Adorno, Theodor, 16, 22, 150, 158; The Jargon of Authenticity, 50
Anaximander, 93
Anders, Günther, 38. See also Stern, Günther
anti-Semitism, 6, 22, 24–26, 28–29, 33, 38, 40–41, 60. See also Heidegger, Martin
Arendt, Hannah, li, 5, 88, 117, 216, 235, 241n.22, 248n.81, 249n.91; on anti-Semitism, 39, 45; “banality of evil,” 55–56, 58–62; and functionalism, 57–62; and the Greeks, 63–64; affair with Heidegger, 34–38; affinities with Heidegger, 32, 63, 67–69, 248n.77; critique of Heidegger, 11, 42, 47–50; in defense of Heidegger, 49–51; on Heidegger’s thinking, 231–232; and Kant, 269n.7; and political existentialism, 66–69
—Works: Eichmann in Jerusalem, 33–34, 52–62; The Human Condition, 12, 13, 43, 51, 62–66, 68; Love and Saint Augustine, 41–44; On Revolution, 65; “Organized Guilt and Universal Responsibility,” 59; The Origins of Totalitarianism, 32–33, 51, 56, 57, 59, 62; Rahel Varnhagen, 44–48; “The Shadows,” 35
Aristotle, 117–118, 159, 161, 187, 203, 215, 249n.87; Metaphysics, 222; Nichomachean Ethics, 160, 222–224
Aschheim, Steven, 61
Augustine, Saint, 214
Auschwitz, 50, 54, 57, 58, 60–62, 105, 107, 130
Axelos, Kostas, 261n.72
Bacon, Francis, 111
Baudelaire, Charles, “The End of the World,” 73
Baudrillard, Jean, li
Bauer, Yehuda, A History of the Holocaust, 53
Baumgarten, Eduard, 11
Bäumler, Alfred, 124
“Beautification of Labor” (Nazi labor campaign), 190, 191, 198
Becker, Oskar
Benjamin, Walter, 7, 15, 16, 22, 107, 172, 243n.9
Berlin, Isaiah, 27
Berlin, University of, 104, 228
Bernstein, Eduard, 137, 257n.6
Bernstein, Richard, 39
Bloch, Ernst, 15, 22, 159, 171; Geist der Utopie, 16; Thomas Münzer als Theologe der Revolution, 16
Bloom, Harold, li
Blücher, Heinrich, 60–61, 247n.70
Blumenfeld, Kurt, 23
Bolshevism, 33. See also Marxism
Braig, Carl, 208
Bréhier, Emile, 88
Brentano, Franz, 206, 232; The Manifold Sense of Being in Aristotle, 205
Bukharin, Nikolai, 138
Bultmann, Rudolf, 101, 105, 108
Carleton University, 106
Cassirer, Ernst, Davos meeting with Heidegger, 229–230; on Heidegger’s philosophy, 176; The Logic of Symbolic Forms, 230
Class, Heinrich, If I Were the Kaiser, 25
Cohen, Hermann, 40
Darwin, Charles (and Darwinism), 112–113, 122, 124, 139, 183, 216
de La Mettrie, Julien, L’Homme machine, 111–112
de Man, Paul, li
Descartes, René, 17, 18, 82, 111, 175, 200, 201, 223, 234
de Staël, Madame, 2
Dewey, John, 226
Die Gesellschaft, Marcuse and, 162
Dilthey, Wilhelm, 16, 143–144, 210, 214, 267n.28
Dinesen, Isak, 68
Dionysos, 181
Döblin, Alfred, 22
Dohm, Wilhelm, On the Civic Improvement of the Jews, 23
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 16, 86, 105, 140
Durkheim, Emile, 63
Eckhart, Johann (Meister), 212
Eichmann, Adolf, 52, 54–56, 62
Engels, Friedrich, 138
Existenzphilosophie (and existentialism), 12, 16, 42, 83, 99, 109, 149, 164, 166, 173, 196, 198, 236
Fackenheim, Emil, 130
Felstiner, John, 1
Feuerbach, Ludwig, Principles of a Philosophy of the Future, 82
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 8
Forsthoff, Ernst, 165
Frank, Hans, 36
Frankfurt School, 5, 140, 162, 168, 171, 172
Frederick the Great, 187
Freiburg, University of, 1, 36, 45, 162, 214, 229
Freikorps, 134
Freud, Sigmund, 22, 242–243n.6
Galilei, Galileo, 112
Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 76, 81, 88, 239n.4
