LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1.1Edison’s Kinetographic Record of a Sneeze, aka Fred Ott’s Sneeze (1894), the first film registered for copyright
1.2Napolean Sarony’s photograph of Oscar Wilde, the subject of an 1884 Supreme Court case
1.3“The Mother Elephant ‘Hebe’ and her Baby ‘Americus,’” the subject of an 1888 Supreme Court case
1.4Siegmund Lubin, king of the film pirates
1.5Advertising Lubin’s short-lived court victory over Edison
1.6One of the posters considered in Bleistein v. Donaldson (1903)
1.7Members of the Motion Picture Patents Company (c. 1908–1909) 36
1.8The Black Maria, Edison’s studio
1.9Eugen Sandow the strong man, posing for Edison in the Black Maria (1894)
1.10Loie Fuller performing the Serpentine Dance
1.11The Harper Brothers
2.1Loie Fuller’s dress frame patent
2.2How a French Nobelman Got a Wife Through the New York Herald Personal Columns (1904)
2.3“203 Charlie Chaplins”: A Chaplin lookalike contest
2.4An advertisement for Chaplin imitator Billy West
2.5Felix the Cat in Hollywood (1923): A parody of Chaplin
2.6Charlie Chaplin in The Champion (1915)
2.7Mexican actor and Chaplin imitator Charles Amador
2.8Harold Lloyd in The Freshman (1925)
2.9Adam Sandler in The Waterboy (1998)
2.10The “church scene” from When Tomorrow Comes (1939)
2.11Judge Learned Hand
2.12The Cohens and Kelleys in Atlantic City (1929)
2.13Joan Crawford in Letty Lynton (1932)
2.14Billy Wilder’s Ace in the Hole (1951)
3.1Poster for Gene Autry’s Home on the Prairie (1939)
3.2Shane (1953)—“mutilated” by TV editing?
3.3Death of a Gunfighter (1969), the first film to carry the Allen Smithee credit
3.4Screen shot from TV series Battlestar Galactica (1978–79)
3.5Screen shot from Star Wars (1977)
3.6Screen shot from Monty Python’s Flying Circus
3.7It’s a Wonderful Life (1946): one of the early film classics to be colorized
4.1Screen shot from Abraham Zapruder’s film of the Kennedy assassination
4.2Screen shot from Bruce Conner’s assemblage film Report (1963–1967)
4.3Screen shot from Kenneth Anger’s Scorpio Rising (1964)
4.4Screen shot from Hardware Wars (1977), a Star Wars spoof
5.1Early copy protection: the Chained Library of Hereford Cathedral in England
5.2The placement of sprocket holes in a typical Edison film
5.3Steve Jobs introduces the Macintosh computer (1984)
6.1A member of the Free Culture student organization protesting copy protection on music and movies