White House Burning: The Founding Fathers, Our National Debt, and Why It Matters to You

Napoleon I, Emperor of France, itr.1, 1.1, nts.1

Napoleonic Wars, 1.1, nts.1

National Bank Act (1864)

National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

National Currency Act (1863)

National Endowment for the Arts (NEA)

National Federation of Independent Business

National Health Service (NHS)

National Hurricane Center (NHC)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

National Rifle Association (NRA), 3.1, 3.2

National School Lunch Program

national security, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 7.1, bm1.1, bm1.2, bm1.3

National Weather Service (NWS), 4.1, 4.2

Native Americans, itr.1, 1.1

natural gas, 7.1, 7.2

Navy, U.S., itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 7.1

Netherlands, 1.1, 6.1, 7.1, nts.1

New Deal, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1

New Democrats

New Economic Policy

New England, 2.1, 4.1

Newhouse, Joseph P.

Newport, Frank, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4

Newton, Jim

Nguyen, Elena L.

Nigeria

Nixon, Richard M., 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, nts.1

Noah, Timothy

noncompetitive contracts

nondefense discretionary spending

Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

nonprofit organization

Norberg, Kathryn, 1.1, nts.1

Nord, Mark

Norquist, Grover, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 7.1, nts.1, nts.2

Norregaard, John

North, Douglass C.

North Carolina

Norton, Michael I., 6.1, nts.1

nuclear weapons, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1

Nunns, James

Nuschler, Dawn

Obama, Barack, itr.1, itr.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, app.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7

“Obamacare,”

“Obama stimulus,” 3.1, 4.1

Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson

Oberlander, Jonathan, nts.1, nts.2

O’Brien, Patrick Karl

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Office of Management and Budget (OMB), nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4

oil

Old-Age and Survivors Insurance program

Oliphant, James

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (1993), 3.1, 3.2, nts.1

O’Neill, Tip

“open-ended” health care commitments

Orders in Council

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

Ornstein, Norman

Orszag, Peter R., nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6

Ostry, Jonathan D., nts.1, nts.2

other means of financing (OMF)

Page, Susan

palliative care programs

Panic of 1907

paper money, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, nts.1, nts.2

Paris, Treaty of (1783)

Parry, Ian W. H.

pass-through entities

Patuxent River

Paul, Rand, 5.1, nts.1

Paul, Ron, 5.1, nts.1, nts.2

pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) rule

payroll taxes, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8

“peace dividend,”

Pear, Robert, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

Pearl Harbor attack (1941), 1.1, 2.1

Pell Grants

Pennsylvania, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1

Pennsylvania General Assembly

Pennsylvania Mutiny (1783)

Penrod, Joan D.

pensions, 1.1, 3.1, 7.1, bm1.1, nts.1

Perez, Laura

Perez, R. T., nts.1, nts.2

Perot, Ross, 3.1, 5.1

Pew Charitable Trusts

Pfleiderer, Paul

pharmaceuticals industry

Phaup, Marvin

physicians, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, nts.1

Pickard, Amy

Pierson, Paul, 3.1, nts.1, nts.2

Pollin, Robert, nts.1, nts.2

Pollock, Alex J.

Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co., 1.1

Poole, Keith T.

population, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2

populism, 1.1, 3.1

Portugal, 5.1, 7.1

pound sterling, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 5.2

poverty, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, bm1.1, bm1.2, nts.1

Powell, Lewis F., 3.1, nts.1

premiums, insurance, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

prescription drug coverage, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, nts.1, nts.2

preventive health care

prices:

asset, 2.1, 2.2

consumer, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, app.1, nts.1, nts.2

crop

freeze of

gasoline, 7.1, nts.1, nts.2

gold, 2.1, nts.1

housing, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, bm1.1, nts.1

oil

Priest, Dana

primary care physicians, 4.1, 4.2

primary deficit, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, nts.1

primary spending, 4.1, 4.2

privatization, insurance, itr.1, 7.1, nts.1

productive investments, 5.1, 5.2

productivity, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, nts.1, nts.2

profits, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

progressive taxation, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5

property rights, 1.1, 6.1, bm1.1, bm1.2

property taxes, 1.1, 3.1, 7.1

Proposition 1

Proposition 13

public housing

Putnam, Robert D., 3.1, nts.1

Quill, Timothy

Qureshi, Mahvash S., nts.1, nts.2

railroads, 1.1, 7.1

Rajan, Raghuram G.

Rampell, Catherine

Rand, Ayn

Randolph, John, itr.1, itr.2

Rappleye, Charles

rates, tax, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, bm1.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7

Rawls, John, 6.1, nts.1

Reagan, Ronald, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, bm1.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

Reagan Revolution

real estate, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1

realization requirement

rebates, 7.1, 7.2

recessions, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 6.1, 7.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

see also financial crisis (2007–9)

Reeves, Richard

refinancing

regressive taxation, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

Reinhardt, Uwe E.

