Index

“Cabbage Patch Gospel” (Jordan), 111
Caddell, Pat, 197, 197n, 213, 230, 234, 242, 264, 459–60, 474, 557, 592, 593–94
- “Of Crisis and Opportunity” memo, 460–61, 460n
- on Democrat regional schism, 490
- JC influenced by, 463–64
- Kennedy and, 490
- malaise speech and, 463–65, 467, 469, 470
Caldwell, Erskine, 35
Calhoun, John C., 461n
Califano, Joseph, 313, 473, 493, 494, 495, 496
California
- JC and primary election (1980), 572
- JC and saving the redwoods, 597
- JC’s political woes with, 255
- presidential race (1980), 589
- Proposition 13, 347
Callaghan, James, 442–43, 443n
Callaway, Howard “Bo,” 127, 132, 133, 134, 136, 263n, 623
Calley, William, Jr., 256n
Call to Action, A (JC), 659
Cambodia, 311–12, 367–69, 368n, 515
Camp David, 325, 341, 379n, 393, 463–64, 486–87, 537
- Iran hostage crisis discussions, 518–19
- JC practices his malaise speech at, 467–68
- JC’s self-reflection and leaders’ meetings at, 465–67
Camp David Accords, ix, 6–7, 24, 334, 352, 388–417, 435, 643, 644n
- Framework for Peace, 406, 407, 410, 411
- JC’s “failure plans,” 410
- JC’s religious faith and, 389
- Jerusalem and, 410, 413, 414
- media and, 399–400, 451n
- signing ceremony, 352, 416, 452
- Sinai and, 389, 391, 398, 401, 402, 404–6, 408, 410–13, 415
- Single Text technique, 399, 399n
- threat of collapse, 432, 438–39, 448–53
- West Bank and, 389, 401–3, 407–8, 411, 412, 414–16, 438
Cannon, Howard, 381
Cannon, Jim, 378
Carlisle, Charles, 82, 88
Carlyle Group, 288n
Carmichael, Stokely, 136
Carter, Alton “Buddy” (uncle), 46, 48, 88, 250
Carter, Amy (daughter), 26, 142, 167, 196, 217, 250, 282, 295, 322, 406, 591, 616, 619–21, 667
- boarding school, 616, 645
- Camp David Accords and, 396, 410
- caregiver for, 170–71, 316–17, 317n
- as civil rights activist, 620
- Deng Xiaoping and, 424
- at public school, 317, 645
- relationship with her parents, 317, 620–21
- Sadat and, 397
- White House years, 316–17, 322–23, 442
Carter, Annette (daughter-in-law), 316, 666
Carter, Billy (brother), 29, 35, 86, 88, 97, 101–2, 112, 187, 250, 251, 318
- alcoholism and, 482, 573, 575, 616
- Billy Beer, 318, 573
- Billygate, 574–76, 579, 595
- death of, 624
- JC as president and, 318, 573–74, 573n
- JC’s campaign and, 217, 250–51, 257
- Libya and, 520, 574, 575–76
Carter, Buddy (nephew), 35, 573
Carter, Caron (daughter-in-law), 316
Carter, Don (cousin), 49
Carter, Donnel Jeffrey “Jeff” (son), 76–77, 98–100, 172, 208, 315, 621, 666
- JC’s peace efforts and, 636
- JC’s campaigns and, 153, 226, 268
- in private school, 645
Carter, Gloria. See Spann, Gloria Carter
Carter, Hodding, 362, 525, 529, 562
Carter, Hugh (cousin), 113, 129, 138, 250, 254, 275
Carter, Hugh, Jr. (cousin), 324, 325–26
Carter, Isaac (ancestor), 23
Carter, James (ancestor), 23
Carter, James Earl (father), 15, 18–20, 25, 28, 29, 36, 47
- accomplishments of, 87
- acquisitions, businesses, wealth, 18, 20, 25, 29–30, 49, 86, 87, 476
- anger at FDR, 36–37, 248
- birth of son, Jimmy, 28
- cancer and death of, 86–87
- character and personality, 14, 16, 17, 20, 25, 28, 86–87
- Christian faith of, 16
- community standing, 30, 86–87, 97
- Louis-Schmeling rematch and, 46
- meets and marries Lillian Gordy, 28
- moves family to Plains, 86
- political ideas, 33, 36
- Pond House built, 47
- race, racism, and, 15, 46, 77, 86–87
- reaction to JC and Rosalyn, 65
- relationship with Billy, 101
- relationship with JC, 15–22, 29, 45, 47–48, 50, 51, 77, 86–87, 89, 98
- relationship with JC’s siblings, 21, 29
- in state legislature (1952), 86, 88
- tenant farmers’ strike and, 30
- values and life lessons, 17, 19, 21, 466
- wife’s pregnancies, rewarding her for, 29
Carter, James Earl, III “Chip” (son), 74, 115, 127, 208, 316, 323, 621, 666
- childhood, 99–100
- civil rights and, 129
- in congressional delegation to China, 419
- at the DNC, 315–16
- drug abuse and, 153, 572, 621
- JC’s campaigns and, 153, 226, 272
- JC’s presidency and, 318, 323
- JC’s reelection defeat and, 616
- Johnson-Humphrey campaign and, 127
Carter, James Earl, IV (grandson), 621, 657n
Carter, Jason (grandson), 622, 662, 669
Carter, Jeremy (grandson), 621, 666
Carter, Jimmy (James Earl, Jr.)