Goebbels, Joseph, 84
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 2, 13, 23, 40, 48, 72, 99, 124
Goldstein, Moritz, 29
Gorky, Maxim, 208
Gramsci, Antonio, 240n.1
Greens (Germany), 108
Gundolf, Friedrich, 84
Habermas, Jürgen, 243n.15; on Löwith, 254n.66
Harvard University, 83
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 13, 50, 72, 95, 99, 140–141, 151, 168, 183, 196, 234, 236–237; Phenomenology of Spirit 154–156; and Pietism, 215; Science of Logic, 154
Heidegger, Elfride (née Petrie), 35, 210, 213
Heidegger, Martin, on America, 210; and anti-Semitism, 6, 11, 36–37, 83, 177; affair with Arendt, 34–38; correspondence with Elisabeth Blochmann, 210–212; and Catholicism, 173, 206–208, 213–215; as critic of modern civilization, 8, 12, 63, 86–87, 175–176, 179, 208–209, 220–221; Dasein, 18, 80, 82, 99, 144, 146, 148, 178–179, 184, 187, 200, 210, 220, 221, 223, 225, 229–231; Davos meeting with Cassirer, 229–230; and the Greeks, xlix, 14, 67, 181, 185, 186, 200, 222, 232; and historicity, 143–144, 149, 154, 178–180, 182–184, 185, 188, 196, 214, 217; on Hölderlin, 67, 206, 253n.53; and the Holocaust, 3, 51–52; and Husserl, 5, 11, 211, 215–217; and Jünger, 85, 164, 181, 182, 194, 242n.24, 264n.50; on Löwith, 97; and Nazism, lii, 10–12, 32, 48, 67, 84–89, 162–167, 178–202, 210, 260–261n.58; and Nietzsche, 17, 67, 98, 173, 179, 182, 193–194, 208; North American reception of, xlix;” ontological fascism,” 182; and politics, xlix, lii, 66–68, 153, 173, 175–176, 182, 196–197, 268n.59; and Protestantism, 224; and racism, 37, 83, 181–183, 197; compared to Schmitt, 227; on the Volk, 36, 93, 154–155, 175, 184, 185–191, 196, 253n.53
—Works: Being and Time, 1, 16–18, 49, 63, 80, 82, 86–88, 92–94, 136, 142, 143, 144, 145, 148, 154, 157, 163, 166, 170, 175, 177, 178–179, 183, 194, 195, 196, 198, 199, 200–201, 203–232; “Dialogue Between a Japanese and an Inquirer,” 205; “Dialogue on Language,” 267n.28; “The Doctrine of Judgment in Psychologism” (dissertation), 213; “On the Essence of Truth,” 230; “European Nihilism” (from the Nietzsche lecture courses), 193–194; The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics (lecture course), 188; Gesamtausgabe, 17, 205; “Hölderlin and the Essence of Poetry,” 230; “Introduction to the Phenomenology of Religion” (lecture course), 215; “Labor Service and the University,” 189; “Letter on Humanism,” xlix, 88–89, 94, 101–103, 230; Logik als die Frage nach dem Wesen der Sprache (Logic lecture course), li–lii, 8, 181–189, 195, 197, 199, 200–202; “My Way to Phenomenology,” 205; “Per Mortem ad Vitem” (Der Akademiker article), 208; “Phenomenological Interpretations with Respect to Aristotle,” 224–225; “Plato’s Idea of Truth,” 230; “The Self-Assertion of the German University” (Rectoral Address), 36, 181, 189, 199, 201; “The Question Concerning Technology,” 170; “On the Vocation of Philosophy” (lecture course), 213, 218, 221–222; “What is Metaphysics?,” 229, 230; “Why We Remain in the Provinces,” 10, 35–36, 177; Zur Sache des Denkens, 208. See also Der Akademiker
Henrich, Dieter, 81
Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 30, 40
Heydrich, Reinhard, 55
Hilberg, Raul, 55–56, 61; The Destruction of the European Jews, 52–53