Reinhart, Carmen M., 5.1, 6.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

renewable energy sources, 7.1, 7.2

Repetto, Andrea

“Report on Public Credit” (Hamilton), 1.1, nts.1

Republican National Committee, 3.1, 3.2

Republican National Convention (1988)

Republican National Convention (2000)

Republican Party:

anti-tax pledge of, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1, nts.1

business support for

congressional members of, itr.1, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 5.1, 6.1, nts.1

conservative wing of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, nts.1

fiscal policies of, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1

limited government supported by, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, bm1.1, bm1.2

moderate wing of, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, nts.1

spending cuts proposed by, itr.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, app.1, nts.1

tax cuts supported by, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, app.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

restructuring, 5.1, nts.1

retirement, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, bm1.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4

retirement age, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

retirement savings accounts, itr.1, itr.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, bm1.1, nts.1

Revenue Act (1964)

“revenue neutral” reforms

revenues, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, bm1.1, app.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9, nts.10, nts.11, nts.12, nts.13, nts.14

Revolutionary War, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, nts.1

Ricardian equivalence, 5.1, 5.2

Ricardo, David

Riedl, Brian

risk, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, bm1.1, bm1.2

Ritchie, Christine

roads, 4.1, 5.1

Robin, Corey

Robinson, James A., nts.1, nts.2

Robinson Crusoe (Defoe), 1.1

Rock, David

Roeger, Katie L.

Roe v. Wade, 3.1

Rogers, Joel

Rogoff, Kenneth S., 5.1, 6.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

rogue states

Rohaly, Jeffrey, nts.1, nts.2

Romer, Christina D.

Romer, David H.

Romney, Mitt, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, nts.1

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 4.1, nts.1, nts.2

Royal Navy, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1

Rubin, Robert E., nts.1, nts.2

Ryan, Paul, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1

Saad, Lydia, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4

Sacco, Joseph

Saez, Emmanuel, 6.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4

Savage, James D., nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

savings accounts, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, bm1.1, nts.1

Sbrancia, M. Belen

Scales, Robert H., Jr.

Schaub, Gary, Jr.

Schenk, Deborah H.

Schick, Allen, nts.1, nts.2

Schindler, Martin

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.

Schoen, Cathy

Schuknecht, Ludger

Schwartz, Anna Jacobson

Second Bank of the United States, 1.1, 2.1, nts.1

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 6.1, nts.1

self-interest, 6.1, 6.2

Senate, U.S., itr.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2

September 11th attacks (2001), 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, bm1.1

services sector

Seven Years’ War

Shackelford, Douglas A.

Shapiro, Jesse M.

shareholders, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

Shaviro, Daniel N., nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5

Shea, Dennis F.

Shea, Judy A.

shekels

shelters, tax, 6.1, 7.1

shutdowns, government

Siegel, Reva B.

Silber, William L.

Silicon Valley

silver, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6

Silver, Nate, nts.1, nts.2

Simpson-Bowles commission

Slemrod, Joel, nts.1, nts.2

Sloan, Herbert E.

Small, Kenneth A.

small business

Smith, Adam, 6.1, nts.1

Smith, Daniel A.

Smith, Sheila

social insurance, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, bm1.1, bm1.2, bm1.3

see also health care costs

Social Security, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, bm1.1, bm1.2, app.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9, nts.10, nts.11, nts.12

Social Security Act (1935)

Social Security Amendments (1983)

“soft money,”

“sound money,”

South Africa, 2.1, 2.2

South Korea

South Sea Bubble

sovereign debt crises, 5.1, 6.1, nts.1

Soviet Union, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1

soybeans

space program

Spain, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, nts.1

Spanish milled dollar

special interests, 6.1, 6.2, nts.1

specialists, medical, 4.1, 4.2

specie, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, nts.1

Specter, Arlen

speculation, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2

spending caps, 3.1, 4.1

spending programs, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4

Spiegel, 5.1

Spilimbergo, Antonio

Spragens, Lynn

Springstead, Glenn R.

Squires, David A., nts.1, nts.2

Standard & Poor’s (S&P), 5.1, 5.2, 500

standard distributional analysis

Standiford, Les

“starve the beast,” 3.1, nts.1

Stasavage, David

state government, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, nts.1

states’ rights, itr.1, 1.1

Stavins, Robert N.

Stein, Sam

Steinberg, Jacques

Steinhauer, Jennifer, nts.1, nts.2

Stephens-Davidowitz, Seth

“stepped-up basis,”

Sterman, John D.