- as ahead of his time, 248
- ambitions of, 15, 69, 89, 132, 141
- birth of, 14, 28
- Carter family and slave ownership, 23, 24
- children born, 69, 74, 76–77, 142
- Christian faith of, x, 7, 8, 16, 31–33, 40, 58, 138–47, 202–4, 218–19, 240–41, 252, 266–67, 636, 656n, 657–58, 669–70
- core of approach to public life, 41–42
- depression of, xi, 7, 140
- father’s death, impact of, 86–87
- friendships, 39–41, 41n, 51, 58, 89, 102–3, 113, 117, 120, 135, 150, 152, 173–74, 183, 209, 223 (see also Jordan, Hamilton; Kirbo, Charles; Lance, Bert; Powell, Joseph L., Jr. “Jody”; Rabhan, David; specific people)
- “moral ideology” of, 8, 61
- moral stature, 104, 105, 210, 657
- motto, from Ecclesiastes 11:4, x
- as “neoliberal” or “New Democrat,” 248, 287, 338
- Nobel Peace Prize, x, 61, 105, 653–54
- pancreatic cancer in family, 59, 87, 624
- parenting by, 98–100
- philosophy of life, 139
- “political bible” of, 140
- political orientation and influences, 7–8, 70, 134, 135, 149, 156–57, 159, 160, 207, 239, 248
- populism and, 7, 135, 149, 156–57, 159, 160, 207, 248, 346, 347, 477, 571
- recreational mishaps, 50, 667
- Rosalynn and marriage, xi, 28, 61–77, 90, 91, 95, 99, 100, 265, 269, 309, 619–20, 623, 666
- substance abuse in family, 621, 624, 666
—characteristics and traits
- aloofness, xiii, 60, 145, 182
- anger, emotions controlled, 55, 321, 321n, 620, 622, 637
- anger, signs of, 172, 202, 234
- as autodidact, xii–xiii
- compassion of, 58–59
- competitiveness, 16, 43, 98–99, 486–87, 614, 619
- confidence, 20, 60, 220, 225–26, 343
- as detail-oriented, 18, 25, 56, 73, 76, 178, 223, 332–33, 375, 535
- diet, exercise, and weight, 224, 486
- DIY skills, 623
- drive to do his best, x, xi, 15, 50, 57–58, 81–82, 487
- engineering, skills and outlook of, 73, 83, 97, 100, 133, 152–53, 177, 319–21, 620
- environmental stewardship and, ix, xi, 7, 8, 32, 300
- favorite book, 30
- favorite poet, 100–101, 622
- as grammarian, 4, 178, 178n
- humor of, 217, 235, 266, 267, 322, 331–32
- hunting, fishing, and, xi, 16, 183, 583, 667
- icy glare of, 8, 17, 330, 539, 574
- impatience as a defining trait, 561–62, 614
- inflation of qualifications, 83, 230
- integrity, x, 8, 16, 53, 230, 231
- intelligence, 58, 70, 302–3, 319, 334, 383
- lack of belligerence, 24n
- leadership style, 4, 9, 73, 178, 181–83, 332, 343, 374–75, 461, 497
- love for the soil, 15
- love of reading, 26, 73, 100, 100n
- moderate drinking by, 116, 120, 202, 209
- music and, 58
- navy habits, 70
- as outsider, 7, 39, 52, 59–60, 89, 102, 123, 152, 198, 216, 217, 225, 246, 248, 285–98, 336, 343
- personal voter contact, 154–55, 222
- planning, being well-prepared, 132, 133
- prayers and Bible reading, x, 203, 241, 259, 320–21, 342, 549, 575
- preference for ordinary people, 76
- prickly side, x, 21, 145, 252, 276, 279, 330
- pride, 141, 147, 267, 305, 329, 579, 580, 582, 645
- public persona, x, 8, 169, 234–35
- punctuality, fanatical, 29, 67, 223, 620
- qualities of a long-distance runner, 59, 220
- risk and, 6, 7, 43, 53, 133, 186, 227, 229, 248, 327, 389, 392, 416, 417, 449, 469, 520, 614
- sarcasm of, 56, 157
- self-containment, 59, 60, 72–73, 76, 322, 343
- self-improvement and, xii, 59, 73, 223, 461, 613, 614, 622
- sermonizing, 145, 190, 208, 226, 294, 469
- Southern regional pride, 55–56, 155, 247
- speed reading and, 122, 122n
- sports and pastimes, 16, 20, 44, 50, 57–59, 77, 77n, 98–99, 102–3, 250, 486–87, 623
- stoicism, 69
- stubbornness, stubborn righteousness, 45, 48, 90, 180, 189, 267, 305, 330, 393, 580
- tenacity, 17, 20–21, 632
- thriftiness, 99, 152, 172, 223, 324–26, 479
- toothy smile of, 55, 64
- transactional politics and, 181, 322, 461
- values, 32–33, 53
- wood working, furniture building by, 20, 77, 116, 292, 615, 616, 623–24, 661, 662
- work ethic, 18, 83, 122, 320
- See also civil rights and racial equality; peace
—1924–53, early years, 13–91
- academic performance, 43–44, 49–50
- African Americans and, 7, 15, 30–33, 46
- Annapolis and, 49–61
- appearance, 42, 50–51, 52, 54
- as child entrepreneur, 47–48
- childhood, 7, 10, 13–22, 31–33, 466, 476
- childhood reading, 35, 43
- Choctawhatchee Creek and, 16
- Christian instruction, 16
- Clark family and, 31–33, 41, 318, 629