Hillgruber, Andreas, 269n.3
Hindenburg, Paul von, 197
Historikerstreit, 233
Hitler, Adolf, 1, 26, 9, 10, 21, 30, 32–33, 50, 62, 66, 84, 132, 162, 181, 227
Hobbes, Thomas, 65, 115, 120, 121, 122
Hölderlin, Friedrich, 2, 48, 67, 93, 206, 232, 253n.53
Holocaust, 1, 3, 21, 53, 55, 57, 58, 60–62, 110; and theology, 129–131
Hönigswald, Richard, 36
Horkheimer, Max, 22, 168; “Traditional and Critical Theory,” 172
Human Genome Project, 116
Humboldt University (Berlin), 177
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 40
Hume, David, 235
Husserl Edmund, 5, 11, 22, 79, 82, 83, 162, 211, 215, 227, 228, 267n.38; and Heidegger, 215–217; on Heidegger’s anti-Semitism, 83
—Works: The Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, 217; Formal and Transcendental Logic, 217; Logical Investigations, 205, 206; “Phenomenology as Rigorous Science,” 206
Ibsen, Henrik, 209
Jaspers, Karl, 37, 41, 51, 55, 61, 66, 228; critique of Heidegger, 12, 173
Jewish assimilationism, 21, 22, 27, 38, 40, 43, 83. See also, Arendt, Rahel Varnhagen
Jewish Messianism, 15
Jonas, Hans, li, 5, 13, 38; Drew University conference, 101–104; and gnosticism, 108–110; affinities with Heidegger, 119, 123–126, 129; critique of Heidegger, 103–104, 132; on Heidegger’s lecture style, 131–132; on metabolism, 115–116, 121; and modern science, 111–114; and nihilism, 110–111; and politics, 123–129; and theology, 129–131
—Works: “Gnosticism, Existentialism, and Nihilism,” 111–113; The Gnostic Religion, 108; The Imperative of Responsibility, 14, 107, 117, 122–126, 128; The Phenomenon of Life, 111, 114, 118–119; “Science as Personal Experience,” 106
Jünger, Ernst, 25–26, 41, 50, 85, 91, 164, 181, 182, 194, 242n.24, 264n.50; Der Arbeiter (The Worker), 192; In the Storm of Steel, 163; War as Inner Experience, 163
Kafka, Franz, 22, 23–24, 39, 243n.9
Kant, Immanuel, 40, 82, 117–118, 143, 151, 155, 159, 168, 208, 219, 236; Arendt and, 269n.7; Critique of Pure Reason, 95, 158
Kellner, Douglas, 258n.18
Kierkegaard, Søren, 16, 80, 86, 95, 105, 178, 214
Kojève, Alexander, Introduction to the Reading of Hegel, 260n.51
Kosik, Karel, 137
Kracauer, Siegfried, 22
Krauss, Karl, 22
Krebs, Engelbert, 214
Krieck, Ernst, 124
Kulturkampf, 206
Lang, Fritz, 22
Lebensphilosophie, 124, 210, 216, 219
“Left Heideggerianism,” 14, 136–137, 167–172, 261n.72
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, What Is to Be Done? 139
Le Temps Modernes, 87
Liebknecht, Karl, 134–135, 258n.18
Löwith, Karl, li, 5, 10, 13, 153, 210, 218; Europe’s spiritual crisis (nihilism), 72–76, 83–89; affinities with Heidegger, 78–79, 97–100, 254n.66; critique of Heidegger, 77–78, 82, 91–97, 246n.30; on Heidegger’s lecture style, 34–35; on Heidegger’s Nazism, 84–89, 178–180, 191; critique of Schmitt, 89–91; and the “secularization” thesis, 74; and stoicism, 76, 78–79, 98–100
—Works: From Hegel to Nietzsche, 70, 98; “Heidegger: Thinker in a Destitute Time,” 91–98; Das Individuum in der Rolle des Mitmenschen, 80–82; Max Weber and Karl Marx, 70; Meaning in History, 70, 74; My Life in Germany Before and After 1933, 83–85, 104–105, 177, 251n.27; Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Eternal Recurrence of the Same, 75–76; “The Political Implications of Heidegger’s Existentialism,” 87–88.