Stevens, John Austin

Stevenson, Richard W.

Stewart, James B.

Stigler, George J.

Stiglitz, Joseph E.

stimulus measures, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

Stockley, Karen

Stockman, David A., 3.1, 3.2, nts.1

stock market, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2, bm1.1

Stone, Chad

Storm Surge Unit

Stremikis, Kristof

structural deficits, 4.1, 5.1

student loans, 4.1, 5.1, bm1.1, nts.1

subprime mortgages

Subramanian, Arvind, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

subsidiaries, corporate

subsidies, agricultural, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, nts.1, nts.2

Suderman, Peter

Suez Canal crisis (1956)

“supercommittee,” 3.1, 6.1, app.1, nts.1

supplemental insurance plans, 7.1, nts.1

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

supply and demand

supply-side economics, 3.1, 6.1

Supreme Court, U.S.

Surowiecki, James, nts.1, nts.2

surpluses, budget, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

Surrey, Stanley

Suskind, Ron, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

Sustainable Defense Task Force

Svahn, John A.

swaps, debt

Sweden, 6.1, nts.1

Switzerland

Sylla, Richard, 1.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6

tariffs, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 6.1, nts.1, nts.2

Tavernise, Sabrina

“Tax Day,”

taxes:

agricultural, 1.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1, nts.2

alternative minimum (AMT), 3.1, 4.1, 7.1, app.1, app.2, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5

on assets, 7.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

avoidance of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1, nts.2

base for, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1

on bonds, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2

brackets of, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

capital gains, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, nts.1, nts.2

on carbon emissions, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, nts.1

on charitable contributions, 7.1, 7.2, bm1.1, nts.1, nts.2

child credit for, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

code for, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

collection of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 5.1, nts.1

congressional policies on, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, app.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

on consumption, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6

corporate, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, nts.1, nts.2

taxes (continued):

cuts in, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, app.1, app.2, app.3, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9, nts.10

deductions and exemptions for, itr.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9

deferment of

differential in

direct

on dividends, 7.1, 7.2

estate, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, app.1

excise, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 6.1, nts.1

expenditures in, 4.1, 7.1

flat, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

gasoline, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1, nts.2

income, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, app.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8

increases in, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, bm1.1, app.1, nts.1, nts.2

on investments, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

loopholes in, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 6.2

luxury, 1.1, 1.2

marginal rate of, 4.1, 6.1, nts.1

movement for reduction of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, app.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

payroll, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8

progressive, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5

property, 1.1, 3.1, 7.1

rates of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, bm1.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7

rebates on

reforms for, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2

regressive, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

representation and, 1.1, nts.1

revenues from, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, bm1.1, app.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9, nts.10, nts.11, nts.12, nts.13, nts.14

shelters for, 6.1, 7.1

on social insurance, 4.1, 4.2

state and local, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2

value-added (VAT), 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

in wartime, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 7.1, bm1.1, nts.1

on wealth, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, nts.1

“tax farmers,”

Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act (2005)

Taxpayer Protection Pledge, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1

Tax Reform Act (1986), 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act (2010)

Tax Relief Coalition

Taylor, Alan, nts.1, nts.2

tea

teaching hospitals

Tea Party Goes to Washington, The (Paul), 5.1

Tea Party movement, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 5.1, nts.1

technical appendix

technology, 1.1, 4.1

Temel, Jennifer

Temin, Peter, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

Tempalski, Jerry, nts.1, nts.2

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

terrorism, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

Thailand

Thaler, Richard H.

Thee-Brenan, Megan

Theory of Justice, A (Rawls), 6.1

think tanks

13 Bankers (Johnson and Kwak), itr.1

Time, 2.1

tobacco, 4.1, nts.1

Toder, Eric J., nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5

“too big to fail” institutions, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

Toomey, Pat, 3.1, 6.1

Topoleski, John J.

Tories, 1.1, nts.1

toxic assets

Toyota

trade deficits, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, nts.1

traditional values, 3.1, 3.2

transportation, 1.1, 7.1, 7.2

Treasury bills, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 6.1, bm1.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9, nts.10, nts.11, nts.12, nts.13, nts.14, nts.15

Treasury Department, U.S., itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 7.1, 7.2, bm1.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4

Trenton, Battle of

Triffin, Robert, 2.1, nts.1

Triffin dilemma

Tritch, Teresa

Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), 3.1, 5.1, nts.1

Truman, Harry S., 2.1, nts.1

Truman Doctrine

trust funds, 3.1, 4.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6

Turner, Philip

2011 Long-Term Budget Outlook, app.1

Tyson, Laura D’Andrea

Ueda, Kenichi

unemployment insurance, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, bm1.1, nts.1

unemployment rate, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 6.1, 7.1, bm1.1, bm1.2, bm1.3, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4

unemployment savings accounts

“unfunded obligations,”