- education, Plains, Ga., 18, 39–45, 45n
- family background, 23–38, 24n, 44
- family farmhouse, 15, 45
- farm work and chores, 17–20, 44
- friendships, black playmates, 39–41, 41n
- at Georgia Southwestern State College, 50
- at Georgia Tech, 51
- government job, at sixteen, 48
- Great Depression and, 13, 35–36
- homelife and culture, 1930s, 13–14, 19, 46
- “an immersion in the natural world,” 16
- interest in engineering, 18
- leaves Georgia (1943), 50
- lesson in dangers of following the tribe, 45
- Louis-Schmeling rematch and, 46
- naval career, 68–86, 88–91
- nicknames, x, 15, 20, 44
- political views, becoming liberal, 70
- racial attitudes and, 33–35, 37, 39–40, 46
- religious doubts, 40
- Rhodes scholarship rejection, 69–70
- Rickover and, 78–91
- Rosalynn and, 28, 62–77, 90, 91
- skills acquired, 17–18, 19, 20, 44
- social life, girlfriends, 44–45, 50, 64, 66
- “sounding black,” 40
- teacher, Julia Coleman, and, 41–45
- uncle, Tom Gordy and, 60–61
—1953–75, Georgia years, x, 95–191
- appearance, 136, 196, 196n
- Baker v. Carr and political career, 116
- business success, peanut farming, prosperity, and Carter’s Warehouse, 90, 92, 95–97, 112, 114, 115, 130–31
- circle of friends, pastimes, golfing, 102–3
- civil rights, racial equality, and, 104, 106–14, 126, 128, 130, 131, 148, 164, 164n, 166–70
- crisis of faith and born again, 138–47
- as a “Dick Russell Democrat,” 133, 156
- family dinners and, 100
- farm inventions and use of technology, 97
- financial stress (1953–54), 95–96
- gaining a statewide reputation, 132–33
- in Georgia Senate, 7, 101, 103, 117–33
- as governor, 7, 166–91, 206–7, 209, 332
- as governor, inaugural declaration, 166–67, 195
- gubernatorial campaign (1966), 133–37
- gubernatorial campaign (1970), 43, 148–65, 159n, 271
- home in Plains, 115–16
- “Jimmy” Carter on ballots, 117
- as “joiner,” 97–98
- Koinonia farm and, 111–12
- lay missionary work, 7, 142–45, 203
- national visibility and, 195–96
- nickname “Jungle Jimmy,” 177, 180
- as outsider, 7, 102
- path to the presidency, 167, 195–212
- peanut as campaign symbol, 153
- political dirty tricks and, 157–58
- political donors, backers, 150–52
- political team for, 135–36, 151
- populist message, 135, 149, 159, 160
- return to Georgia (1953), 89–90
- Rosalynn and family business, 96–97
- school consolidation, as first public campaign, 112–13
- segregationist supporters, 156–63, 196
- sons of, relationships with, 99, 153
- Sumter County Board of Education and, 106–9, 112–13
- Trilateral Commission and, 200
- US Congress run, 132–33
- West Central Georgia Area Planning and Development Commission and, 132–33
—1975–76, presidential race, xii, 4, 7, 192, 195–281
- announcement of candidacy, 214–15
- “Anybody but Carter” (ABC), 244
- appeal to voters, 217–18, 223–24, 231, 260
- black staffers, 228
- black supporters, 227–28, 234, 236, 241, 243, 275–76
- building an organization, 222–23, 222n
- business support for, 273
- campaign ads, 226–27, 230
- campaign autobiography Why Not the Best?, x, 215, 215n, 239–40, 251
- campaign concerts, 226–27, 227n
- campaign issues, 218, 222–23, 234, 235–36, 239, 245, 249, 272, 292
- campaign pledge, 226, 229–30, 267, 595
- Carter family campaigning for, 226
- celebrities supporting, 226–27, 227n, 248
- colorful relatives and, 217, 249–51, 262
- creating a political identity, 213, 226, 246, 247, 265, 272
- debates and, 269–70, 273–74, 419
- deciding on, planning campaign, 196–212
- Democratic Convention, 247, 254–59
- Democratic Convention acceptance speech, 257–58
- Democratic Party and, 246, 262–63, 263n, 280
- Dickey’s advice, 273, 274
- energy level as “bionic,” 217
- “ethnic purity” gaffe, 242–43
- evangelical Christianity as political asset, 202–4, 218–19, 240–41, 252
- first Spanish language TV ad, 262
- fund-raising, 245n
- general election, 247, 249, 259–81
- general election results, 277–79
- Georgia Stop Carter movement, 213n
- handling of rejection and, 220
- handwritten notes and, 222, 222n
- hard-core base lacking, 247
- honing skills for, 155
- Jewish voters, 236, 237, 240, 241–42
- “Jimmy” Carter on ballots, 217
- Jordan and, 199, 211, 213, 224–25, 252
- Kirbo and, 145, 229, 253–54
- love as concept in national politics, 219
