CONTENTS

1114115188

ABBREVIATIONS

Introduction

CHAPTER I. Science and Politics under the Constituent Assembly

1. Science and Politics in 1789

2. Bailly and the Constituent Assembly

3. Lavoisier and the Arsenal

4. Vicq dAzyr and the Reform of Medicine

5. Condorcet and Truth in Politics

6. Condorcet, Bailly, and the Governance of Paris

7. Political Economy

8. Varennes and the Champ-de-Mars

CHAPTER II. Education, Science, and Politics

1. Scientists in the Legislative Assembly

2. The Condorcet Plan for National Education

3. Talleyrands Educational Proposal

4. The Educational Legacy of the Old Regime

5. The Political Setting

6. The Convention

7. Education and Science

CHAPTER III. The Museum of Natural History and the Academy of Science: Rise and Fall

1. Natural History and Theoretical Science

2. The Museum dHistoire Naturelle

3. The Academy of Science in the Revolutionary Climate

4. Artisans and Inventors

5. The Last Year of the Academy

CHAPTER IV. The Metric System

1. Background

2. Proposals

3. Methods and Instruments

4. Operations in the Field

5. The Provisional Meter

CHAPTER V. Science and the Terror

1. Terror amd Expropriation

2. The Republican Calendar

3. The Observatory of Paris

4. The Collège de France

5. Individual Destinies

6. The Calvary of Condorcet

CHAPTER VI. Scientists at War

1. The Monge Connection

2. Weaponry

3. The Mobilization of Scientists

4. Munitions and Guns

5. Inventions

6. Natural History and Conquest

7. Effects of Wartime: Science and the State

CHAPTER VII. Thermidorean Convention and Directory

1. Institutionalization of French Science, 17941804

2. Institut de France, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, and Bureau des Longitudes

3. Completion of the Metric System

4. The École Normale de lan III

5. The École Polytechnique

6. The École de Santé and Clinical Medicine

CHAPTER VIII. Bonaparte and the Scientific Community

1. Monge in Italy, 17961798

2. The Egyptian Expedition

3. The Idéologues and 18 Brumaire

4. The Consulate, 17991804

5. Napoleon and Science

CHAPTER IX. Positivist Science

1. Discipline Formation

2. Comparative Anatomy

3. Experimental Physiology

4. Mathematical Physics

5. Conclusion

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

BIBLIOGRAPHY