United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (Bretton Woods agreements) (1944), 2.1, 2.2, nts.1

United States:

agriculture of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, nts.1, nts.2

banking system of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, nts.1, nts.2

British relations with, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2

central bank of, see Federal Reserve System

conservative movement in, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, nts.1

credit rating of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

currency of, see dollar

United States (continued):

deficits and deficit spending in, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, bm1.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9, nts.10, nts.11, nts.12

democratic system of, 1.1, 1.2, 7.1, bm1.1

economic growth in, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6

economy of, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, bm1.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6

financial program for

foreign aid of, 4.1, nts.1

foreign investment in, 5.1, nts.1

foreign trade of, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 5.1, 6.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

future fiscal crisis of

as global power, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1

gold reserves of, 2.1, nts.1

gross domestic product (GDP) of, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18, 7.19, app.1, app.2, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9, nts.10, nts.11, nts.12, nts.13, nts.14, nts.15, nts.16, nts.17, nts.18, nts.19, nts.20, nts.21, nts.22, nts.23, nts.24, nts.25

health care costs in, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, bm1.1, bm1.2, bm1.3, app.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9; see also Medicare; Social Security

immigration to, 1.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

industrialization of, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1

inflation rate of, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, app.1, app.2, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9

infrastructure of, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, nts.1, nts.2

interest rates in, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 7.1, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4

in international economic system, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 5.2, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5

living standards in, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, bm1.1, bm1.2, nts.1, nts.2

military spending of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2, bm1.1, nts.1, nts.2

national debt of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, bm1.1, bm1.2, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4, nts.5, nts.6, nts.7, nts.8, nts.9, nts.10, nts.11

population of, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2

savings rate in, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, bm1.1, nts.1

social programs of, see Medicare; Social Security

stock market of, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2, bm1.1

unemployment rate in, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 6.1, 7.1, bm1.1, bm1.2, bm1.3, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3, nts.4

universal health care

upper class, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, nts.1, nts.2

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

utilization patterns

vacation homes

Valley Forge

value-added tax (VAT), 7.1, 7.2, nts.1

Van Natta, Don, Jr.

“veil of ignorance,” 6.1, 6.2

Velde, François R.

Verhovek, Sam Howe

veterans’ pensions

vetoes, 1.1, 3.1

Vietnam War, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 5.1, nts.1

Viguerie, Richard, 3.1, nts.1

Virginia

Volcker, Paul A., 2.1, 2.2, nts.1, nts.2

von Fremd, Charles

voucher programs, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2

V-22 aircraft

wage levels, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, bm1.1, nts.1

see also payroll taxes

Waidmann, Timothy

Wallis, John Joseph

Wall Street

Wall Street Journal, 3.1, 4.1

Walters, Raymond, Jr.

Wanniski, Jude

warfare, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 7.1, bm1.1, nts.1

War Hawks, itr.1, 1.1, 3.1

War of 1812, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, bm1.1, nts.1

War of the Spanish Succession

Warren, Elizabeth

Warren, Michael

Washington, D.C., itr.1, 1.1, 1.2

Washington, George, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, nts.1, nts.2

Watkins, Thayer

wealth, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

wealth disparities, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

weapons of mass destruction, 6.1, 7.1

Weather Channel, 4.1, 4.2

Weisbach, David A., nts.1, nts.2

Weisberg, Jacob, nts.1, nts.2

Weisman, Steven R.

welfare programs, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1

see also entitlement programs

West Virginia

Whigs, 1.1, nts.1

whiskey, 1.1, 1.2, nts.1

Whiskey Rebellion, 1.1, 1.2

White, Harry Dexter, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, nts.1

White, Nathan I.

White, Richard

White House, itr.1, 1.1

Whitten, David O.

Wicker, Elmus

William III, King of England

Williams, Cindy, nts.1, nts.2, nts.3

Williams, Roberton

Williamson, Samuel H.

Williamson, Vanessa

Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act (1894)

Woodward, Bob, nts.1, nts.2

Woolhandler, Steffie

workers’ compensation

World Health Organization (WHO)

World Trade Organization (WTO)

World War I, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

World War II, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 6.1, 7.1

Wright, Jim

Wright, Robert E., nts.1, nts.2

Wu, Vivian Yaling

Wyden, Ron, 7.1, nts.1

Xiang Yu

Yang, Shu-Chun Susan, nts.1, nts.2

yen

Yohe, G. W., nts.1, nts.2

Yorktown, Battle of

yuan, 5.1, 5.2

Zandi, Mark

Zettelmeyer, Jeromin

Zinn, Howard, 1.1, nts.1

Zuckerman, Stephen