- media and, 217, 218, 220, 228–29, 233, 238–41, 249–53
- message to voters, 218, 219
- “Miz Lillian” becomes famous, 249–50
- “Peanut Brigade,” 233
- Playboy interview, 266–71, 271n
- political endorsements, 240, 242, 246
- Powell and, 222, 224, 227n, 234, 238, 263, 271
- pre-primary stumping (1975), 217, 225–26
- primary campaign, 213–46
- primary candidates, 212–13, 213n, 214, 215, 225, 234, 244, 246
- Rafshoon and, 213, 215, 220–21, 224, 226, 229, 230, 262, 263, 276
- as a religious calling, 259
- retail politics and, 222
- Rosalynn campaigning, 224, 226, 228, 265
- running against Nixon’s record, 215, 216
- running as Washington outsider, 216, 217, 225, 246, 248
- Secret Service protection, 217
- signs of future political troubles, 235, 237
- “so-called fuzziness” and, 245
- Southern heritage and, 217–18, 236, 239, 247, 262, 277, 278, 280
- vice presidential pick, 253–55
- voters targeted by, 214, 252
- whistle-stop railroad trip, 265–66
—1977–81, presidency, 285–609
- accomplishments, 5–7, 290, 298, 307–8, 315, 362, 371, 387, 426, 427, 431, 531, 533, 556, 571–72, 596, 597–600, 602
- accountability and, 8, 265, 286, 297, 301–2, 351
- as ahead of his time, 287
- amount of legislation passed, 5
- approval ratings, 1–2, 302, 302n, 303, 343, 344, 417, 431, 462, 471, 474–75, 489, 490, 517, 576, 615–16
- assembling a team and transition period, 287–92
- behaviors that hobbled his presidency, 287, 326, 327, 328–29, 330–31, 336, 347, 495–96, 517, 557
- biggest failure, 435
- blacks in administration of, 313
- blind trust for holdings of, 292
- “Cabinet government,” 287–88
- Cabinet purge, 472–75, 478, 507
- campaign promises and, 431, 493, 495
- celebrities supporting, 293, 317, 323, 379
- colorful relatives and family problems, 318, 482, 573, 574–76, 579
- critics of, 9, 297, 333–34, 337, 345, 506, 530, 538 (see also media)
- demeanor, relationships, treatment of staff, 320–22, 321n, 328, 330, 331, 602
- Democratic Party relations and, 182–83, 249, 286, 287, 304–6, 336, 337, 489–90, 572, 575, 582
- deposition in Carter’s Warehouse investigation, 481–82
- domestic policy, 327, 333, 346–47, 463, 497, 579–80 (see also consumer issues; deregulation; economy; education; Eizenstat, Stuart; energy; environmental issues; health care; welfare reform)
- domestic policy, greatest regret, 497
- downsizing and cost-cutting, xiin, 300, 324–26, 325n, 345, 557
- epitaph of his presidency, 602
- ethics and, x, 5, 298, 341, 343, 350–51
- evaluation of, 9
- farewell address, 601–2
- films watched, books read, 322–23
- final message to Cabinet, 602
- first national address, 301–2, 302n
- fiscal conservatism, 479–80, 490, 493, 530, 553–54
- foreign policy and, 5–6, 198, 200, 273, 273n, 310, 333, 345, 355, 356, 360–61, 364–66, 369, 387–89, 419–20, 431, 448, 466, 481, 515–16, 531, 533–34, 536, 537–38, 544, 553, 563, 578–80, 648 (see also arms control; Brzezinski, Zbigniew; Camp David Accords; human rights; Iran hostage crisis; Middle East; Panama Canal Treaties; peace; Vance, Cyrus; specific countries)
- G-7 summit, Tokyo, 462–63
- “Georgia mafia” (staff), 288, 288n, 294
- God Squad and, 466–67
- Great Britain state visit, 100–101
- Guadeloupe summit, 442–43
- as historical anomaly, 280–81
- identity as a reformer, 349
- image and, 301
- inaugural address, 41, 294–95, 357, 532
- inauguration, 282, 293–96, 293n
- inner engineer and productive temperament, 300, 323, 319–21, 532
- Jewish voters and, 483–86, 487, 555–56
- judicial appointments, x, 5, 313–14, 327, 587
- Kennedy and, personality and policy clashes, 205–6, 239, 255, 491, 493–98, 582–83
- Kennedy and, re-nomination challenge (1980), ix, 9, 329, 487–90, 498–501
- “Killer Rabbit” story, 482–83, 482n, 487
- Lance scandal and, 340–41
- leadership style, 4, 9, 73, 332, 343, 374–75, 461, 497
- “malaise” speech, 2, 456–57, 463–72, 478, 487, 488–89
- media and, 253, 279, 288, 292–94, 297, 335, 342–45, 422, 578, 582, 585–86
- Middle East trip (1979), 448–52
- “moral equivalent of war” speech, 303, 306
- morality and, 8, 332, 356, 374, 440, 466, 468, 479, 587
- moral vision, 281
- national addresses, fireside chats, 301, 378
- new Cabinet-level departments, 5, 306, 473, 571–72
- New England “town meeting” begun, 302
