aside, 230; nephews of, xv, 49–50, 103, 104; oath of loyalty to new regime, refusal to swear (1852), xl; Œuvres complètes (AdT, 1951–), 221n2, 329–30; porter’s threat to murder, during June Days, 111–12; pulmonary tuberculosis suffered by, xiv, xvi, xviii, xx, xxxix, 3, 195, 258; on republican government in France, 143–44; Second Republic, activities in, xiii, xviii, 60–61; in Sorrento, xviii–xx, xxxix, 44; suspected of being closet legitimist, xviii, xxiii; as theorist of democracy, xiv, xvii, xxiii–xxvii, xxx–xxxi, 44–49; in Versailles, xx–xxii, xxxix, 132. See also Democracy in America (AdT, 1835/1840); letters of AdT; Normandy; Recollections (AdT); revolution of 1848
Tocqueville, Édouard, baron de (brother), 29–30, 265–66; biographical note, 325
Tocqueville, Hervé de, comte de (father), xxxvii, 111, 244
Tocqueville, Hippolyte, vicomte de (brother), 244, 278; biographical note, 325
Tocqueville, Louise-Madeleine de (mother), 283
Tocqueville, Marie de (née Mottley; wife), xv, xviii, xxxviii, 17–18, 101, 104, 111, 133, 227–30, 244, 300; biographical note, 325
Tocqueville (estate in Normandy), 68–69
Tracy, Alexandre Destutt de, 139, 140–41, 142, 287
Trélat, Ulysse, 88; biographical note, 325–26
Tribune, La (newspaper), 306
Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques, 304
Turkey during foreign ministry of AdT, xxi, 165, 177–84
Turkish Embassy, AdT attending gala ball at, 16
Tyler, John, xxv
United Kingdom. See England
United States: Chateaubriand in, 283; Civil War in, 297, 303, 312; constitution, xxv, 120, 128, 233; democracy, AdT on, 240; election campaign of AdT in 1848 and, 225–26; foreign ministry of AdT and, xxiv; French in American Revolution, 304; French socialists founding communities in, xxvii, 279, 284; Louis-Philippe in, 304; naval dominance of England and, xxiv, 226; in Recollections, xxiv; universal male suffrage in, 262. See also Democracy in America (AdT, 1835/1840)
universal male suffrage: constitutional commission on, xx; Cormenin on, 131; Daumier’s Universal suffrage (c. 1850), 63; declaration by provisional government, xvii; in elections of 1849 (Legislative Assembly), 133; energizing effect on AdT, xviii, 77; failure of provisional government to understand, 70–71; first elections in France allowing, xiv; letter of AdT on, 231–32; president, election of, 126–27, 241–42, 261–63; representatives resulting from, 75–76; rescindment (Law of May 31, 1850), xvi, xxxix, 202, 206
Urusova, Sofya, 317
Vaulabelle, Achille-Tenaille de, 120, 123; biographical note, 326
Vavin, Alexis, 22; biographical note, 326
Versailles, AdT in, xx–xxii, xxxix, 132
Victor Emmanuel I (ruler of Piedmont-Sardinia), 165–66, 282
Victor Emmanuel II (king of Italy), 315
Victoria (queen of England), 6n1 Vieillard, Narcisse, 67; biographical note, 326
Vitet, Louis-Ludovic, 211; biographical note, 326–27
Vivien de Goubert, Alexandre-François-Auguste, 119, 121, 128, 129, 134, 193; biographical note, 327
Voleur, Le (The Thief, periodical), 293
Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet), xxv, 67, 198n33; biographical note, 327
Voyage to Icaria (Cabet, 1840), 279
Warning to Proprietors (Proudhon, 1842), 317
Waterloo, battle of, xxxvii, 278, 290, 303, 309, 313, 318
Weber, Max, xxxiv
Wilson, Woodrow, xxv
Wolowski, Louis, comte de, 83; biographical note, 327
women: Festival of Concord, maidens in white at, 92; in June Days insurrection, 97, 103; as writers, 96, 253
workday limits, provisional government instituting, xvii
Year of Revolution (Normanby, 1857), 311