Löwith, Wilhelm, 79
Lueger, Karl, 25
Lukács, Georg, 143–146, 168, 169; on Heidegger, 258–259n.23; History and Class Consciousness, 139–141, 147, 258n.18; The Theory of the Novel, 15, 22, 63
Luxemburg, Rosa, 134–135, 258n.18
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 90
Mahler, Gustav, 22
Mann, Thomas, 30, 48; Confessions of an Unpolitical Man, 179
Mannheim, Karl, 22
Marburg, University of, 106, 228
Marcuse, Herbert, li, 5, 64, 234, 236; on Being and Time, 146–147, 198–199, 257n.3; affinities with Heidegger, 167–172; critique of Heidegger, 9, 142–143, 162–167, 239–240n.5; and Marxism, 14, 141, 150–154, 158, 159–160, 256n.2, 258n.18, 259n.36, 260n.55; “repressive desublimation,” 168–169
—Works: “On Concrete Philosophy,” 146, 149, 151; “Contributions to a Phenomenology of Historical Materialism,” 143, 145, 151; Eros and Civilization, 157, 161, 164, 168, 169, 172; An Essay on Liberation, 169–170; Hegel’s Ontology and the Theory of Historicity, 150, 153, 154; One-Dimensional Man, 161, 170; “On the Philosophical Foundation of the Concept of Labor in Economics,” 156–161; Reason and Revolution, 166; “Repressive Tolerance,” 172; “The Struggle Against Liberalism in the Totalitarian View of the State,” 236
Marr, Wilhelm, The Triumph of Judaism over Germanism, 40
Marrus, Michael, 54
Marx, Karl, 74, 129, 136, 168; The Communist Manifesto, 73; Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (Paris Manuscripts), 64, 141–142, 145, 150–153, 171, 196; Das Kapital, 139, 161; “Theses on Feuerbach,” 141–142, 148, 154
Marx, Werner, 222
Marxism, 142; and the Bolshevik Revolution, 138, 140; crisis of (revisionism debate), 137–142; and Heidegger, 138, 144, 147–148. See also Marcuse, Herbert
McGill University, 106
Meinecke, Friedrich, 61
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 137
Michels, Robert, Political Parties, 139
Milton, John, 65
Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur, 63
Morin, Edgar, 261n.72
Mosse, George, 242n.2
Mueller, Adam, 48
Müller, Max, 11
Mussolini, Benito, 33, 90, 182, 183
National Socialism (Nazism), 8–9, 33, 56, 59–62, 181, 190, 202. See also Heidegger, Martin
Neumann, Franz, 61; Behemoth, 22
New School for Social Research, 104
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 16, 50, 70, 83, 85, 90, 98, 124, 132–133, 179, 182, 198, 208, 210; Beyond Good and Evil, 249–250n.100; The Gay Science, 75; and nihilism, 75–76; The Use and Abuse of History, 183; The Will to Power, 17, 73–74, 193
Nolte, Ernst, 233
Noske, Gustav, 134
Ott, Hugo, l, 9, 50, 87, 207, 213
Paci, Enzo, 137
Pascal, Blaise, 86
Peirce, Charles Sanders, 226
Petztet, Heinrich, 177
Pippin, Robert, 259n.36
Pius X, Pope, 208
Plato, 50, 66, 92, 123, 126–127, 172, 181, 229, 232; Heidegger’s critique of, 92, 175
Pulzer, Peter, 41
Rathenau, Walther, 195
reification, 144–146, 148, 151
Reinhart, Max, 22
Riefenstahl, Leni, Triumph of the Will, 33
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 16, 48, 86
Ritter, Gerhard, 61
Rosenzweig, Franz, 29
Roth, Joseph, 22
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 172
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 38, 87–88, 137; Being and Nothingness, 88
Schiller, Friedrich, 2, 40, 136, 171, 196; Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man, 157–159
Schlegel, Friedrich, 48
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 214, 267n.28
Schmitt, Carl, 26, 63, 66, 132, 165, 180, 182, 234, 236–37, 240n.1; The Concept of the Political, 90, 227; compared to Heidegger, 227; Löwith’s critique of, 89–91; Political Romanticism, 227; Political Theology, 90
Schnädelbach, Herbert, 124
Scholem, Gershom, 27, 54, 60, 243n.9
Schönberg, Arnold, 22
Schütz, Alfred, 81
Schorsch, Ismar, 29
Simmel, Georg, 210; “The Metropolis and Mental Life,” 116–117
Social Democrats (Germany), 125, 134, 137–138
Speer, Albert, 190
Spencer, Herbert (Social Darwinism), 181, 183
Spengler, Oswald, 63, 83, 85, 124, 129, 179; The Decline of the West, 18, 84, 211; Prussianism and Socialism, 192, 193
Stalin, Joseph, 33
Stern, Günther, 35, 38. See also Anders, Günther
Stoicism. See Löwith, Karl
Strauss, Leo, 240n.1
“Strength through Joy” (Nazi labor campaign), 190, 198
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 57
Tolstoy, Count Leo, 16
Treitschke, Heinrich von, 40–41
Trunk, Isaiah, Judenrat, 53
Tucholsky, Kurt, 22
Van Gogh, Vincent, 86
Verlaine, Paul, 208
Vietnam, l
Villa, Dabna, 248n.77
Wagner, Richard, 26
Wehler, Hans-Ulrich, 207
Weimar Republic, 6, 28, 85, 89–90, 108, 176
Wilde, Oscar, 208
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 18, 19, 26, 235; Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 234
Zivilisationskritiker, 8; Arendt’s affinities with, 63, 66. See also Heidegger; Jünger, Moeller van den Bruck; Schmitt; Spengler