- nonjudgmental diplomacy of, 131
- Notre Dame speech (1977), 360
- one-term predictions for, 245
- “ostentatious modesty” and, 324–25
- “playing politics” and, 326–27, 329, 495
- prioritization lacking, 345–46
- Reagan debate (Oct. 1980), 590–92, 590n
- Reagan’s inauguration and, 605–6
- Reagan’s transition and, 600–601
- reelection campaign, 2, 517–18, 526, 543, 551–53, 555, 562, 572–73, 575, 583–94
- reelection defeat, 9, 327, 344, 480, 486, 519n, 521, 568, 586, 593–95, 616
- religious faith and, 321, 359, 389, 398, 416, 452, 516, 520, 532
- restoration of faith in government and, 292
- Rosalynn as advisor and envoy, 287, 301, 309–12, 327, 377, 392, 445, 459–60, 464, 472, 473, 479, 540, 552, 557, 575
- running and public collapse, 486–87
- Secret Service code name for, 322
- separation of church and state, 8, 122, 237, 241, 268
- speech at the DNC (1980), 581–82
- speeches on energy, 303, 306
- speechwriters, speechwriting, and delivery, 306, 338, 360, 378, 378n, 459, 463–64, 467, 509, 534
- staffers taking speed-reading class, 122n
- State of the Union address (1979) and “New Foundation,” 458–59, 459n
- State of the Union address (1980) and Carter Doctrine, 542–44, 543n, 547, 548
- tennis court story, 334
- Three Mile Island nuclear accident, 86, 457–58, 458n
- transparency and, 292, 302, 331, 351
- Truman’s “The Buck Stops Here” sign, 8, 265, 297
- “trusteeship” approach, 286
- UFOs and, 201–2
- US Congress and, 304–6, 327–29, 346–47, 375–85, 387
- vice president’s role, 253, 254, 289–90
- Vienna summit (1979), 534–35
- Vietnam draft dodgers pardon, xiin, 255, 256, 296–97, 586
- vision of, 4, 5, 307, 333–34, 362, 581–82
- Volcker appointment, 478–81
- Washington establishment and, 336, 341
- as Washington outsider, 7, 198, 285–98, 336, 343
- “weak leader” perception, 490, 502, 521, 529, 584
- women appointments, hiring, and issues, 5, 313–15, 348–49, 361, 444–45, 552
- worst decision, 472–75
- written briefings, 327
—1981–present, postpresidency, 7, 613–70
- in Africa, 610, 629–30
- aging and health issues, 668
- appearance, 667
- approval ratings, 653
- Baptist Church and, 657–58
- big goals of, 663
- Bush, George H. W. and, 618, 640–41, 642–43, 644, 664
- Bush, George W. and, 615, 618, 638, 641, 649, 653, 654, 664, 665
- cancer diagnosis (2015), 661, 666
- Carter Center and, xiii, 613, 626–39
- Christian faith and, 613
- Clinton and, 641, 645–52, 664–65
- Covid-19 and, 669
- death of his siblings and, 624–25
- democratic accountability, election monitoring by, 633–34, 637
- the Elders and, 663
- Emory University association, 617
- evaluation of, xii, 613–14
- ex-presidents and, 640–43, 645–52, 664
- finances and income, 617–18
- Ford and, 640–41
- as freelance secretary of state, 640–52 (see also specific countries; foreign leaders)
- frugality and, 326
- in Gaza (2008), 656
- global health and, 630–33, 631n, 633n, 668–69
- global peace and, x, 89, 620, 628, 635–39, 642–52, 654–57, 663
- Habitat for Humanity and, xi, 614–15, 615n, 667, 668
- hallmark of, 613–14
- human rights and, 635–39
- married life and, 619–20, 623
- nuclear submarine named for, 651
- Obama snubbing, ignoring, 641, 656, 657
- painting and, 622
- in Plains, Ga., 661–63, 667–70
- poetry-writing, 622–23
- political movement left and, 620
- Presidential Medal of Freedom, 652
- presidential race (2020) and, 665
- public affection for, 662
- Rabhan’s release and, 659–60
- racial discrimination and, 669
- Reagan and, 641–42
- refusal to cash in on presidency, 618, 664
- relationship with grandchildren, 621–22
- in Russia, fishing trip (2014), 667
- self-improvement and, 613, 614, 622
- as servant-leader, 260
- social justice and, 206
- Sunday school teaching, Maranatha Baptist Church, 661–62, 669
- travel, “exile,” and finding purpose, 613–25, 640, 664
- Trump and, 665
- writing career, 618–19, 622–23
—writings
- Always a Reckoning and Other Poems, 19, 623
- “The Ballad of Tom Gordy,” 61
- A Call to Action, 658–59
- early years, workbooks and essays, 43–44
- Everything to Gain, 619
- The Hornet’s Nest, 623
- An Hour Before Daylight, 32, 48, 619
- influences on, 42
- “I Wanted to Share My Father’s World” (poem), 21–22, 89
- Keeping Faith, 618
- The Little Baby Snoogle Fleejer, 619
- “Miss Lillian” (poem), 38
- number of books written, 618
- Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid, 655, 655n
- “The Pasture Gate” (poem), 41, 623
- “Peanuts” (poem), 47
- poetry and, 53, 321, 622–23
- “Rachel” (poem), 33
- “Rosalynn” (poem), 65
- Turning Point, 114n, 120n
- Why Not the Best?, x, 49, 50, 239–40
Carter, John William “Jack” (son), 69, 75, 90, 91, 98, 113, 208, 315, 316, 621
- childhood of, family life, 98–100
- estrangement from JC, 208, 215, 621
- healing relationship with JC, 666
- JC’s presidential campaign and, 226
- “Why not the best?” and, 215
Carter, Judy Langford (daughter-in-law), 153, 171, 552, 619, 621
Carter, Lillian Gordy (mother), 21, 25–28, 33, 34, 35, 37, 47, 50, 56, 88, 129, 140
- advice at age seventy, 146
- as Auburn housemother, 99, 99n
- births of children, 28–29
- death of, 624
- on Georgia Human Resources Board, 171
- Iran hostage crisis and, 519, 519n
- JC as president and, 278, 318
- JC’s political campaigns and, 117, 118, 134, 153, 218, 276
- LBJ’s campaign and, 127
- Louis-Schmeling rematch and, 46
- love of reading, 26, 35
- meets and marries Earl Carter, 28
- as “Miz Lillian” and fame, 25, 249–51, 317–18
- as nurse in Sumter County, 27, 37–38
- parenting by, 21, 33, 37–38
- Peace Corps and, 134–35
- personality, 33, 35, 56, 61, 249–50, 251
- racial and religious tolerance and, 27, 33–35, 37, 39–40, 45n, 77, 115, 276
- relationship with her husband, 29
- relationship with JC, 33, 34, 37–38, 51, 99n
- relationship with Rosalynn, 28, 62–63, 65, 90, 95, 100, 153–54, 171
- Sadat and, 397
Carter, Littleberry Walker (paternal great-grandfather), 24
Carter, Nina (paternal grandmother), 24
Carter, Rosalynn Smith (wife), xi, 62–77
- academic performance, intelligence of, 64
- in Africa, 610, 629
- age discrimination project, 310–11
- aging and health issues, 668
- appearance, 64, 65
- birth of, xi, 62–63
- birth of daughter, Amy, 142
- birth of son, Chip, 74
- birth of son, Jack, 69
- birth of son, Jeff, 76–77
- Camp David Accords and, 392, 396, 397, 398, 400, 401, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 410, 411, 415, 416–17, 450–51, 452
- caregiver for Amy, Mary Fitzpatrick, and, 170–71
- Carter Center and, 633, 634, 637, 638
- character and personality, 63
- childhood reading, 63
- children’s health and, 312
- civil rights and, 129, 131
- the Clintons and, 646
- desire to escape Plains, 63, 64, 67
- Equal Rights Amendment and, 552
- family business in Plains and, 96–97
- family problems and, 621–22, 622n
- father’s death, impact of, 63–64
- as First Lady, 5, 282, 309–12
- at Georgia Southwestern, 64
- as governor’s wife, 171–72
- Graham and, 268
- grandchildren and, 621–22
- Great Depression and, 63
- Guadeloupe summit, 442
- home in Plains, 115–16
- in Honolulu, 73
- independence of, 69
- Iran hostage crisis and, 519, 519n, 561
- Iran hostage rescue mission and, 567
- JC and marital life, xi, 62–77, 90, 91, 95, 99, 100, 265, 269, 309, 619–20, 623, 666
- on JC as leader, 9
- JC calls “Darling,” 28
- JC’s Annapolis graduation and, 61
- JC’s confidence and, 144
- JC’s courtship of, 64–67
- JC’s decision to return to Georgia, 90, 91
- JC’s decision to run for state office, 117
- JC’s first date with, 64
- JC’s gubernatorial campaign, 133, 134
- JC’s gubernatorial inauguration, 166–67
- on JC’s inability to relax, 98
- JC’s love letters to, xi, 74–75
- JC’s “perfect extension of myself,” 67
- JC’s Playboy interview and, 269
- JC’s political campaigns and, 148, 153
- JC’s postpresidency and, 613, 614, 666
- JC’s presidency, role in, 287, 301, 309–12, 327, 377, 392, 445, 459–60, 464, 472, 473, 479, 540, 552, 557, 575
- JC’s presidential ambitions and, 197
- JC’s presidential campaign and, 217, 220, 224, 226, 228, 243, 265
- JC’s reelection campaign and, 557, 560, 567, 583, 594
- JC’s reelection defeat, effect of, 616
- JC’s sister Ruth and, 63, 64, 65, 67–68
- Koinonia farm and, 111
- Mailer on, 253
- at Maranatha Baptist Church, 661
- memoirs of, 618
- as mental health advocate, 187, 311, 596–97, 621–22, 633, 657n
- as Methodist, 146
- mother-in-law Lillian and, 65, 90, 95, 100, 153–54, 171
- as navy wife, 67, 69, 88
- the Obamas and, 657n
- Panama Canal Treaties and, 373, 377
- personal development, 315
- political orientation, 70
- popularity of, 310, 662
- presidential inauguration and, 282, 293n, 295–96
- pronunciation of first name, 62
- racial equality and, 105, 106
- Reagan and, 641–42
- Reagan as president-elect, Nancy’s comments, 601
- refugee resettlement and, 311–12
- return to Plains (1953), 95
- “Rosalynn” (poem by JC), 65
- running as sport for, 486
- self-improvement and, 73
- Soviet dissident Vins and, 359–60
- virginity at marriage, 68
- wedding, 67–68
- White House family rituals and movie-watching, 322
- White House nickname, 310
- women’s issues and, 310, 312–13, 445
Carter, Ruth. See Stapleton, Ruth Carter
Carter, Sybil Spires (sister-in-law), 101, 573, 574, 624
Carter, Wiley (paternal great-great-grandfather), 24
Carter, William Alton “Buddy” (paternal uncle), 24–25
Carter, William Archibald “Billy” (paternal grandfather), 24
Carter Center, xiii, 613, 622, 626–39, 641, 657, 664
- African farming projects, 629–30
- Arab benefactors, 628
- Atlanta Project, 628
- board chair, Jason Carter, 622, 662
- design of, 627
- donors, 655
- election monitoring by, 633–34, 637, 642
- Emory University and, 627
- focus of, 628–29
- funding for, 627–28
- fund-raising Weekend, 662
- global health and, 630–33, 631n, 633n
- Guinea worm disease and, 630–32, 662
- JC’s vision for, 626
- in Liberia, Ebola virus, 633
- Mental Health Program, 633
- motto, 629
- number of employees, 627
- river blindness project, 632–33
Carter Doctrine, 542–44, 543n, 547, 548, 620, 642
Casey, William, 588–89, 590, 607n, 608–9
Cash, Johnny, 227n, 278
Castro, Fidel, 376, 568–69, 635
Catoctin Park 10K Race, 486–87
Cave, George, 607n
CBS and CBS News, 99, 128, 168, 233, 255, 267, 302, 332, 451n, 464, 581
- Face the Nation’s Billy interview, 574
- JC campaign speech on, 518
- JC inaugural, 296
- JC’s “ethnic purity” gaffe and, 243
- Mudd’s Kennedy interview, 499–500
Cédras, Raoul, 637, 649–51
Cédras, Yannick, 650
Centers for Disease Control, x, 630–31
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 607n, 620
- Afghanistan and, 535, 535n, 536, 544
- Carter Doctrine and, 543
- Casey and, 588–89
- Eastern bloc dissidents and, 358
- intelligence failure in Iran, 437–38, 454
- Iran hostage crisis and, 515, 562
- payments to Hussein and, 335
- shah of Iran backed by, 437n
- Sorensen nomination, 291–92
- Turner heads, 61, 292
Chalk River nuclear accident, 84–86
Chamorro, Violeta, 642
Chancellor, John, 257, 257n, 278
Chaney, James, 584
Chappell, Fred, 111, 115, 125
Chase, Chevy, 261
Chase Manhattan Bank, 200, 442, 504, 505, 507
Chavez, Cesar, 272
Cheney, Dick, 262, 278, 288, 376n, 578
Cher (Cher Bono, later Allman), 317
Chiang Kai-shek, 71–72, 419
Chicago, Ill., 78, 149, 214, 240, 497, 592, 621
- baseball game rioting, 457
- Democratic National Convention (1968 and 1996) in, 149, 498, 651
- mayor Jane Byrne and Kennedy, 553
- See also Daley, Richard J.
Chicago Tribune, 242
Children’s Express, 257
Chile, 363, 370, 443
China, 252, 418–27, 418n, 420n
- Baptist missionaries in, 40, 418, 425
- Communist Revolution, 71–72
- coronavirus pandemic and, 427
- “Democracy Wall Movement,” 421
- Deng’s visit to Washington, 72, 423–25
- economic development, 422–23, 426, 427
- energy and coal, 426
- human rights and, 427
- Japan and, 426
- JC and Christianity in, 8, 425
- JC and Deng, 8, 40, 72, 421, 422, 423–24
- JC and Rosalynn visit, 425
- JC in the navy and, 72, 418
- JC’s ninetieth birthday present from, 426
- Nixon and, 72, 418, 419
- normalizing US relations, x, 6, 72, 368, 419–27
- Soviet Union and, 419, 420, 421, 423–24
- Summer Olympics boycott and, 545–46
- Tiananmen Square, 421
- “two-China policy,” 6, 419, 423, 426
- US ambassador, Communist China, 423
- Vietnam and, 423–24
- Western education and, 421
China Syndrome, The (film), 458
Chirac, Jacques, 443n
Christopher, Warren, 381, 423, 484, 509, 515, 516, 541, 563, 592, 603, 605, 645, 650
Chrysler Corporation, 551
Chun Doo-hwan, 367
Church, Frank, 244, 254, 386, 569
Churchill, Winston, 393, 395
Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), 491
Civiletti, Benjamin, 314
Civil Rights Act of 1957, 106
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 106, 127, 541
civil rights and racial equality, 355, 577
- Albany Movement, 114
- Americus, Ga. and, 114–15, 124–26, 128, 129
- bank investment reform, 5, 556–57, 557n
- Boston busing crisis, 262
- Brown v. Board of Education, 105, 113
- Carmichael and Atlanta racial strife, 136
- Children’s Crusade, 125
- fear and lack of open support for, 129
- globalizing of, 356–57
- integration of Annapolis, 56–57
- JC and, x, xi–xii, 40–44, 57, 77, 89, 104–16, 187, 190–91, 262, 355, 556–57, 557n, 585, 669
- JC as Georgia governor and, 164, 164n, 166–70, 204
- JC on school desegregation, 155–56
- JC’s judicial appointments and, x, 5, 313–14, 327
- JC’s public silence on, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 147, 148–49, 355, 629, 669
- Jewish community funding, 150
- march from Selma to Montgomery, 128
- outlawing redlining, x, 556
- racism in the North, 262
- school desegregation and, 105–9, 127
- summer of 1965, 127–28
- in Sumter County, Ga., 124–26
civil service reform, 5, 218, 345, 350–51, 406
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, 350
Clark, Dick, 499
Clark, Ellery, 59
Clark, Jack, 18, 31–32, 33, 629
Clark, Rachel, 31–32, 33, 41, 318, 629
Clark, Ramsey, 516–17
Clarridge, Duane “Dewey,” 607n
Clausen, A. W. “Tom,” 290, 478–79
Clausen, Peggy, 479
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, 307
Clean Water Act of 1972, 183
Clean Water Act of 1977, 308
Cleland, Max, 297, 568, 587
Clifford, Clark, 465–66, 517
Clift, Eleanor, 217
climate change, 2, 599, 600
Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project, xiin, 458n
Clinton, Bill, 5, 40, 89n, 258, 285–86, 285n, 287, 302n, 314, 327, 482, 519n, 664
- banking deregulation, 554n
- Breyer appointment, 492n
- Children’s Health Insurance Program, 493
- Cuban refugees, Fort Chaffee riot, 571
- EITC and, 348
- inauguration, 645–46
- JC and, 212, 466, 571, 641, 645–52
- JC’s shot at ethics of, 664–65
- North Korea and, 646–49
- Oslo Accords, 646, 654
- wealth after leaving office, 618, 618n
Clinton, Chelsea, 645
Clinton, Hillary, 646, 652
Clinton, Roger, 573n
Clinton Foundation, 633n, 665
Clinton Library, Little Rock, Ark., 571, 652
Clough, Susan, 321–22, 334, 334n, 377n, 413–14, 482, 594
Clymer, Adam, 374
CNN (Cable News Network), 337n, 581, 616, 627, 647, 648, 651
Coal Miner’s Daughter (film), 322
Coca-Cola, 47, 178, 221, 325, 423, 537
Coffin, William Sloane, 515
Cohen, Roberta, 362
Cohn, Roy, 345
Cold War, 356, 360, 364, 365, 366–69, 433, 439, 549, 569
- JC and, 6, 356, 360, 422, 528, 547, 548, 569
- JFK on, 528
- revival of, 360n, 369
- “soft power” and, 370
- US nuclear fleet and, 79, 79n
Colegrove, Warren, 73
Coleman, Julia, 41–45, 41n, 153, 668
- JC’s inaugural address and, 41–42, 294–95
Coleman, Morton, 510–11, 588
Colombia, 311, 370, 372, 516
Colson, Chuck, 260
Columbus Enquirer, 161
Comish, Allen, 116
Commentary magazine, 538
Commission on Mental Health, 311
Common Cause, 465
Communism, 72, 360, 360n, 362, 366, 370, 418, 528, 531, 535, 569
- GOP anti-Communist group, 529
- JC and Solidarity movement, 601
- JC’s new approach, 360–61, 360n
- Nicaragua and, 363–64, 385, 454, 642
- US alliances and, 369, 369n
Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), 556–57, 557n
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), 338
Congo (Zaire), 366
Connor, Bull, 111
consumer issues, consumer protection, 5, 170, 189, 207, 252, 346, 349–50
- EPA and, 308
- JC’s deregulation and, 493
Consumer Product Safety Commission, 308, 348
Consumer Protection Agency, 349–50
Coolidge, Calvin, 7, 488
Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, 658
Corbin, Paul, 590
Corman, James, 496, 497
Cosell, Howard, 542
Costanza, Midge, 288n, 341–42
Costa Rica, 370
Costle, Doug, 308
Cox, Archibald, 241, 498
Cox Chambers, Anne, 135
Crested Butte resort, Colo., 263n, 623
Criswell, W. A., 268
Cronkite, Walter, 233, 255, 267, 302, 582
Crow, Carl, 119–20
Crowe, William, 83
Cruise, Tom, 256
Cruz, Eloy, 144–45, 165, 661
Cuba, 360n, 568–69
- JC’s visit (2002), 635
- refugees, xiin, 568–71, 595
Culture of Narcissism, The (Lasch), 460
Culver, John, 383–84, 386
Cumberland Island National Seashore, 183
Cuomo, Mario, 475
Cutler, Lloyd, 477, 519, 523, 524, 603–5
Czechoslovakia, 536
Czech Republic, 371